Hasil untuk "Norwegian literature"

Erlend M. Hanssen, Robert J. Lennox, Knut Wiik Vollset et al.

Rewilding predatory species has the potential to induce intricate trophic cascades and elicit multifaceted outcomes at biological and societal levels. The primary goal of rewilding is to restore ecological functionality and elevate species populations. However, the ecological interactions and socio-economic conflicts that emerge from rewilding are often underexplored in the literature. Natural recolonization of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Norway is presented as a paradigmatic example of historic and novel conflicts and interactions across ecological and socio-economic domains that ensue after predator recovery. Expanding otter populations in Norway have already led to increased incidences of human-wildlife conflicts because of predation on endangered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and seabird species, sometimes leading to the persecution of otters. The resulting tensions have created polarized views among conservation advocates and other stakeholder groups, including anglers, local river management organizations, eiderdown harvesters, and the aquaculture industry. Emblematic of many challenges confronted by practitioners of rewilding and restoration, we use the Norwegian case study to propose adaptive management strategies to mitigate these conflicts and promote coexistence, such as humane removal or translocation of otters, use of repellents or exclusion structures, habitat restoration, and compensation payments for losses. We also highlight knowledge gaps and emerging challenges to direct future research for conflict mitigation. Our findings can guide predator rewilding schemes more broadly; although focused on otters in Norway, this perspective offers general learning points and strategies for evidence-based management of predator recovery and human-wildlife interactions globally.

Saadi Lahlou, Annabelle Gouttebroze, Atrina Oraee et al.

We qualitatively compared literature reviews produced with varying degrees of AI assistance. The same LLM, given the same corpus of 280 papers but different selections, produced dramatically different reviews, from mainstream and politically neutral to critical and post-colonial, though neither orientation was intended. LLM outputs always appear at first glance to be well written, well informed and thought out, but closer reading reveals gaps, biases and lack of depth. Our comparison of six versions shows a series of pitfalls and suggests precautions necessary when using AI assistance to make a literature review. Main issues are: (1) The bias of ignorance (you do not know what you do not get) in the selection of relevant papers. (2) Alignment and digital sycophancy: commercial AI models slavishly take you further in the direction they understand you give them, reinforcing biases. (3) Mainstreaming: because of their statistical nature, LLM productions tend to favor mainstream perspectives and content; in our case there was only 20% overlap between paper selections by humans and the LLM. (4) Limited capacity for creative restructuring, with vague and ambiguous statements. (5) Lack of critical perspective, coming from distant reading and political correctness. Most pitfalls can be addressed by prompting, but only if the user knows the domain well enough to detect them. There is a paradox: producing a good AI-assisted review requires expertise that comes from reading the literature, which is precisely what AI was meant to reduce. Overall, AI can improve the span and quality of the review, but the gain of time is not as massive as one would expect, and a press-button strategy leaving AI to do the work is a recipe for disaster. We conclude with recommendations for those who write, or assess, such LLM-augmented reviews.

Marian Krawczyk, Kari Nyheim Solbrække, Lisbeth Thoresen

More people are surviving cancer than ever before. While there is a growing body of research on quality of life in cancer survivorship, we still do not have a good understanding of the lived complexities that many people experience after successful treatment. Inspired by the literature on existential concerns in cancer survivorship, we consider how the concept of ‘total pain’, which emerged from the contemporary hospice movement, may be useful to think about experiences of suffering in cancer survivorship, using interviews from a Norwegian research project Rethinking Cancer Survivorship. We find that the concept of total pain encapsulates concerns for existential suffering and also has unique features which offer new forms of understanding and action. This includes its origins within cancer care; how it addresses the individual as a whole and re-centres the body; its reliance on and recognition of the limits of narrative; how it attends to relationality; and how the concept may afford unique insights for service development. Dying from cancer and surviving cancer are different processes, but total pain can serve as a useful conceptual compass to orient our understandings of those who experience this illness, regardless of disease outcome.

