Hasil untuk "Print media"

J. Twenge, Gabrielle N. Martin, Brian H. Spitzberg

Studies have produced conflicting results about whether digital media (the Internet, texting, social media, and gaming) displace or complement use of older legacy media (print media such as books, magazines, and newspapers; TV; and movies). Here, we examine generational/time period trends in media use in nationally representative samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the United States, 1976–2016 (N 1,021,209; 51% female). Digital media use has increased considerably, with the average 12th grader in 2016 spending more than twice as much time online as in 2006, and with time online, texting, and on social media totaling to about 6 hr a day by 2016. Whereas only half of 12th graders visited social media sites almost every day in 2008, 82% did by 2016. At the same time, iGen adolescents in the 2010s spent significantly less time on print media, TV, or movies compared with adolescents in previous decades. The percentage of 12th graders who read a book or a magazine every day declined from 60% in the late 1970s to 16% by 2016, and 8th graders spent almost an hour less time watching TV in 2016 compared with the early 1990s. Trends were fairly uniform across gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The rapid adoption of digital media since the 2000s has displaced the consumption of legacy media.

Syahbudi

On September 22, 2021, Cinta Laura delivered a commencement speech at the Launching Night for Religious Moderation Action held by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Cinta Laura is known as a young female artist and grew up in an environment of Western education. Her attendance conveys a significant message about what and who the main target of the religious moderation policy is. This article employed a critical discourse analysis method to examine religious moderation through the lens of the hegemonic state policy. Secondary data are obtained from books, articles, opinions, and news in both print and electronic mass media that explain the concepts and ideas of religious moderation, especially since 2020. The question is, how is the policy of religious moderation constructed today? What is the purpose of the policy? The article argues that the state promotes religious moderation to strengthen the legitimacy of the new nationalism. This policy aims to nationalize religious views to influence how people view the relationship between religion and the state. It is accomplished, in part, by implementing policies that promote the debunking of narratives of religious intolerance, especially in educational institutions. Additionally, the state promotes socio-cultural norms that are perceived as beneficial to the state in terms of maintaining stability. The critical contribution of this article is that, through religious moderation policies, the state has managed to mitigate the political impact of intolerance; however, this approach tends to be formalistic and ceremonial.

Олександр Олександрович Палюх, Анастасія Сергіївна Рева

Предметом дослідження є встановлення впливу технологічних параметрів термотрансферного нанесення термохромних пігментів на якісні характеристики інтерактивних зображень, призначених для гнучких теплоакумулювальних виробів типу сольових грілок. Вихідним припущенням є те, що стабільність кольорової реакції, зносостійкість і візуальна чіткість термохромного шару в умовах нагрівання та охолодження залежать від комплексу технологічних параметрів друку та їх оптимального поєднання. Метою роботи є встановлення параметрів режимів нанесення термохромної композиції, оптимізованих щодо забезпечення стабільності та зворотності кольорової реакції у заданому температурному інтервалі. Для досягнення поставленої мети розроблено фізико-математичну модель процесу формування термохромного покриття з урахуванням температури сушіння, швидкості переміщення ракеля, в’язкості фарби, адгезійної здатності основи, а також теплофізичних характеристик полімерної оболонки. Експериментальні дослідження виконано із застосуванням мікрокапсульованих термохромних пігментів з температурою активації 31 ± 1° C, які наносились трафаретним способом на підготовлену ПЕТ-плівку. У ході дослідження проаналізовано вплив основних параметрів процесу на оптичну густину, контрастність між активованим та неактивованим станом, швидкість реакції на зміну температури, однорідність покриття й зворотність кольорової реакції. На основі чисельного моделювання з використанням методу Лагранжа встановлено раціональні технологічні режими: температура сушіння T = 50–55° C, швидкість переміщення ракеля v = 30–40 мм/с, низька в’язкість фарбової композиції та висока адгезія до підкладки. Практична значущість роботи полягає у формуванні інженерно обґрунтованих рекомендацій щодо вибору режимів термотрансферного друку для підвищення функціональної надійності й ергономічності гнучких сольових грілок із візуальною індикацією температурного стану.

