Hasil untuk "Speculative philosophy"

Steven C. Santer

Abstract In response to this issue’s theme of Can robots be sensual? two propositions are discussed from a design researcher’s perspective. Four devices across two speculative projects Habitat Robots and Soil Protector Robots are presented. Speculative Realist ideas provide reasoning for design approaches to metaphorise sensed environmental data into multi-sensorial performances that the devices embody. Facilitated through the projects are philosophy of design concerns, such as asymmetrical relations, the nature of data, and language about the devices prefiguring sensorial expectations. The performative behaviours of these multi-sensorial robots evoke a sense of things by removing the truthiness of data and thereby emancipating language from privilege and expertise, subverting expectations of technology, and notions of urban Nature. Through Harman’s Quadruple Object, we speculate on asymmetricality within object relations, including between the devices and the practices of design itself. Thereby, allowing ontological design implications to be reviewed – where acts of designing in turn design us; design processes are not only entwined prefiguratively, but are companion output artefacts of these technological ecology interfaces. The devices bring together and physicalise questions of contextual boundaries and politics between humans, technology, and Nature.

Luiz Raimundo Tadeu da Silva

O livro é direcionado tanto para um público mais familiarizado com a temática quanto para um público mais geral da Filosofia, pois abre um grande cenário de possibilidades para estudos sobre a Filosofia da Técnica e da Tecnologia. Apresenta, comenta e atualiza aspectos do pensamento filosófico a respeito da temática. Faz isso apresentando pesquisas que contribuem significativamente para a edificação das temáticas filosóficas que perpassam a Filosofia da Técnica e da Tecnologia enquanto “novo” campo disciplinar filosófico. A intenção dos organizadores foi reunir temas, entendimentos e “nichos” filosóficos para apresentar reflexões sobre as múltiplas dimensões e possibilidades que a mediação tecnológica representa nas relações socioculturais.

Pavlo H. Petrov

утрішньому та зовнішньому середовищах. Досліджуються технології впливу політичних інститутів на суспільство (цільову аудиторію) в середині держави та за її межами у процесі формування іміджу транзитивних демократій. Пояснюється специфіка формування інформаційного масиву для транзитивних демократій в рамках впливу на внутрішню та зовнішню цільову аудиторію. Визначаються найбільш ефективні технології впливу на суспільство для політичних інститутів транзитивних демократій.

Emiliano Javier Cuccia

El artículo analiza críticamente la propuesta contenida en el libro Aquinas’s Ontology of the Material World. Change, Hylomorphism, and Material Objects de Jeffrey E. Brower. Se sintetizan algunos de los puntos principales de la obra ero, particularmente, se evalúa el núcleo de su propuesta, consistente en poner en diálogo las ideas tomasinas acerca del mundo natural con las propuestas de la ontología contemporánea. Se evidencia que, más allá de las intenciones, el autor no consigue cumplir con lo proyectado en tanto parece ejercer en algunos puntos cierta violencia interpretativa contra conceptos centrales de la filosofía del Aquinate. Se concluye que dicha violencia es consecuencia de pretender circunscribir tales conceptos dentro de un contexto epistemológico radicalmente distinto como es el de la ontología contemporánea.

María Fernanda Toribio Gutiérrez

Este artículo busca ofrecer algunas intuiciones acerca del significado de la fórmula “οὐ μᾶλλον” tal y como aparece en uno de los fragmentos más controvertidos del libro viii del Sobre la filosofía de Aristocles (Praep. Evag. 14.18.1-5), dedicado a los pirrónicos. Según defiendo, mucho más que una indicación de carácter epistemológico o metafísico, el “οὐ μᾶλλον” posee ahí una función práctica y terapéutica en tanto juega el papel de un fármaco purgativo contra la “predicación”. Es, en este sentido, una herramienta filosófica contra las vanidades del dogmatismo. Para cumplir este propósito, analizo algunos aspectos del lugar que ocupa la fórmula dentro del pasaje, así como sus posibles raíces en la filosofía socrática.