Cecilie Ellefsen

The article explores how a work of fiction can contribute to a social work reflection on the helping process and the challenging task of seeing the Other. The article has an interdisciplinary purpose and aims at creating a dialogue between social work discourse and the language of fiction. An argument is made that narratives, language and ethics are intertwined and to some extend transcends boundaries between literature and social work discourse. The fiction of choice is Tale of troubled times (original title Tung tids tale) by the Norwegian author Olaug Nilssen. Selected passages from the novel are analyzed through different theoretical lenses, highlighting the importance of narrative framing for social work ethics. Finally, the concept of institutional identities is suggested as the most fruitful approach, giving the professional conduct in the novel an institutional origin.    

Vladislav Mikhailov, Petter Mæhlum, Victoria Ovedie Chruickshank Langø et al.

This paper introduces a new suite of question answering datasets for Norwegian; NorOpenBookQA, NorCommonSenseQA, NorTruthfulQA, and NRK-Quiz-QA. The data covers a wide range of skills and knowledge domains, including world knowledge, commonsense reasoning, truthfulness, and knowledge about Norway. Covering both of the written standards of Norwegian - Bokmål and Nynorsk - our datasets comprise over 10k question-answer pairs, created by native speakers. We detail our dataset creation approach and present the results of evaluating 11 language models (LMs) in zero- and few-shot regimes. Most LMs perform better in Bokmål than Nynorsk, struggle most with commonsense reasoning, and are often untruthful in generating answers to questions. All our datasets and annotation materials are publicly available.

Verena Blaschke, Felicia Körner, Barbara Plank

Slot and intent detection (SID) is a classic natural language understanding task. Despite this, research has only more recently begun focusing on SID for dialectal and colloquial varieties. Many approaches for low-resource scenarios have not yet been applied to dialectal SID data, or compared to each other on the same datasets. We participate in the VarDial 2025 shared task on slot and intent detection in Norwegian varieties, and compare multiple set-ups: varying the training data (English, Norwegian, or dialectal Norwegian), injecting character-level noise, training on auxiliary tasks, and applying Layer Swapping, a technique in which layers of models fine-tuned on different datasets are assembled into a model. We find noise injection to be beneficial while the effects of auxiliary tasks are mixed. Though some experimentation was required to successfully assemble a model from layers, it worked surprisingly well; a combination of models trained on English and small amounts of dialectal data produced the most robust slot predictions. Our best models achieve 97.6% intent accuracy and 85.6% slot F1 in the shared task.

Hugo Rodrigues de Brito, Daniel Simon Baltensperger, Kjetil Obstfelder Uhlen

This work presents a framework for dynamic performance assessment of the higher layers in the hierarchical voltage regulation scheme, with case studies applied to specific areas of the Norwegian grid. Unlike the primary (PVR) level, the secondary (SVR) and tertiary (TVR) levels are not tuned to a single device at a time, handling instead several reactive power resources available within a control zone including generator units, static VAr compensators and others. Proper SVR-TVR coordination for realistic transmission systems is a challenging topic at the core of many ongoing discussions in voltage control literature. Special focus is placed on practical considerations from the system operator perspective, since this research is also aimed at simplifying daily control centre routines. Dynamic simulation results concern a 21-bus equivalent of a 132 kV network model that accurately represents a Norwegian grid subsystem. Case studies address daily grid operation with real-life load demand and wind power generation profiles, showing that the proposed strategy is effective not only to minimize total active power losses as much as possible within system-wide limitations, but also to maintain adequate voltage profiles and reactive power flows. Findings pertaining to this work showcase the benefits of applying hierarchical voltage regulation layers as an asset to day-to-day control center management of a realistic transmission network.

Debora Firmino de Souza, Sonia Sousa, Kadri Kristjuhan-Ling et al.