Ziv Epstein, Farnaz Jahanbakhsh, Tiziano Piccardi et al.

The value alignment of sociotechnical systems has become a central debate, but progress depends on how human values are perceived in the content these systems surface and how such perceptions can be measured at scale. Social media platforms are a prominent class of sociotechnical systems where algorithmic curation shapes exposure to value-laden content at scale. Large-language models offer new opportunities for measuring expressions of human values (e.g., humility or equality) in social media data, but value expressions can be subjective: different people will annotate the same post with different values. In this paper, we draw on the Schwartz value system as a broadly encompassing and theoretically grounded set of basic human values, and introduce a framework to personalize the measurement of expressions of Schwartz values in social media posts at scale. We collect 32,370 ground truth value expression annotations from N=1,079 people on 5,211 social media posts representative of real users' feeds. Due to the subjectivity of the task, we observe low levels of inter-rater agreement between people, and low agreement between human raters and LLM-based methods. In response, we construct a personalization architecture for classifying value expressions by learning from a small number of highly informative calibration annotations per user. In evaluation, we find that modeling these differences successfully yields value expression predictions that people agree with more than they agree with other people. These results contribute new methods and understanding for the measurement of human values in social media data.

Михайло Петрович Горський, Михайло Олегович Огірко, Ірина Василівна Солтис et al.

В роботі розглядаються сучасні технології електронних видань та проводиться аналіз тенденцій їх розвитку. Розглянуті наступні типи електронних видань: електронні книги (eBooks), що дозволяють читачам зчитувати та переглядати книги на різних електронних пристроях; спеціальні електронні пристрої (наприклад, Kindle, Kobo) або планшети; електронні журнали та газети; блоги та веб-сайти, що дають можливість авторам створювати власний авторський контент, де вони можуть публікувати свої тексти, фотографії, відео та інші матеріали для широкої аудиторії; аудіо та відео контент, такий як подкасти, відеоуроки, вебінари та інші мультимедійні ресурси. Розглянуто їх переваги та недоліки які включають: складності з дотриманням авторських прав та виплат зв’язаних з відносною простотою запозичення матеріалів або взагалі їх повного копіювання; технічні перешкоди використання технологій, для деяких користувачів може бути важко освоїти використання електронних пристроїв або програм для читання; безмежний доступ до інформації може призвести до перенасичення інформацією та важкості у відборі найцікавішого та найважливішого; електронні пристрої можуть стикатися з технічними проблемами, такими як відмова батареї, падіння програм тощо. Проаналізовано їх зв’язок з розвитком відповідних технологій та перспективні напрями розвитку в майбутньому такі як: удосконалення інтерактивних елементів, посилання, відео-інтерфейси та взаємодію з читачами; адаптація до різних типів екранів та пристроїв, що дозволить зручно використовувати їх на різних пристроях, від смартфонів до планшетів і комп’ютерів; поява нових пристроїв для виведення графічної інформації; використання нових технологій для захисту авторських прав та виплат, зв’язаних із запозиченням матеріалів; покращення якості контенту, боротьба з дезінформацією.

