Hasil untuk "Oratory. Elocution, etc."

Francesco Vitale, Tommaso Zoppi, Francesco Flammini et al.

Ensuring the resilience of computer-based railways is increasingly crucial to account for uncertainties and changes due to the growing complexity and criticality of those systems. Although their software relies on strict verification and validation processes following well-established best-practices and certification standards, anomalies can still occur at run-time due to residual faults, system and environmental modifications that were unknown at design-time, or other emergent cyber-threat scenarios. This paper explores run-time control-flow anomaly detection using process mining to enhance the resilience of ERTMS/ETCS L2 (European Rail Traffic Management System / European Train Control System Level 2). Process mining allows learning the actual control flow of the system from its execution traces, thus enabling run-time monitoring through online conformance checking. In addition, anomaly localization is performed through unsupervised machine learning to link relevant deviations to critical system components. We test our approach on a reference ERTMS/ETCS L2 scenario, namely the RBC/RBC Handover, to show its capability to detect and localize anomalies with high accuracy, efficiency, and explainability.

Angela Lopez-Cardona, Sebastian Idesis, Miguel Barreda-Ángeles et al.

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing, aligning them with human preferences remains an open challenge. Although current alignment methods rely primarily on explicit feedback, eye-tracking (ET) data offers insights into real-time cognitive processing during reading. In this paper, we present OASST-ETC, a novel eye-tracking corpus capturing reading patterns from 24 participants, while evaluating LLM-generated responses from the OASST1 dataset. Our analysis reveals distinct reading patterns between preferred and non-preferred responses, which we compare with synthetic eye-tracking data. Furthermore, we examine the correlation between human reading measures and attention patterns from various transformer-based models, discovering stronger correlations in preferred responses. This work introduces a unique resource for studying human cognitive processing in LLM evaluation and suggests promising directions for incorporating eye-tracking data into alignment methods. The dataset and analysis code are publicly available.

Mikolaj Domaradzki

The present paper suggests that Lucretius’ Magna Mater interpretation (2.598-660) can fruitfully be approached through the lens of invective oratory. While this difficult passage of De rerum natura has long puzzled scholars, this article argues that in his interpretation Lucretius masterfully transforms the encomiastic topos of allegoresis into a powerful means of blame: the poet allegorically interprets various aspects of the cult of Cybele with a view to showing how religious convictions and customs go awry. When thus exposing the cult as impious, Lucretius ingeniously exploits several topoi of rhetorical hymns (nurture, propitiation, etc.) for the purpose of making his vituperation all the more compelling. Hence, on the reading advocated here, the Magna Mater interpretation is a carefully constructed invective against those aspects of the cult (of Cybele) which an Epicurean is bound to frown upon (providential illusion, divine punishment, etc.).

Dr. Swati Daware

Ganesh Shrikrishna alias Dadasaheb Khaparde was a very lively personality in the history of Vidarbha. His intelligence was multifaceted. He was a renowned lawyer in Vidarbha. He was interested in various subjects like Vedanta, astrology, spirituality etc. Out of love for his motherland, he entered politics and besides this, he was active in drama, poetry, music, dance, kirtan, physical exercise, and social work. His oratory was very effective. If he wanted to make a point, he resorted to humor. When he went to England in 1919, after listening to his speeches, the people there called him "Mark Twain of India". He was very generous in nature. His lifestyle was very expensive and luxurious, which is why the people of Vidarbha gave him the title of "Nawab of Vidarbha". But although he had various temperaments, there is no doubt that he was a patriot first and foremost.

N. Meunier

Livy's narrative, far from being a faithful and scrupulous account of historical facts, is first and foremost a piece of literary, a narration, a collection of exempla that should serve as models or anti-models for readers, as Livy himself says in his Praefatio (Liv. Praef. 10). In his writing work, he follows guiding principles, the most important of which is the dialectic of contrasts, inspired by oratory and rhetoric. On the basis of different examples from the first decade of Ab Urbe condita, the objective of this article is to examine how this principle of writing was applied to the theme of Returns (a motif well known in the imaginary and literature of classical Antiquity). Thus, it appears that each episode of return or attempt to return is systematically preceded by an episode of withdrawal from the civic community, with which it is contrasted in various ways. Examples of such withdrawal-return antagonist pairs are numerous, and they concern both individual characters (Tarquin the Proud, Coriolanus, Cincinnatus, Kaeso Quinctius, etc.) and collective ensembles (in the form of a secessio of an entire ordo).

