This essay employs a broad historical approach to complexify common narratives around the treatment of queer people within the early Soviet Union. By examining how structures of control surrounding, and competing conceptions of, factors such as modernity, sexuality, race, location and gender intersect, it challenges notions of a decline from liberatory post-revolutionary policy into oppressive Stalinist policy. It also reveals a more nuanced picture of the treatment of queer people in the Soviet Union, one which highlights the variety of ways in which queer expression was legalised, medicalised, and criminalised, and the resulting plurality of queer experience during this period. As an essay centred on the experiences of queer people, it also serves to prevent the all too common erasure of queer people from historical narratives, which is essential to creating a nuanced historical tradition that itself challenges misconceptions of the nature and existence of queer people.
Las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y Pakistán alcanzaron su punto más bajo durante los años de la administración Carter (1977-1981). Decidido a poner los derechos humanos y la lucha contra la proliferación nuclear en el centro de su política exterior, Carter colisionó de inmediato con la determinación de las autoridades pakistaníes a no ceder a las nuevas exigencias de Washington. El idealismo de Carter pretendía enterrar el realismo de Nixon y Kissinger y abrir un nuevo capítulo en la relación de Estados Unidos con el mundo. La invasión soviética de Afganistán, sin embargo, propició un giro abrupto en la agenda de Carter y reforzó la posición de Islamabad en su relación con Washington.
History (General) and history of Europe, History (General)
Telling the story of the 1992 crisis exposes to a risk: knowing its epilogue, thus falling into the temptation of searching for the symptoms that heralded said crisis and the causes that explain the subsequent events. Indeed, to this day, a historiographical orientation exists that has mainly highlighted the contradictions produced by a sedimentation of degenerative elements in the decades prior to the breaking out of Tangentopoli. The objective of the present contribution is to propose a reinterpretation of those events, not exclusively as the product of concatenations of causes prior to 1992, but also by investigating the conflictual dynamics of the time, primarily generated by the players directly involved in the public and media space: magistrates, journalists, entrepreneurs and the emerging political forces. Without following the thread of the power clashes during the unfolding of Mani pulite (Clean Hands), one may fail to understand the motivations of said players and the driving forces that took part in the process, as well as the dynamics that significantly conditioned the circumstances of the time, and therefore the subsequent relapses.
<p><span>This article addresses the issue of shipping trade between the American ports of the Philadelphia district and those of New England with Spain, during the turbulent years of the late eighteenth century. First, the US consular network in Spain is analyzed, which seems to depend on the perception that merchants and captains had about its usefulness. Subsequently, the analysis of the movement of ships to and from Spanish ports, the usual routes used by this traffic and the merchandise object of this trade are addressed. An exhaustive examination of the investigated sources is also made, especially the documentation of the American customs, along with commercial correspondence and the press.</span></p>
The paper assesses vulnerability of the EU exports to Ukraine to the current COVID-19 pandemic, which became the major challenge for societies and economies. The main current trends affecting the bilateral trade are discussed. A regression analysis is used to estimate the effects of demand and supply shocks, and changes in price competitiveness. The EU exports of fuels and road vehicles are the most sensitive to changes in the Ukraine's GDP, the exports of chemical products and telecommunication equipment - to devaluation of hryvnia. The most resilient EU exports to Ukraine included medicinal and pharmaceutical products, beverages and tobacco. The changes in consumption patterns under the quarantine measures also favoured stability of food and IT-services exports. The post-factum verification of results with the resent data confirmed most sector-specific effects. On average the EU exports to Ukraine turned out to be more resilient than to other countries.
The aim of this study was to analyse print production in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in order to elucidate an intentional strategy on the part of the political and religious authorities in the city of León aimed at disseminating an idealised vision of its past, in the context of the development of local history in Early Modern Spain. The religious authorities sought to vindicate the antiquity of the Church in León by portraying it in the distant times of Roman persecution. Meanwhile, the political authorities aimed to consolidate the idea of León as the origin of the Catholic Monarchy, depicting the mediaeval León monarchs as responsible for the future glories of the Crown. These images were propagated not only through the medium of print, but also through the annual calendar of religious and civic holidays.