Aleksander Janiszewski

Digital technologies have changed many aspects of social life throughout the world and in Poland in particular. Among them is the reception of news, as well as various thematic interests of people. If in the era of analog television and wired radio, viewers and listeners could perceive only one point of view, one view of the surrounding world without the possibility of technically freely commenting on what they saw and heard, then digital reality dispersed the commenting component in the sessions of socio-technical communications and changed the discourse itself as a news medium, as well as thematic interests of the consumer audience. The changes consist primarily in the fact that each media event began to live not only as long as it sounded on the air or was broadcast, but also in the implementations of individual people — listeners, viewers, those who are interested out of interest and those who try to become a journalist themselves and not only political. Diversity of views, direct Internet broadcasts of mass events, binary streams, thematic webinars using communication platforms (YouTube, Facebook), crowdfunding services (Patreon), other experimental forms of communication between the source of information and its consumer, on the one hand, have become tools for the verification of any event, which was not personal, on the other hand, became tools and factors in the creation of fake news. The latter, as a rule, is implemented within the framework of a purposeful policy of forces unfriendly to Western civilization. Polish video blogging is an integral part of a similar pan-European one. It also presents all the challenges and merits that are inherent in the Occidental blog discourse and video discourse in particular as its integral part. The article examines aspects of expert video blogging as a new discourse of national Polish media policy.

Eileen Han, Lauren K Lempert, Francesca Vescia et al.

Abstract BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most used form of tobacco products among adolescents and young adults, and Vuse is one of the most popular brands of e-cigarettes among US adolescents. In October 2021, Vuse Solo became the first e-cigarette brand to receive marketing granted orders (MGOs) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), authorizing its marketing and their tobacco-flavored pods. Vuse Ciro and Vuse Vibe, and their tobacco-only (“original”) e-liquids, were authorized for marketing in May 2022 and Vuse Alto tobacco-flavored devices were authorized in July 2024. These marketing authorizations are contingent upon the company adhering to the MGOs’ stated marketing restrictions, including reducing exposure and appeal to youth via digital, radio, television, print, and point-of-sale advertising. ObjectiveIn this study, we analyzed the official social media channels of Vuse (Instagram and Facebook) to examine how Vuse marketed its products on social media and whether these marketing posts contain potentially youth-appealing themes. MethodsWe conducted content analysis of the official RJ Reynolds Vapor Company Instagram and Facebook accounts. We collected all posts from October 10, 2019, when RJ Reynolds Vapor Company submitted its premarket tobacco product application to the FDA, to February 21, 2022, to cover the first winter holiday season after the MGO. Two coders developed the codebook with 17 themes based on the Content Appealing to Youth index to capture the posts’ characteristics and potentially youth-appealing content. We calculated the percentage of posts in which each code was present. ResultsA total of 439 unique posts were identified. During this study’s period, there were no posts on Instagram or Facebook marketing Vuse Solo (the authorized product at that time). Instead, Vuse Alto (unauthorized to date of study) was heavily marketed, with 59.5% (n=261) of the posts specifically mentioning the product name. Further, “Vuse” more generally was marketed on social media without differentiating between the authorized and unauthorized products (n=182, 41.5%). The marketing messages contained several potentially youth-appealing themes including creativity or innovation (n=189, 43.1%), individuality or freedom (n=106, 24.2%), and themes related to art (n=150, 34.2%), music (n=77, 17.5%), sports (n=125, 28.5%), nature (with n=49, 11.2% of the posts containing flora imageries), alcohol imagery (n=10, 2.3%), and technology (n=6, 1.4%). ConclusionsAlthough Vuse Alto e-cigarettes had not yet obtained FDA marketing authorization during the 28 months of data collection, they were the primary Vuse e-cigarette devices marketed on social media. Vuse social media posts use themes that are appealing to and likely promote youth use, including creativity and innovation, individuality or freedom, arts and music, nature, technology, and alcohol imagery. The FDA should (1) prohibit companies from comarketing unauthorized products alongside authorized products, and (2) exercise enforcement against even authorized products that are marketed using youth-appealing features.

Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi, Ali Ezzat Shahroor, Maram Hasanain et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success as general-purpose task solvers across various fields. However, their capabilities remain limited when addressing domain-specific problems, particularly in downstream NLP tasks. Research has shown that models fine-tuned on instruction-based downstream NLP datasets outperform those that are not fine-tuned. While most efforts in this area have primarily focused on resource-rich languages like English and broad domains, little attention has been given to multilingual settings and specific domains. To address this gap, this study focuses on developing a specialized LLM, LlamaLens, for analyzing news and social media content in a multilingual context. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to tackle both domain specificity and multilinguality, with a particular focus on news and social media. Our experimental setup includes 18 tasks, represented by 52 datasets covering Arabic, English, and Hindi. We demonstrate that LlamaLens outperforms the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) on 23 testing sets, and achieves comparable performance on 8 sets. We make the models and resources publicly available for the research community (https://huggingface.co/collections/QCRI/llamalens-672f7e0604a0498c6a2f0fe9).

Tunazzina Islam, Dan Goldwasser

Grasping the themes of social media content is key to understanding the narratives that influence public opinion and behavior. The thematic analysis goes beyond traditional topic-level analysis, which often captures only the broadest patterns, providing deeper insights into specific and actionable themes such as "public sentiment towards vaccination", "political discourse surrounding climate policies," etc. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to uncovering latent themes in social media messaging. Recognizing the limitations of the traditional topic-level analysis, which tends to capture only overarching patterns, this study emphasizes the need for a finer-grained, theme-focused exploration. Traditional theme discovery methods typically involve manual processes and a human-in-the-loop approach. While valuable, these methods face challenges in scalability, consistency, and resource intensity in terms of time and cost. To address these challenges, we propose a machine-in-the-loop approach that leverages the advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). To demonstrate our approach, we apply our framework to contentious topics, such as climate debate and vaccine debate. We use two publicly available datasets: (1) the climate campaigns dataset of 21k Facebook ads and (2) the COVID-19 vaccine campaigns dataset of 9k Facebook ads. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis shows that our methodology yields more accurate and interpretable results compared to the baselines. Our results not only demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in uncovering latent themes but also illuminate how these themes are tailored for demographic targeting in social media contexts. Additionally, our work sheds light on the dynamic nature of social media, revealing the shifts in the thematic focus of messaging in response to real-world events.

Isura Manchanayaka, Zainab Razia Zaidi, Shanika Karunasekera et al.

The rise of social media has been accompanied by a dark side with the ease of creating fake accounts and disseminating misinformation through coordinated attacks. Existing methods to identify such attacks often rely on thematic similarities or network-based approaches, overlooking the intricate causal relationships that underlie coordinated actions. This work introduces a novel approach for detecting coordinated attacks using Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), a technique that infers causality from temporal relationships between user activity. We build on the theoretical framework of CCM by incorporating topic modelling as a basis for further optimizing its performance. We apply CCM to real-world data from the infamous IRA attack on US elections, achieving F1 scores up to 75.3% in identifying coordinated accounts. Furthermore, we analyse the output of our model to identify the most influential users in a community. We apply our model to a case study involving COVID-19 anti-vax related discussions on Twitter. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in uncovering causal structures of coordinated behaviour, offering a promising avenue for mitigating the threat of malicious campaigns on social media platforms.

Yu-Cin Jian

Олександр Олександрович Палюх, Віталій Олександрович Воробей

Об’єктом дослідження є процеси імітаційного моделювання, що використовуються для розрахунку міцності книжково-журнальних інтегральних обкладинок. Важливим аспектом дослідження є аналіз ресурсоощадних технологій у виробництві цих обкладинок з метою зменшення екологічного впливу та оптимізації використання матеріалів. Аналітичні дослідження сфокусовано на оцінці точності та ефективності різних методів моделювання у передбаченні характеристик міцності обкладинок, а також на їхньому вкладі у сталий розвиток технологій поліграфічного виробництва. Основна гіпотеза дослідження полягає в тому, що використання імітаційного моделювання розрахунку міцності інтегральних обкладинок може значно покращити розуміння чинників, що впливають на міцність обкладинок, та сприяти розробці більш надійних, довговічних та екологічно ефективних виробів. В роботі досліджуються різні аспекти імітаційного моделювання, включаючи вибір матеріалів, методи обробки та конструктивні особливості обкладинок, з акцентом на зниження споживання ресурсів та підвищення екологічної ефективності виробництва. Визначено, що ефективне застосування імітаційного моделювання розрахунку міцності інтегральних обкладинок покращує прогнозованість поведінки матеріалів та конструкцій обкладинок у різних умовах експлуатації, тим самим підвищуючи надійність, довговічність та екологічну цінність книжкової продукції в цілому. Виявлено, що ефективність імітаційного моделювання значною мірою залежить від правильності вибору параметрів моделювання, що відповідають реальним умовам експлуатації обкладинок та цілям ресурсоощадження.