Archana Kumari

“A social class is a category or group of persons having a definite status in society which permanently determines their relation to other group – feeling of superiority & inferiority. The relative position of the class in the social scale arises from the degree of prestige attached to the status.”P. GisbertAccording to some other definitions of class; given by Max Weber, Karl Marx, Hebbal etc., it is obvious that one of the indicators of class is the socio-economic status of the people associated with it. This socio-economic division is also visible among the government journalism institutes and private journalism institutes. Also, education as a fundamental human right is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and many other international human rights instruments (What You Need to Know about the Right to Education | UNESCO, 2023.). A simple Google search can tell us the sizeable difference in the fees of journalism courses between government and private institutions; former in multiples of thousand and latter in lakhs. Thus, the lower- and middle-class students prefer government institutions over private institutions, as private institutes charge hefty fees. So, the students who take admission in private journalism institutions can be considered a class apart from those who are studying in government institutions. Since journalism is an exposure demanding field paired with the attributes like confidence, leadership and good oratory skills, class plays a major role here. It impacts the potential and capabilities of the students in the way of success. The students belonging to higher class are more confident, outspoken and well exposed, while those of the middle class or lower class are lacking on these fronts which hampers their prospect to become a renowned journalist.In this light, the study tries to quantify the class divide empirically in rationally selected private and government journalism institutes of Delhi by using questionnaire survey. The survey would be followed by focus group discussions at various selected institutes for in-depth investigation of the topic.

Kai-liang Lu

In many scientific and engineering (e.g., physical, biochemical, medical) practices, data generated through expensive experiments or large-scale simulations, are often sparse and noisy. Physics-informed neural network (PINN) incorporates physical information and knowledge into network topology or computational processes as model priors, with the unique advantage of achieving strong generalization with small data. This study aims to investigate the performance characteristics of the soft-constrained PINN method to solving typical linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) such as primer, Van der Pol and Duffing oscillators, especially the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness to noise with minimal data. It is verified that the soft-constrained PINN significantly reduces the need for labeled data. With the aid of appropriate collocation points no need to be labeled, it can predict and also extrapolate with minimal data. First-order and second-order ODEs, no matter linear or nonlinear oscillators, require only one and two training data (containing initial values) respectively, just like classical analytic or Runge-Kutta methods, and with equivalent precision and comparable efficiency (fast training in seconds for scalar ODEs). Furthermore, it can conveniently impose a physical law (e.g., conservation of energy) constraint by adding a regularization term to the total loss function, improving the performance to deal with various complexities such as nonlinearity like Duffing. The DeepXDE-based PINN implementation is light code and can be efficiently trained on both GPU and CPU platforms. The mathematical and computational framework of this alternative and feasible PINN method to ODEs, can be easily extended to PDEs, etc., and is becoming a favorable catalyst for the era of Digital Twins.

Shriprakash Sinha

Achaete-scute complex homolog 2 (ASCL2) codes a part of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factor family. WNTs have been found to directly affect the stemness of the tumor cells via regulation of ASCL2. Switching off the ASCL2 literally blocks the stemness process of the tumor cells and vice versa. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with ETC-1922159, ASCL2 was found to be down regulated along with other genes. A recently developed search engine ranked combinations of ASCL2-X (X, a particular gene/protein) at 2nd order level after drug administration. Some rankings confirm the already tested combinations, while others point to those that are untested/unexplored. These rankings reveal which ASCL2-X combinations might be working synergistically in CRC. In this research work, I cover combinations of ASCL2 with WNT, transforming growth factor beta (TGFB), interleukin (IL), leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR), NOTCH, solute carrier family (SLC), SRY-box transcription factor (SOX), small nucleolar RNA host gene (SNHG), KIAA, F-box protein (FBXO), family with sequence similarity (FAM), B cell CLL/lymphoma (BCL), autophagy related (ATG) and Rho GTPase activating protein (ARHGAP) family.