The Industry 5.0 transition highlights EU efforts to design intelligent devices that can work alongside humans to enhance human capabilities, and such vision aligns with user preferences and needs to feel safe while collaborating with such systems take priority. This demands a human-centric research vision and requires a societal and educational shift in how we perceive technological advancements. To better understand this perspective, we conducted a systematic literature review focusing on understanding how trust and trustworthiness can be key aspects of supporting this move towards Industry 5.0. This review aims to overview the most common methodologies and measurements and collect insights about barriers and facilitators for fostering trustworthy HRI. After a rigorous quality assessment following the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using rigorous inclusion criteria and screening by at least two reviewers, 34 articles were included in the review. The findings underscores the significance of trust and safety as foundational elements for promoting secure and trustworthy human-machine cooperation. Confirm that almost 30% of the revised articles do not present a definition of trust, which can be problematic as this lack of conceptual clarity can undermine research efforts in addressing this problem from a central perspective. It highlights that the choice of domain and area of application should influence the choice of methods and approaches to fostering trust in HRI, as those choices can significantly affect user preferences and their perceptions and assessment of robot capabilities. Additionally, this lack of conceptual clarity can be a potential barrier to fostering trust in HRI and explains the sometimes contradictory findings or choice of methods and instruments used to investigate trust in robots and other autonomous systems in the literature.

Arun T. M., Puneet Kaur, Stefano Bresciani et al.

Area of Marketing and Strategy, Indian Institute of Management Rohtak, Rohtak, India Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Department of Management, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Faculty of Social Sciences, The Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Stavanger, Norway Department of Management, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway

Hilde Hofslundsengen, Lisbeth Ljosdal Skreland, Marit Bøe et al.

Doktoravhandlinger er sentrale forskningsbidrag som kan videreutvikle kunnskap for barnehagefeltet. Hensikten med denne litteraturgjennomgangen er å få oversikt over trender innen barnehageforskning. Mer presist, hvilke metodiske tilnærminger som har blitt brukt i doktoravhandlinger og hvilke temaer som har blitt prioritert. Vi søkte i Cristin etter doktoravhandlinger, og supplert med Google-søk og snøballmetoden. Det endelige utvalget bestod av 109 avhandlinger. Mellom 9 og 11 avhandlinger har blitt godkjent årlig i perioden, hvorav flesteparten av avhandlingene har vært artikkelbaserte. Resultatene viste at kvalitativt design ble brukt i 78 av avhandlingene, med observasjon og intervju som typiske datainnsamlingsmetoder. Kvantitativt design ble brukt i 17 avhandlinger og flermetodisk design i 14. Utvalget var oftest barnehagelærer (88) og/eller barnehagebarn (77). Flesteparten av doktorandene (96) var kvinner. Rundt halvparten (59) av doktorandene hadde selv barnehagelærerutdanning, noe som tyder på at mye av avhandlingsarbeidet har et innenfra-perspektiv. Vi identifiserte 13 temaer, hvor fagområder fra rammeplanen som forskningsfokus, overordnet profesjonspraksis og inkludering, mangfold og spesialpedagogikk var hyppigst undersøkt, mens temaene vitenskapelige metoder og barnehagelærerutdanningen var minst undersøkt. Samlet etterlyses økt metodevariasjon og flere studier hvor de yngste barna, foreldre og/eller styrerne inngår i utvalget. ENGLISH ABSTRACT Research Trends in Norwegian Doctoral Theses within the ECEC Field: A Literature Review from 2012 to 2022 Doctoral theses are central research contributions that can develop new and improved knowledge for the field of early childhood education and care (ECEC). Hence, this literature review aims to get an overview of trends in ECEC research. More precisely, we have investigated which methodological approaches have been used in doctoral theses in Norway and what research themes have been prioritized. We searched Cristin for doctoral dissertations, supplemented by Google searches and the snowball method. The final selection consisted of 109 theses. Between 9 and 11 theses have been approved annually during the period, most of which were article-based. The results showed that qualitative design was used in 78 of the theses, with observation and interview as typical data collection methods. A quantitative design was used in 17 theses and a multi-method design in 14. The participants were most often ECEC teachers (88) and/or ECEC children (77). Most of the doctoral students (96) were female. Around half (59) of the doctoral students had ECEC teacher training (bachelor’s degree), suggesting that much of the dissertation work has an inside perspective. We identified 13 themes across the included thesis, where subject areas from the framework plan as research focus, general professional practice, and inclusion, diversity, and special needs education were the most frequently investigated, while the themes scientific methods and ECEC teacher training were the least investigated. There is a call for increased method variation and more studies where the youngest children, parents, and/or managers are included as participants in the research. 

