Hasil untuk "Mathematical geography. Cartography"

Sante Francesco Rende

The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) is leading a nationwide initiative to map and restore seagrass meadows under the Marine Ecosystem Restoration (MER) project. This effort addresses the alarming decline of Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa habitats, which are critical for carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and coastal resilience. The MER project’s mapping component, executed by Fugro and Compagnia Generale Ripreseaeree (CGR), in partnership with EOMAP – a Fugro company, and PlanBlue, employed a multi-sensor approach, combining satellite, airborne, vessel-based (high-resolution multibeam), and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technologies. The integration of bathymetric LiDAR, multibeam, optical and multispectral data allowed continuous bathymetric coverage from the coastline to 50 metre depth. The Virgeo® platform, specifically developed by Fugro, facilitated real-time monitoring of acquisitions and data collected by ships and aircraft engaged in the surveys. This integrated approach provided a robust baseline for restoration planning and long-term monitoring, offering a scalable, cost-effective solution for national marine habitat assessments. The Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) MER project was funded by MASE, coordinated by ISPRA and scientifically supported by Italian research institutes and universities (CNR-IGAG, IIM, Sapienza, INGV, PoliMi, UniPd, UniGe).

Chuanbao Jing, Weiqi Zhou, Yan Lin et al.

Accurate and high-resolution urban activity information is essential for quantitatively estimating Sustainable Development Goal 11, but is unavailable. We examined the capacity and limitation of the Sustainable Development Science Satellite−1 nighttime light (SDGSAT−1 GLI NTL) data in capturing the spatial extent and intensity of human activity in two Chinese megacities using mobile phone data. Key findings: (1) Lit areas highly overlap with human activity areas but are smaller. Over 92.62% of lit areas are occupied by humans. Only a minor population (<2.15%) lived in unlit areas, despite these areas accounting for over 20.01% of human activity areas, as revealed by the panchromatic band. Additionally, the NTL better identifies activity areas related to young and middle-aged adults and working and residential populations than those related to older adults and tourists. (2) The intensity relationships between NTL data and population are highly spatially heterogeneous, with weak global but strong local correlations. When accounting for land use, correlation remarkably improved, with an R2 value of even 0.85. (3) Notably, the correlation increased from fine to coarse resolution. In summary, NTL data effectively capture the spatial extent and intensity of urban human activity, especially when considering land use, but its limitations should be noted.

Yi-Jie Wang, Cheng-Zhi Qin, Peng Liang et al.

ABSTRACTSpatial prediction is essential for obtaining the spatial distribution of geographic variables and selecting appropriate covariates for this process can be challenging, especially for non-expert users. For easing the burden of selecting the appropriate covariates, two case-based reasoning strategies, namely the most-similar-case and covariate-classification strategies, have been proposed for automated covariate selection. The former may suggest nonessential covariates due to its case-level reasoning way. And the latter with covariate-level reasoning may overlook related covariates and recommend fewer covariates than the case-level reasoning. In this study, we propose a new strategy of integrating case-level and covariate-level reasoning to effectively leverage the strengths of both previous strategies while also addressing their limitations. The proposed strategy is validated through a case study of automatically selecting covariates for digital soil mapping under reasoning with a case base containing 189 cases. The leave-one-out evaluation demonstrated that our proposed strategy outperformed the previous two strategies.

Te Han, Yuqi Tang, Yuzeng Chen et al.

ABSTRACTMultimodal change detection (MCD) combines multiple remote sensing data sources to realize surface change monitoring, which is essential for disaster evaluation and environmental monitoring. However, due to the ‘incomparable’ features in multimodal data, traditional change detection methods for unimodal (homogenous) data no longer apply. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel MCD method with global structure graph mapping (GSGM) which extracts the ‘comparable’ structural features between multimodal datasets and constructs a global structure graph (GSG) to express the structure information for each of the multi-temporal images, which are then cross-mapped to the other data domain. The change intensity (CI) is determined by measuring the change of GSGs after mapping and the differences between GSGs and mapped GSGs. The forward and backward CI maps (CIMs) are then fused with the latent low-rank representation method (LLRR), and the change map (CM) is obtained by threshold segmentation. Experiments on five multimodal and four unimodal datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method (source code is made available at https://github.com/rshante0426/GSGM).

Xinrui Wang, Rui Jin, Weizhen Wang et al.