Francisco Samuel Laurindo de Lima

It appears that remote teaching at the university generated social distancing (physically) and made it impossible for many to access the new teaching model, due to several students not having internet and/or devices available. Therefore, the purpose of this educational work is to report the problems and solutions that affected virtual learning, through the experiences of the student Francisco Samuel Laurindo de Lima (graduating in Pedagogy at UECE-Tauá/CE) during the first semester. This educational research points out details covered in the entrance to the college in focus, linked to the non-face-to-face space, with respective theoretical research methods and analysis of online classes. Positive results are observed (development in oratory and writing for requested activities, and excellent use in virtual surveys, etc.), after using qualitative methodologies. Well, they are important to acquire good conclusions about the a analyzed, and they indicate that it is necessary the educational praxis with commitment related to the teaching during any situations, mainly more in the strong adversities, example; COVID-19 pandemic, to acquire advantages. In this way, it will contribute to a “jaez” education, that is, a pragmatic educational progress, which in this sense, arises in the first place from the good actions of students and teachers.

A. M. Bragova

The article analyses Cicero’s use of the concept of intellegentia which means “knowledge”, “understanding”, “reason”, “ability of perception” or “concept”. It is used in various works (speeches, political-philosophical treatises, dialogues on oratory) 48 times: 4 times in speeches, 14 times in rhetorical works and most often (30 times) in ethical-political and philosophical writings. It is not found in surviving letters. Based on the definitions of this concept, we conclude that intellegentia denotes the Stoic virtue of knowledge, occurring much less frequently than its synonyms sapientia, prudentia, scientia and cognitio. Intellegentia is almost always used in the singular form (45 times), very rarely in the plural (3 times). The concept has such attributes as adumbrata, communis, impressa, inchoata, insignita, mediocris, popularis, praestans, prima and vulgaris, which allow us to conclude that intellegentia denotes general or basic information about any subject. The complements to intellegentia (juris (civilis), in rusticis rebus, pecuniae quaerendae, etc.) define the field of knowledge expressed by intellegentia (jurisprudence, agriculture, economics, etc.). The concept is used in the same context with such words as ratio, natura, prudentia, animus, sensus, mens, justitia, jus, etc. Like intellegentia, they are associated with the mental activity of a person, his soul, lifestyle or feelings. Less commonly, the concept is combined with negatively connoted words (avaritia, malitia, simulation or vitium) and partly opposed to them.

Gideon Chiusole, Peter K. Friz

Wiener spaces are in many ways the decisive setting for fundamental results on Gaussian measures: large deviations (Schilder), quasi-invariance (Cameron--Martin), differential calculus (Malliavin), support description (Stroock--Varadhan), concentration of measure (Fernique), etc. Analogues of these classical results have been derived in the "enhanced" context of Gaussian rough paths and, more recently, regularity structures equipped with Gaussian models. The aim of this article is to propose a similar notion directly on this enhanced level - an abstract Wiener model space - that encompasses the aforementioned. More specifically, we focus here on enhanced Schilder type results, Cameron--Martin shifts and Fernique estimates, offering a somewhat unified view on results of Friz--Victoir and Hairer--Weber.

Guozhang Li, Xinpeng Ding, De Cheng et al.

Early weakly supervised video grounding (WSVG) methods often struggle with incomplete boundary detection due to the absence of temporal boundary annotations. To bridge the gap between video-level and boundary-level annotation, explicit-supervision methods, i.e., generating pseudo-temporal boundaries for training, have achieved great success. However, data augmentations in these methods might disrupt critical temporal information, yielding poor pseudo boundaries. In this paper, we propose a new perspective that maintains the integrity of the original temporal content while introducing more valuable information for expanding the incomplete boundaries. To this end, we propose EtC (Expand then Clarify), first use the additional information to expand the initial incomplete pseudo boundaries, and subsequently refine these expanded ones to achieve precise boundaries. Motivated by video continuity, i.e., visual similarity across adjacent frames, we use powerful multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to annotate each frame within initial pseudo boundaries, yielding more comprehensive descriptions for expanded boundaries. To further clarify the noise of expanded boundaries, we combine mutual learning with a tailored proposal-level contrastive objective to use a learnable approach to harmonize a balance between incomplete yet clean (initial) and comprehensive yet noisy (expanded) boundaries for more precise ones. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method on two challenging WSVG datasets.