Wenlong Hou, Xiaoliang Li, Yan Wen et al.

This study analyzes 1643 documents related to skiing from 1974 to 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database, employing CiteSpace and VOSviewer for quantitative analysis. Findings reveal a growing literature output, with the past five years contributing to 36.2 % of publications. Norway leads in total publications and collaboration intensity, with the University of Salzburg and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology as prominent institutions. The research spans a wide range of disciplines such as Sport Sciences, Physiology, etc., and interdisciplinary intersections with engineering, computer science, etc. have become a future research trend. The research focuses on the analysis of skiers' sports performance, the analysis of skiing-induced sports injuries, the biomechanical analysis of skiers' postures, and the analysis of skiing-induced respiratory diseases. The study highlights the evolution of research focus from skiing injuries to injury prevention and sports performance enhancement. This comprehensive overview aids scholars in understanding skiing research hotspots and future trends efficiently.

Pernille Meyer

I denne artikel analyserer jeg Niviaq Korneliussens behandling af den aktuelle grønlandske selvmordsproblematik i romanen Blomsterdalen (2020). Romanen er – efter forfatterens eget udsagn – «politisk», hvilket rejser en række spørgsmål: Hvorfor skrive en roman i stedet for et debatindlæg? Hvad er det for mulighedsrum, fiktionen åbner? Og på hvilke – og anderledes – måder kan en roman være med til at diskutere og nuancere politiske, kulturelle og menneskelige forhold? Med afsæt i retorisk fiktionalitetsteori fokuserer jeg på Korneliussens brug af lokal fiktionalitet i form af dødsrepræsentationer, komposition og pronominale skift og viser, hvordan hun, bl.a. gennem romanens nedtællingsspor, fremskriver perspektiver, der synes utilgængelige uden for litteraturens verden.

Per Esben Svelstad

Nurshat Fateh Ali, Md. Mahdi Mohtasim, Shakil Mosharrof et al.

This research presents and compares multiple approaches to automate the generation of literature reviews using several Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with a Large Language Model (LLM). The ever-increasing number of research articles provides a huge challenge for manual literature review. It has resulted in an increased demand for automation. Developing a system capable of automatically generating the literature reviews from only the PDF files as input is the primary objective of this research work. The effectiveness of several Natural Language Processing (NLP) strategies, such as the frequency-based method (spaCy), the transformer model (Simple T5), and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with Large Language Model (GPT-3.5-turbo), is evaluated to meet the primary objective. The SciTLDR dataset is chosen for this research experiment and three distinct techniques are utilized to implement three different systems for auto-generating the literature reviews. The ROUGE scores are used for the evaluation of all three systems. Based on the evaluation, the Large Language Model GPT-3.5-turbo achieved the highest ROUGE-1 score, 0.364. The transformer model comes in second place and spaCy is at the last position. Finally, a graphical user interface is created for the best system based on the large language model.

Javier de la Rosa, Vladislav Mikhailov, Lemei Zhang et al.

The use of copyrighted materials in training language models raises critical legal and ethical questions. This paper presents a framework for and the results of empirically assessing the impact of publisher-controlled copyrighted corpora on the performance of generative large language models (LLMs) for Norwegian. When evaluated on a diverse set of tasks, we found that adding both books and newspapers to the data mixture of LLMs tend to improve their performance, while the addition of fiction works seems to be detrimental. Our experiments could inform the creation of a compensation scheme for authors whose works contribute to AI development.

Hans‐Martin Straume, F. Asche, Atle Oglend et al.