Claudio Feliciani, Alessandro Corbetta, Milad Haghani et al.

The portrayal of crowd accidents by the media can influence public understanding and emotional response, shaping societal perceptions and potentially impacting safety measures and preparedness strategies. This paper critically examines the portrayal of crowd accidents in news coverage by analyzing the texts of 372 media reports of crowd accidents spanning 26 diverse news sources from 1900 to 2019. We investigate how media representations of crowd accidents vary across time and geographical origins. Our methodology combines lexical analysis to unveil prevailing terminologies and sentiment analysis to discern the emotional tenor of the reports. The findings reveal the prevalence of the term "stampede" over "panic" in media descriptions of crowd accidents. Notably, divergent patterns are observable when comparing Western versus South Asian media (notably India and Pakistan), unveiling a cross-cultural dimension. Moreover, the analysis detects a gradual transition from "crowd stampede" to "crowd crush" in media and Wikipedia narratives in recent years, suggesting evolving lexical sensitivities. Sentiment analysis uncovers a consistent association with fear-related language, indicative of media's propensity towards sensationalism. This fear-infused narrative has intensified over time. The study underscores the potential impact of language and sentiment in shaping public perspectives on crowd accidents, revealing a pressing need for responsible and balanced reporting that moves beyond sensationalism and promotes a nuanced understanding. This will be crucial for increasing public awareness and preparedness against such accidents.

Fabio Barbero, Sander op den Camp, Kristian van Kuijk et al.

Coordinated multi-platform information operations are implemented in a variety of contexts on social media, including state-run disinformation campaigns, marketing strategies, and social activism. Characterized by the promotion of messages via multi-platform coordination, in which multiple user accounts, within a short time, post content advancing a shared informational agenda on multiple platforms, they contribute to an already confusing and manipulated information ecosystem. To make things worse, reliable datasets that contain ground truth information about such operations are virtually nonexistent. This paper presents a multi-modal approach that identifies the social media messages potentially engaged in a coordinated information campaign across multiple platforms. Our approach incorporates textual content, temporal information and the underlying network of user and messages posted to identify groups of messages with unusual coordination patterns across multiple social media platforms. We apply our approach to content posted on four platforms related to the Syrian Civil Defence organization known as the White Helmets: Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, and YouTube. Results show that our approach identifies social media posts that link to news YouTube channels with similar factuality score, which is often an indication of coordinated operations.