Manibrata Sen, Alexei Y. Smirnov

We consider in detail a possibility that the observed neutrino oscillations are due to refraction on ultralight scalar boson dark matter. We introduce the refractive mass squared, $\tilde{m}^2$, and study its properties: dependence on neutrino energy, state of the background, etc. If the background is in a state of cold gas of particles, $\tilde{m}^2$ shows a resonance dependence on energy. Above the resonance ($E \gg E_R $), we find that $\tilde{m}^2$ has the same properties as usual vacuum mass squared. Below the resonance, $\tilde{m}^2$ decreases with energy, which (if realised) allows us to avoid the cosmological bound on the sum of neutrino masses. Also, $\tilde{m}^2$ may depend on time. We consider the validity of the results: effects of multiple interactions with scalars, and modification of the dispersion relation. We show that for values of parameters of the system required to reproduce the observed neutrino masses, perturbativity is broken at low energies, which border above the resonance. If the background is in the state of coherent classical field, the refractive mass does not depend on energy explicitly but may show time dependence. It coincides with the refractive mass in a cold gas at high energies. The refractive nature of neutrino mass can be tested by searches of its dependence on energy and time.

Liana Tronci

Abstract This paper investigates the distribution of different types of impersonal constructions in Attic oratory and focuses on the data taken from two political speeches, i. e., Aeschines’ Against Ctesiphon (speech 3) and Demosthenes’ On the Crown (speech 18). The topic of impersonal constructions in Ancient Greek has not yet received much attention from scholars, with the exception of some studies devoted to singular aspects, e. g., the semantics and morphosyntax of impersonal verbs and the comparison with other Indo-European languages. No attention has been paid to the analysis of textual distribution of impersonal constructions and to the effects that impersonal constructions produce in communicative terms. This paper aims at filling the gap, by analysing different types of clauses under the umbrella of impersonal constructions. Some of them are usually recognised as impersonal constructions, while others are not. Constructions are of three types: the first includes constructions with impersonal verbs, e. g., δεῖ, δοκεῖ, etc., which are to be compared with the corresponding personal constructions. The second group contains some non-personal uses of grammatical persons, namely the non-referential uses of the first person plural and the clauses with indefinite subject τις. Finally, the third type includes constructions with non-human subjects, which display no-agreement in number between the verb and its external argument. The purpose of the paper is twofold. On the one hand, it aims at contributing to the debate on ancient Greek impersonal constructions; on the other hand, it investigates the role played by impersonal linguistic strategies in building the contents of forensic speeches and conveying the messages that orators wanted to communicate to the audience.

Chitradevi B

Samiyanna, a Shiva devotee, lived in the steep Veera Saiva tradition in Kangeyanallur. His life partner is Tanjammal. Mallya was born as their fourth son. He was popularly known as Mallayadasar as he traveled from village to village. Mallyadasar - Kanakavalli Ammaiyar couple have eleven children. A baby boy was born on Friday, the ninth day of Document Monday. He is the warrior of Thirumuruga Kripananda. Born with a womb in the womb, the warrior was well-educated enough to pick up texts and read them when he was five years old. At the age of eight Venpaa became a singing power. He started composing songs like Virutham as he had the energy to sing hard venpa. By the age of ten he had memorized ten thousand songs. The best Murugan devotee. He lived a life of penance, performing daily spiritual discourses. He is a profound scholar in many fields such as religion, literature, oratory, writing and music. At the age of nineteen he married Amirthalakshmi, the daughter of his maternal uncle Sivaguru Mudaliar. He was very attached to Arunagirinath. The music with Iyal was taught to the warrior by his father. His father was the guru of Tamil grammar, Thevaram, Thiruvasakam, Tirupugal, historical hymns etc. Chief Minister Palanisamy has announced that his birthday will be celebrated as a state festival from 2021. The purpose of this article is to examine his religious work.