ABSTRACTLake distribution on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is extensive, and lake area changes are key indicators of the TP's climate change response. Many multisource remote sensing big data for the TP, particularly optical images, are unusable due to cloud cover. Therefore, an improved isobath interpolation-based lake area extraction method is proposed and applied to obtain annual average lake areas (≥ 50 km²) on the TP from 1986 to 2020 using remote sensing big data. The lake area result accuracy was verified using existing lake area and level datasets, yielding correlation coefficients of ∼0.9. The change points and segmented trends of each lake's interannual area sequence were obtained. The relationships between lake area and climatic variables were investigated. The positive accumulation of the total precipitation minus total evaporation explains the overall lake area expansion trend after 1995. The exorheic lake interannual area is related to precipitation more than that of endorheic lakes, but endorheic lake area changes are stronger. The shrinking of lakes on the southern TP may not be climate-driven but probably attributed to lake bottom leakage. We explore detailed interannual variation characteristics of lake areas on the TP and provide reference data for studying lake responses to climate change.

Zhaomin Tong, Yi Zhu, Ziyi Zhang et al.

ABSTRACTThe dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation. However, higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between supply and demand during daily operation, especially around the metro stations. A stable and efficient rebalancing model requires spatio-temporal usage patterns as fundamental inputs. Therefore, understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and correlates is important for optimizing and rescheduling bike-sharing systems. This study proposed a dynamic time warping distance-based two-dimensional clustering method to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of dockless shared bikes in Wuhan and further applied the multiclass explainable boosting machine to explore the main related factors of these patterns. The results found six patterns on weekdays and four patterns on weekends. Three patterns show the imbalance of arrival and departure flow in the morning and evening peak hours, while these phenomena become less intensive on weekends. Road density, living service facility density and residential density are the top influencing factors on both weekdays and weekends, which means that the comprehensive impact of built-up environment attraction, facility suitability and riding demand leads to the different usage patterns. The nonlinear influence universally exists, and the probability of a certain pattern varies in different value ranges of variables. When the densities of living facilities and roads are moderate and the relationship between job and housing is relatively balanced, it can effectively promote the balanced usage of dockless shared bikes while maintaining high riding flow. The spatio-temporal patterns can identify the associated problems such as imbalance or lack of users, which could be mitigated by corresponding solutions. The relative importance and nonlinear effects help planners prioritize strategies and identify effective ranges on different patterns to promote the usage and efficiency of the bike-sharing system.

Yuying Wu, Yijing Li

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the police intervention strategy “Hot spots policing” has been effective in combating crimes. However, as cities are under the intense pressure of increasing crime and scarce police resources, police patrols are expected to target more accurately at finer geographic units rather than ballpark “hot spot” areas. This study aims to develop an algorithm using geographic information to detect crime patterns at street level, the so-called “hot street”, to further assist the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in capturing crime change and transitive moments efficiently. The algorithm applies Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique onto street networks, rather than traditional areal units, in one case study borough in London; it then maps the detected crime “hot streets” by crime type. It was found that the algorithm could successfully generate “hot street” maps for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), enabling more effective allocation of police patrolling; and bear enough resilience itself for the Strategic Crime Analysis (SCA) team’s sustainable utilization, by either updating the inputs with latest data or modifying the model parameters (i.e. the kernel function, and the range of spillover). Moreover, this study explores contextual characteristics of crime “hot streets” by applying various regression models, in recognition of the best fitted Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, encompassing eight significant contextual factors with their varied effects on crimes at different streets. Having discussed the impact of lockdown on crime rates, it was apparent that the land-use driven mobility change during lockdown was a fundamental reason for changes in crime. Overall, these research findings have provided evidence and practical suggestions for crime prevention to local governors and policy practitioners, through more optimal urban planning (e.g. Low Traffic Neighborhoods), proactive policing (e.g. in the listed top 10 “Hot Streets” of crime), publicizing of laws and regulations, and installations of security infrastructures (e.g. CCTV cameras and traffic signals).

Attilio Selvini

The technique of surveying cultural heritage, like this as in general the topographical one linked to the ground, it profoundly changed between the end of twentieth century and the emergence of the new millennium. Everything has changed, from the measuring instruments to the means of calculation, both by now indissolubly related to electronics and information technology. The present author had the fortune of live all the corresponding transformations either from the operational side as well as from the cultural and research, as a university professor of disciplines geomatics, or topography, photogrammetry and cartography. The latest news, in order of time, is the strong transformation of photogrammetry, which as an auxiliary means for production cartographic as it was born, about a century and half ago, it has now become a multifaceted technique indispensable both in land surveying and cultural heritage.

Petr Kubíček, Milan Konečný, Zdeněk Stachoň et al.