Rafael de Araújo e Viana Leite

Nas obras completas de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Pléiade, Tomo II, 1964, org. Bernard Gagnebin e Marcel Raymond), há uma seleção de textos, desses quase apócrifos, representantes de um esforço nunca concluído, excertos sem um ponto final que nos permita medi-los com precisão e propriedade. Todavia, isso não impede que nós, leitores de Rousseau, encontremos um material interessante, capaz de complementar pesquisas sobre a reflexão, interesses ou mesmo sobre o estilo literário do filósofo genebrino. Esses fragmentos, em sua maioria manuscritos conservados em Neuchatel ou Genebra, alguns publicados no final do século XVIII ou nos idos do século XIX, foram reunidos sob o título de Miscelâneas de literatura e de moral. São excertos, notas de trabalhos e empreendimentos apenas iniciados de tamanho e valor desiguais, como diz Charles Guyot (1964, t. II, p. CI). Para o comentador, manifestam os exercícios literários de um grande escritor. Esta apresentação introduz a tradução inédita em português de oito desses textos, a saber, Sobre a eloquência, Pronúncia, Comentários lexicais, Sobre as mulheres, Uma casa na rua Saint-Denis, Ensaio sobre os acontecimentos importantes cuja causa secreta foram as mulheres, Conselho a um cura e, por fim, as Cartas para Sara.

Joseph Lindley, P. Coulton, H. Akmal

Arising from the complex relationship between their physical affordances, digital shadows, and interconnections, the things which make up the ‘Internet of Things’ (the IoT) present designers, users, and society at large, with a range of unique and as-yet-unfamiliar forms of network-contingent agency. These new design spaces engender new forms network anxiety, that in turn can result in a range of ill effects including overstimulation, information overload, and paranoia. Contemporary philosophies of technology provide a theoretical base with which designers can temper these emergent techno-anxieties with a sort of scholarly comfort blanket, however, closing the loop between such theories and design practice so that one explicitly informs the other remains a rarely-tackled and elusive challenge within design research. To help explore how designers may underpin their practice with philosophical foundations, in this paper we recount our own experience of conducting an IoT-based Speculative Design project. This research attempts to encode, enact, and express ideas derived from a contemporary philosophical movement—Object Oriented Ontology (OOO)—and ‘Carpenter’ those ideas into designed artefacts using the Design Fiction as World Building approach to Speculative Design. To ‘turn’ a physical material—wood, metal or plastic—means reshaping the material with a lathe to afford it a tangible elegance and grace. Metaphorically speaking, in this paper, OOO is our material and Design Fiction is our lathe, we reflect on the process of sculpting and carving theory, lending shape and poise to OOO through Design Fiction enabled Carpentry

Leah Kalmanson

J. Nilsson

This article explores the idea of film as a possible means for articulating original philosophical concepts, in Gilles Deleuze’s sense of concepts. The first of two parts, critically re-examines current ideas about film as philosophy in relation to Deleuze’s ideas on philosophy and cinema/art. It is common within the field of film-philosophy to trace back its central argument that film/cinema is capable of expressing original philosophy, to Deleuze’s cinema books. In and around these books, however, Deleuze did not express such an idea and rather underlined sharp formal differences between cinematic thinking and philosophy (however much he also described and implied proximities and similarities). Cinematic thinking takes the form, he argues, of blocks of movement/duration whereas philosophy is defined as the art of creating concepts. Still, could a close critical scrutiny of and some creativity with Deleuze’s thought allow for taking a step he did not take? The second part of the article takes on the speculative question of whether it is possible to create a notion from within Deleuze’s thought as a whole, that allows for at least the theoretical possibility of articulating original philosophical concepts – as Deleuze defines them (as a particular kind of multiplicity) – in and through film, and what this would mean for our understanding of the concrete form of concepts. The article examines Deleuze’s concept of concepts (how he defines their internal logic and by which formal means he implies that they can be articulated), his descriptions of complicating intersections between philosophy and art, some partly conflicting statements on Godard over the years, aspects of his analyses of filmic thinking in Cinema 2 that can be seen to provide preliminary components for articulating concepts in and through film, and it discusses the place and function of words and texts in such filmic articulations. If the aim of the first part is to clarify Deleuze’s positions on film and philosophy (often muddled in current film-philosophical writings) the aim of the second part resonates with the Deleuzian/Nietzschean quest for formal renewal of philosophy. The overall aim is to re-problematize and provide subtle new means for conceiving of and discussing the notion of film as philosophy.

Léo Peruzzo Júnior, César Candiotto, Antonio Valverde et al.