O. Novikova

Public speaking is an important step in the work of every political figure. A successful politician must possess the skills of competent construction of speeches, as well as use knowledge in such fields as: linguistics, rhetoric, psychology, philosophy, etc. During the centuries within history of its development the art of oratory was used in various spheres of society: spiritual, ideological, socio-political. It was widely used in political activity. A public political speech in English is significantly different from a politician’s speech in Ukrainian. The translation of political texts requires from the translator not only deep knowledge of the language, but also certain experience that forms professional skills. Various stylistic and linguistic means are used to influence the listener, and the translation necessarily reflects all the features of the speech. Language and politics are closely related, first of all, this is directly reflected in the process of communication. Language is necessary in order to inform, to encourage action, to carry out legislative acts, etc. A distinctive feature of politics is its discursive focus, since political activity is speech-based in its specificity. The modern world is a world of globalization in which states are in constant contact. To ensure it, a political discourse is needed, the purpose of which is to establish certain relations. Accordingly, the task of translating political discourse is to ensure maximum adequacy and equivalence. The translator’s primary task is to provide politicians and their audiences with an accurate translation. The most important thing is to convey the message to the addressee, without complicating the translation with different constructions. The translator faces a difficult task of conveying this or that opinion or statement of a politician so that the resulting text fully corresponds to the original in terms of meaning.

I. Rau

The article deals with the issues of oratory of a politician, which have not yet been sufficiently studied in socio-political science. The article deals in detail with the following issues: political speeches and their emotional assessment; discourse in political speeches; the concepts of justice and law in the speeches of politicians; some popular ideas about the features of modern society, to which a political speaker could refer, etc. The article notes that every politician who knows his own worth understands the value of an open dialogue with the opponent and the opposition: people, even the most intelligent and experienced, have the ability to err, or even lie, and the dialogue gives an opportunity to show this by the example of an opponent. When dealing with an opponent who is clearly deluded, who does not know the truth, it should be different from the one who is clearly lying, consciously asserts an untruth. Using the means of metalanguage, the speaker-politician can easily express the differences between these attitudes to the opponent. At the same time, the article also pays attention to controversial issues.

Галина Білавич, Н. В. Мукан

The article dwells upon the problem of Ukrainian speech culture formation of future jurists. The authors emphasize heuristics as a branch of rhetoric which is studied by law students who in this way obtain knowledge not only about persuasion, effective forms of speech influence on an audience, but also of the art of polemic, learn about dialogue speech in depth, form skills of running an argument. The art of polemic as a type of eloquence is very old. Heuristics as a kind of oratory was originated in the Ancient Greece. The art of running an argument is more complex kind of oratory than monologue eloquence. Heuristics as a rhetoric of the dialogue speech is represented in the following genres: discussion, polemic, dispute, debates, argument, etc. It is of a particular importance for future jurists since effective running of professional discussions leads to successful resolution of certain professional problems, prevents escalation of a conflict between parties, etc. This raises the question of a proper conduct of an argument which, first and foremost, relates to the psychology of running an argument (discussion, debates, dispute, etc.), especially speech culture of discussions, observance of speech etiquette. It is important to teach future jurists the culture of running arguments and use of non-offensive, diplomatic wording, as well as develop the skills to concisely express their opinion. While familiarizing the law students with the rules of conducting arguments, they need to be exposed to the criteria of self-evaluation of their speech skills. In the beginning of professional training, it is important to draw the future specialists’ attention to difficulties which might arise in the process of the speech activity. Rhetoric of the dialogue speech has developed certain rules, techniques, and culture of heuristics which also have to be introduced to the future jurists. The article presents some of these aspects. These “golden rules of heuristics” should become the foundation to form the Ukrainian speech culture of a future specialist in the field of jurisprudence.

Davide Paone

L’articolo analizza le prime nove opere uscite nella collana di poesia Croma k per l’editore Oèdipus. La finalità è quella di ricollegare le caratteristiche formali di queste opere a una possibile tendenza della poesia contemporanea italiana.

Marco Bazzocchi, Alberto Cadioli, Laura Di Nicola et al.

In questa sezione si riportano gli interventi esposti durante la tavola rotonda che ha chiuso il seminario, assieme al dibattito che ne è seguito.