A rapidly growing literature investigates how the recent Covid-19 pandemic has affected international seafood trade along multiple dimensions, creating opportunities as well as challenges. This suggests that many of the impacts of the Covid measures are subtle and require disaggregated data to allow the impacts in different supply chains to be teased out. In aggregate, Norwegian salmon exports have not been significantly impacted by Covid-related measures. Using firm-level data to all export destinations to examine the effects of lockdowns in different destination countries in 2020, we show that the Covid-related lockdown measures significantly impacted trade patterns for four product forms of salmon. The results also illustrate how the Covid measures create opportunities, as increased stringency of the measures increased trade for two of the product forms. We also find significant differences among firms' responses, with large firms with larger trade networks reacting more strongly to the Covid measures. The limited overall impacts and the significant dynamics at the firm level clearly show the resiliency of the salmon supply chains.

Raluca-Daniela DUINEA

Jan Erik VOLD (b. 1939) is a prominent literary and public figure of the Norwegian literary and cultural space of the 1960s. And he is “still at work. […] Because if I didn’t, there would be one voice missing”, as the poet himself stated in the introduction of the first Norwegian-Romanian bilingual anthology of poetry entitled Briskeby blues, published at Casa Cărții de Știință Publishing House, in 2023, with the financial support of Norwegian Literature Abroad (NORLA).

Diana CIOT-MONDA

Jon FOSSE, born in 1959 in Strandebarm in the Hardanger region, is a Norwegian dramatist, prose writer and poet and is considered one of the most important contemporary writers. In 2015 he won the Nordic Council for Literature Grand Prize and in 2022 he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. He writes in Nynorsk, one of Norway's official written languages, and his works have been translated into more than 50 languages, including Romanian. Internationally known especially for his plays, Jon Fosse and some of his writings are also studied at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature.

Goran Petrevski

This paper surveys the empirical literature of inflation targeting. The main findings from our review are the following: there is robust empirical evidence that larger and more developed countries are more likely to adopt the IT regime; the introduction of this regime is conditional on previous disinflation, greater exchange rate flexibility, central bank independence, and higher level of financial development; the empirical evidence has failed to provide convincing evidence that IT itself may serve as an effective tool for stabilizing inflation expectations and for reducing inflation persistence; the empirical research focused on advanced economies has failed to provide convincing evidence on the beneficial effects of IT on inflation performance, while there is some evidence that the gains from the IT regime may have been more prevalent in the emerging market economies; there is not convincing evidence that IT is associated with either higher output growth or lower output variability; the empirical research suggests that IT may have differential effects on exchange-rate volatility in advanced economies versus EMEs; although the empirical evidence on the impact of IT on fiscal policy is quite limited, it supports the idea that IT indeed improves fiscal discipline; the empirical support to the proposition that IT is associated with lower disinflation costs seems to be rather weak. Therefore, the accumulated empirical literature implies that IT does not produce superior macroeconomic benefits in comparison with the alternative monetary strategies or, at most, they are quite modest.

F. Asche, Hans‐Martin Straume, T. Garlock et al.

A rapidly growing literature shows that COVID-19 and the measures to contain the spread of the virus can have significant market impacts for seafood. These can be interruptions of production, or reductions in demand directly or indirectly due to supply chain challenges. In this paper we investigate the potential impacts of COVID-19 on seafood exports from Norway, the world's second largest seafood exporter, using highly detailed data from 2016 through May 2021. These data allow us to assess upstream impacts in the seafood supply chain close to the producer level in aggregate and by main sector, impacts on the largest products, and the extent to which export firm structure and export markets served have changed. We find very few impacts in aggregate as well as for individual products, suggesting that the markets and supply chains used by Norwegian seafood exports were sufficiently robust and flexible to accommodate the shocks created by COVID-19. Given Norway's size as a seafood exporter, the impact of COVID-19 has likely been moderate upstreams for a number of seafood sectors around the world, especially those in wealthy nations, with opportunities balancing out challenges, and that the supply chains have been highly resilient.