Julia Kluge

Guy Metcalfe, Daniel Lester, Michael Trefry

Historically, the dominant conceptual paradigm of porous media flow, solute mixing and transport was based on steady two-dimensional flows in heterogeneous porous media. Although it is now well recognised that novel transport phenomena can arise in unsteady and/or three-dimensional flows at both the pore- or Darcy-scales, appropriate methods for analysis and understanding of these more complex flows have not been widely employed. In this primer we advocate for methods borrowed from dynamical systems (chaos) theory, which aim to uncover the \emph{Lagrangian kinematics} of these flows: namely how fluid particle trajectories (which form a dynamical system) are organized and interact and the associated impacts on solute transport and mixing. This dynamical systems approach to transport is inherently Lagrangian, and the Lagrangian kinematics form Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), special sets of trajectories that divide the Lagrangian frame into chaotic mixing regions, poorly mixing hold-up regions (and in some cases non-mixing ``islands'') and the transport barriers that organise these regions. Hence the dynamical systems approach provides insights into flows that may exhibit chaotic, regular (non-chaotic) or mixed Lagrangian kinematics, and also into how LCSs organize solute transport and mixing. Novel experimental methods are only recently permitting visualization of LCSs are in porous media flows. In this primer we review the dynamical systems approach to porous media flow and transport and connect the associated tools and techniques with the latest research findings from pore to Darcy scales. This primer provides an introduction to the methods and tools of dynamical systems theory. Once familiar with these approaches, porous media researchers will be better positioned to know when to expect complex Lagrangian kinematics, how to uncover and understand LCSs and their impacts ...

Trung-Nghia Le, Huy H Nguyen, Junichi Yamagishi et al.

Recent advances in deep learning have led to substantial improvements in deepfake generation, resulting in fake media with a more realistic appearance. Although deepfake media have potential application in a wide range of areas and are drawing much attention from both the academic and industrial communities, it also leads to serious social and criminal concerns. This chapter explores the evolution of and challenges in deepfake generation and detection. It also discusses possible ways to improve the robustness of deepfake detection for a wide variety of media (e.g., in-the-wild images and videos). Finally, it suggests a focus for future fake media research.

Hana Matatov, Mor Naaman, Ofra Amir

The massive spread of visual content through the web and social media poses both challenges and opportunities. Tracking visually-similar content is an important task for studying and analyzing social phenomena related to the spread of such content. In this paper, we address this need by building a dataset of social media images and evaluating visual near-duplicates retrieval methods based on image retrieval and several advanced visual feature extraction methods. We evaluate the methods using a large-scale dataset of images we crawl from social media and their manipulated versions we generated, presenting promising results in terms of recall. We demonstrate the potential of this method in two case studies: one that shows the value of creating systems supporting manual content review, and another that demonstrates the usefulness of automatic large-scale data analysis.

Chika Ebere Odoemelam, Nik Norma Nik Hasan, Adnan Hussein

Incidents of oil pollution has become a reoccurring decimal over the last twenty decades in most countries of the world. The controversy over who is responsible for the massive oil pollution witnessed in some oil-producing countries globally has amplified tensions between significant stakeholders in those countries. The issue of oil pollution in Nigeria and Ghana, for instance, has caused ecosystem degradation, the devastation of means of livelihood of local communities, and the death of aquatic organisms such as fish. Our study investigated the effects of the five news frames identified by Semetko & Valkenburg (2000); responsibility, economic consequences, conflict, human interest, and morality. Through content analysis, our study analyzed 531 newspaper stories on oil pollution in Nigeria’s Niger-Delta region from 2014-2018. The results indicated that overall, the effects of the human interest frame usage were more prevalent in The Daily Sun newspaper than the other two papers, The Guardian and The Punch, within the study period. This was followed by economic consequences, responsibility, conflict, and morality frames. Also, the study revealed that the effects of the differences in the frequency of using the frames in the coverage of oil pollution in the three selected papers varied significantly.

Yana Litovsky

The hostile media effect describes the tendency for partisans to evaluate media content as relatively biased against their positions. The present study investigates what specific contextual elements of a news report contribute to this effect and how it may be mitigated by the depth of content evaluation. A online study of 102 participants revealed that less bias is perceived in a newspaper article when evaluating specific aspects of the article with the text available for reference than when evaluating the overall bias without referring to the text. Moreover, being asked to consider overall article bias increased subsequent ratings of bias in the discrete elements of the text. These results suggest that the perception of media bias may be counteracted by encouraging deep, evidence-based considerations of where the alleged bias might lie, but only if this happens before the reader has the chance to form an opinion based on a cursory assessment.