Population distribution modelling can benefit many different domains, for example, transportation, urban planning, ecology or emergency management. Information about the location and number of people in an affected area is crucial for decision-makers during emergencies and crises. Mobile phone data represents relatively reliable and time accurate information on real-time population distribution, movement and behaviour. In this study, we evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of population derived from phone data of the selected pilot area (City of Brno, Czech Republic). Analysis is based on the dataset describing the estimated human presence (EHP) with two values – visitors and transiting persons. The temporal change of data is first analysed and further processed using two methodological approaches. First, the dasymetric method is used where the building geometry and technical attributes served as a target layer. Second, the results of building level analysis are transformed into a regular grid zone of both visitors and the general EHP. Resulting spatio-temporal patterns are compared to the census data. Results demonstrate how the proposed building level dasymetric approach can improve the spatial granularity of EHP. Potential use of proposed methodology within selected emergency situations is further discussed.

Miljenko Lapaine

The Act on the State Survey and Cadastre of Real Estates was published in the Official Gazette (112/2017) on 14 December 2018. The Act regulates the state survey, cadastre of real estates, infrastructure cadastre, registry of buildings, registry of spatial units, registry of geographic names, the appropriate competences for tasks related to these, the performance of these tasks, the tasks of the State Geodetic Administration, the storage and use of data, and supervision of tasks regulated by the Act.

Luca Caneparo, Davide Rolfo

Il paper si focalizza sullo studio delle possibilità di intervento sugli spazi pubblici e privati all’interno del tessuto urbano, considerati come un tutt’uno interconnesso, impiegando la leva di finanziamenti volti all’efficientamento energetico. A oggi, la maggior parte del tessuto costruito in Europa e negli USA non è mai stato soggetto di processi di riqualificazione energetica, presentando quindi caratteristiche inadeguate. Per affrontare questo tema attraverso la riqualificazione energetica sono stati sviluppati diversi strumenti finanziari basati sul principio di recuperare il capitale investito tramite i risparmi sulle bollette dell’energia; il paper analizzerà alcuni di questi strumenti considerati emergenti nell’attuale contesto. Verranno inoltre considerate le ricedute che l’insieme di questi interventi può generare nel tessuto della città nel suo insieme alimentando lo sviluppo urbano, valorizzando specifiche culture delle comunità e dei luoghi, intrecciando e ibridando urbanità e aspetti naturali.

Fabrizio Bernardini

E' tempo di GPS!

Kapinos N.

Land Fund in Ukraine is experiencing excessive human impact, which is reflected in its performance exceeding the allowable agricultural development and land structure imbalance. The environmental condition of land resources close to critical. Among the largest land area occupied by agricultural land (71% of which - 76% is arable land). Violation environmentally acceptable ratio of arable land, natural grasslands and forests negatively affected the sustainability of agricultural landscapes. Throughout the widespread land degradation processes, among which the most ambitious is the erosion (about 57.5% of the territory), pollution (20% of the territory), flooding (about 12% of the territory). Sustainable (balanced) land is one of the key factors of sustainable nature of territorial entities and may be formed of a priority, taking into account environmental factors. In ecological optimization based on value criteria ekolohostabilizuyuchyh and anthropogenic pressures lands should necessarily provide for withdrawal of intensive land use, which in its modal properties can not ensure sustainability of land use. However, today in Ukraine within the territories of communities no project development to optimize land use on the basis of sustainable development. Accordingly, the purpose of the article was the study of certain aspects of Land Management sustainable development of agricultural land within the territories of local communities. The current structure of the land fund of Ukraine was actually formed in the Soviet period, under the influence of policies of extensive agricultural development. Violation environmentally acceptable ratio of arable land, natural grasslands and forests negatively affected the stability and condition of land, which is confirmed by relevant research. In such circumstances, balancing the land proposed to carry out in two stages - the ecological and economic. In ecological optimization criteria based on land value necessarily should include withdrawal from intensive land use, which in its modal properties can not ensure sustainability of land use. In this respect, proposed to use as a criterion factor environmental sustainability of land use and anthropogenic load factor. Assessing the impact of land in the sustainability area council, which depends on the stability of agricultural development area, and tillage intensity of land, construction work is characterized by a coefficient of environmental sustainability of land use. Proved that the crucial part of the ecological optimization of land use on the territory of local communities is a balanced structure of land on the basis of ecologically appropriate use. It is important that quality indicators improve the structure of agricultural land in the optimization occurs within the environmental feasibility, increases the stability of land use and contributes to sustainable and balanced agrolandscapes territory. Economic optimization based on the requirements of the environmental is the next stage will determine on the basis of performance indicators such structure of land crops, which will be harmonized achieved high performance, yield and profitability management.