Antonio Henrique Seixas de Oliveira, Diana de Souza Pinto
As bandas filarmônicas são das manifestações culturais mais significativas na vida social portuguesa, sobretudo, nas regiões centro e norte do país (Granjo, 2005). Observa-se que, no contexto do associativismo migrante, o elo de memória com a tradição e os costumes portugueses é estabelecido nas celebrações e instituições criadas pelos migrantes que constituem lugares de memória (Nora, 1993) nos quais as representações simbólicas e ritualizações portuguesas são materializadas, dentre elas, as bandas filarmônicas, objeto deste estudo de doutoramento com foco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Investigamos a atividade filarmônica de migrantes portugueses inicialmente naquela cidade e, em numa perspectiva sincrônica, o fizemos em escala planetária nos séculos XX e XXI. Desenvolvemos extensa revisão de literatura sobre migração portuguesa, pesquisa em periódicos locais e na Internet e contatamos músicos e dirigentes associativos no Rio de Janeiro, Estados Unidos, Canadá e Venezuela. Neste artigo, discutimos a distribuição das bandas filarmônicas portuguesas em atividade na diáspora da migração portuguesa nas Américas articulando-a aos fluxos migratórios que lhes deram origem. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, por exemplo, existem atualmente duas bandas filarmônicas portuguesasem atividade – a Banda Portugal e a Banda Irmãos Pepino, fundadas, respectivamente, em 1921 e 1958. Todavia, a pesquisa realizada nos periódicos locais revelou que diversos grupos congêneres foram criados e encerraram suas atividades nesta cidade como a Banda do Centro Musical da Colônia Portuguesa (1920-1930), a Banda Lusitana (1923-1998) e a Banda União Portuguesa (1924-1929).
Palavras-chave: Bandas Filarmônicas. Portugal. Migração. Américas. Memória.
En moltes ocasions els estudis de l’Espill de Jaume Roig s’han centrat exclusivament en els aspectes misògins de l’obra, la qual cosa ha impedit aprofundir en altres aspectes que, en certa mesura, poden fins i tot alleugerir aquesta càrrega. És per això que ens proposem, en primer lloc, situar l’autor valencià en el nou paradigma teòric de la formació escolàstica, i, en segon lloc, comprovar en quin grau els coneixement teòrics d’aquesta formació, molt presents en l’Espill, contribueixen o no a una relectura menys connotada de l’obra. In many cases, studies on the Espill of Jaume Roig focused exclusively on the misogynist aspects of the work, which has prevented further other aspects that, maybe, may alleviate this burden. That is why we propose, first, to locate the Valencian author on the new theoretical paradigm of scholastic education, and secondly, check the extent to which knowledge of the theoretical training, present in the Espill: that will contribute or not to rreading the work less connoted.
James Knirk kommenterte i førre CM artikkelen min i nummer 22 om Sigurd Jarlssons runeinnskrift, og eg sende ein svarreplikk til redaksjonen i vinter. Seinare har så Sverre Bagge skrive den artikkelen som står på dei føregåande sidene, og redaksjonen gav meg raust høve til å kommentere Bagge også.
Eg har valt å gjere det slik at eg lét svaret til Knirk stå uendra som del I av dette innlegget, slik eg hadde skrive det før eg visste om Bagges artikkel, og så føyer eg til ein kortare del II der eg kommenterer nokre moment hos Bagge og oppsummerer.
La historiografía tardó en tomar conciencia de la verdadera importancia del problema de la limpieza de sangre en la España moderna. El asunto fue desvirtuado en el siglo XVIII y prácticamente olvidado en el XIX y primera mitad del XX.
Article in español, abstracts in englisch, español and german.In Latin America, Alexander von Humboldt was and is known as one of the most famous historic and literary figures; in his own country, though, the acquaintance with his texts has until the 80s been reduced to groups of specialized scholars. Yet, for a couple of years, a growing interest in the works of Humboldt can be noticed, based on numerous new editions, which have been published since. Among others, these are the new edition of the Relation historique (1991), the editions of the „Humboldt Project“ (2004-2006) as part of the „Andere Bibliothek“, as well as current projects on German editions concerning Asie Centrale and the Examen critique.