E. V. Hartmann, W. C. Coupland

Juan José Tamayo

<p>Este artículo trata sobre la permisividad del delito, el silencio, la falta de castigo, el encubrimiento, la complicidad y la negativa a colaborar con la justicia que convierten la pederastia no solo en una agresión sexual individual, sino en una práctica legitimada estructural e institucionalmente –al menos de manera indirecta– por la jerarquía eclesiástica en todos sus niveles en una cadena de ocultamiento que va desde la más alta autoridad eclesiástica hasta el pederasta, pasando por los eslabones intermedios del poder religioso.</p><p><strong>Palabras Clave:</strong> Poder, violencia, pederastia, jerarquía</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>:</p><p>This article deals with the permissiveness of crime, silence, lack of punishment, concealment, complicity and refusal to collaborate with justice that make pederasty not only an individual sexual aggression, but also a legitimized structural and institutionally practice –at least indirectly– by the ecclesiastical hierarchy at all levels in a chain of concealment that goes from the highest ecclesiastical authority to the pederast, passing through the intermediary links of religious power.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Power, violence, pederasty, hierarchy</p>

Silvia Castro García

Jorge Novella Suárez

<p>Mariano Ruiz-Funes fue catedrático de derecho penal, republicano, diputado a Cortes, ponente de la constitución del 31, dos veces ministro (Agricultura y Justicia) y precursor del derecho humanitario en su lucha frente al genocidio, denunciando y combatiendo a los negacionistas. Su crítica del totalitarismo está presente en sus escritos desde los inicios de los cuarenta hasta su muerte. En la cartografía del exilio español de 1939 y sus modelos de razón crítica, Ruíz-Funes une a su condición de exiliado y luchador contra la barbarie, la de testigo de su tiempo: contar lo que pasó. Una tarea intelectual motivada por ese <em>ethos </em>político en el que se reconocía la tradición humanitaria y liberal republicana.</p><p><strong>Palabras Clave:</strong> Derecho humanitario, penalista, Constitución de 1931, genocidio, totalitarismo, exilio, republicanismo liberal, compromiso, guerra, delito político.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>:</p><p>Mariano Ruiz-Funes was a Professor of Criminal Law, a Republican and a Congressman. He was one of the speakers in the committee for the 1931 Constitution. He also served as a Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, was a forefather of Humanitarian Law with his fight against genocide, and fought the negationists. His criticism to totalitarianism is present in his writings from the beginning of the 1940s to his death. In the cartography of the Spanish exile of 1939, and in his models of critical reason, Ruiz-Funes adds to his condition of exile and fighter against barbarity the condition of a witness of his time: to tell what happened. This intellectual task was motivated by the political ethos characteristic of the humanitarian and liberal tradition of the Spanish Republic<em>.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Humanitarian law, barrister, 1931 Constitution, genocide, totalitarianism, exile, liberal republicanism, compromise, war, political crime.</p>

T. Eastman, D. Griffin, Michael Epperson

V. Bedoya Ponte

<p>Analizo una digresión en una obra póstuma de Pierre Bayle, en la que un “discípulo de Zoroastro” formula una crítica de la teología reformada arminiana de Isaac Jaquelot a partir del problema del mal y del pecado. Pondero igualmente en qué medida esta intervención del discípulo de Zoroastro se asemeja a otras que se encuentran en obras anteriores de Bayle. Finalmente, estudio las implicaciones que tiene para Bayle el argumento que establece que no se puede juzgar a Dios en base a los principios de la razón humana o “nociones comunes”.</p><p>Palabras clave: Pierre Bayle, Isaac Jaquelot, calvinismo, arminianismo, nociones comunes, Teodicea, mal.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>I analyze a reflection of a posthumous work by Pierre Bayle, in which a “disciple of Zoroaster” proposes a criticism of the Apologetics of Isaac Jaquelot by an appeal to the problem of evil and sin. I also consider the similarities of this dissertation with other discussions which appeared in Bayle’s earlier works. I finally examine the consequences for Bayle of the argument that claims that God cannot be judged with the principles of human reason or “common notions”.</p><p>Keywords: Pierre Bayle, Isaac Jaquelot, Calvinism, Arminianism, common notions, Theodicy, evil.</p>

Rodrigo González Fernández

Según la versión estándar del juego de la imitación, la determinación del sexo de los participantes no desempeña ningún papel en el testeo de la inteligencia de máquina. Desafortunadamente, tal simplificación soslaya la teoría de la mente que fundamenta dicho juego. Teniendo en consideración este problema, en este ensayo argumento en contra de la simplificación del Test de Turing. En efecto, tal como sostengo, la determinación del sexo de los participantes no debe obviarse: la mente de una mujer y su inteligencia son imitables y no dependen de realización física específica. Esto ocurre porque el funcionalismo de Turing supone un vínculo entre imitación, engaño y aprendizaje, tres claves para que el proyecto de la Inteligencia Artificial tenga éxito.

R. Fillion

Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra

This note argues that research in Analytical Philosophy broadly conceived should be published exclusively in English. Reasons are given for this and the thesis is defended from eleven objections.

A. Whitehead