Livio Mandrile

Le tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione consentono di affrontare la reingegnerizzazione dei processi amministrativi attraverso servizi informatici definiti “di cooperazione applicativa”, aprendo nuove prospettive per semplificare il rapporto fra cittadino e Pubbliche Amministrazioni e agevolare lo scambio di documenti e informazioni. Il MUDE Piemonte – modello unico digitale per l’edilizia - è un sistema informativo realizzato attraverso la collaborazione di tutti i livelli di governo del territorio regionale, che crea un archivio digitale delle pratiche edilizie presentate allo Sportello per l’Edilizia, utilizzando il mezzo telematico per l’interazione fra professionista e Pubblica Amministrazione e l’interscambio informativo fra le banche dati amministrative. Il MUDE Piemonte è un sistema che realizza un ambiente operativo di fruizione / aggiornamento della base di dati territoriali ed amministrativi ad uso di più soggetti ed enti e in costante evoluzione in ragione dell’apporto progettuale offerto da tutti gli attori coinvolti nei procedimenti autorizzativi edilizi.

Andrea Faccioli, Marco Fumanti

Grazie alla geomatica e alle tecnologie più avanzate è stato ricostruito in poche ore un rilievo tridimensionale - sopra e sott’acqua - dello scafo e del fondale relativo al naufragio della nave Costa Concordia utilizzando un sonar Multibeam Reson 7125 e un laser scanner Optech ILRIS HD con interventi condotti in condizioni di estrema sicurezza, garantendo la protezione sia dei soccorritori che del delicato ambiente naturale.   Geomatics assists early intervention on the Costa Concordia Thanks to the Geomatics, the Costa Concordia operations are conducted in conditions of extreme security to protect both the lives of rescue workers and the delicate environment.All technologies involved (Lidar, Multibeam, GNSS, INS, ecc…), while having a primary role in real life, have always worked quietly behind the scenes.

Cláudio Clemente Faria Barbosa, Evlyn Márcia Leão de Moraes Novo, John M. Melack et al.

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para processamento e utilização de dados batimétricos de alta resolução, coletados com o ecobatimetro - Lowrance- modelo 480M, em áreas inundáveis da planície do rio Amazonas. Imagens TM/Landsat foram utilizadas como suporte ao planejamento e execução do levantamento batimétrico. Um conjunto de 4600 km lineares de transectos gerados durante o levantamento, foi submetido a uma seqüência semi-automática de processamento, e o resultado integrado a uma base de dados georreferenciada. Um modelo de elevação digital com resolução horizontal de 15 metros e resolução vertical de 1 centímetro foi gerado para a planície. A dinâmica de área inundada e de volume de água armazenado na planície foi avaliada a partir destes dados. Modelos de regressão para estimativa de área inundada e de volume armazenado na planície, a partir no nível de água, foram construídos. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que a informação de nível de água e área inundada mapeada a partir de imagens são um bom "proxy" para a estimativa do volume de água armazenado na planície do Lago Grande de Curuai.

W. Salet

The significance of urban identity is beginning to extend outwards from the cities into metropolitan regions. This article has examined how institutional frameworks affect the flexibility of these new regions. It has been noted that spatial development policy should ideally be conducted at the local level in close collaboration with initiatives in the private sector. However, the structure of policy competences is not always perfectly arranged to achieve this. Issues of redistribution, on the other hand, are a matter which should be addressed at the central level. It is further argued that the principles of local accountability and electoralism should be carefully balanced. If their relationship is biased too much in one direction or the other, this can frustrate the flexibility of metropolitan regions. Finally, it is emphasised that new metropolitan regions have generally not yet developed a strong identity of their own. Citizens and politicians still tend to identify too much with the old core cities, which are no longer the sole heart of urban life. It is therefore important that new regional identities be mobilised.

Maurice E. Perret

No abstract available.

Redazione Redazione

Nella Gestione dei servizi da parte della Pubblica Amministrazione riveste una particolare importanza quello dell'illuminazione pubblica generalmente collegato alle forniture dell'energia elettrica. Tali servizi sono spesso gestiti da società municipalizate che nelle grandi città sono state privatizzate o si appoggiano a società private in grado di gestire convenientemente e con i mezzi opportuni gli obblighi nei confronti degli utenti. Di fondamentale importanza sono gli strumenti GIS in grado di poter gestire geograficamente gli interventi manutentivi e il monitoraggio costante della situazione al fine di evitare i disservizi più disparati dovuti sia al degrado che al consumo o ai fenomeni meteorologici. Di rilevamte importanza la gestione della manutenzione programmata per il suo benficio sia in termini qualitativi che economici. E' noto, ad esempio, che un intervento di riverniciatura a cadenza prestabilita ha dei costi inferiori alla sostituzione integrale per degrado. In questi termini viene affrontato dall'Amministrazione di Verona la gestione della pubblica illuminazione.

H. Haefner

No abstract available.