Hasil untuk "Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law"

This book is the first collection of essays on Bernard Williams’ moral and political philosophy to shed light on the nature of law, and key legal concepts. By the time of his death in 2003, Williams was widely regarded as the most important moral philosopher of his generation. Surprisingly, his work is still largely under-discussed in legal theory. This book aims to fill this gap with brand new discussions from scholars both from law and philosophy. The first part of the book focuses on Williams’ work on responsibility and regret and its implications for law. Drawing from Ancient Greek authors, Williams maintained that luck might play a key role in our practices of responsibility and that some dimensions of responsibility are tied to the notion of having a character. What we do – intentionally or not – might affect our understanding of ourselves and of our place in the world. How do those ideas help us in making sense of legal responsibility? How broader concerns about our practices of responsibility impact the law? Those are some of the questions addressed by the authors in this part. The second part looks at how Williams’ understanding of philosophy can shape the way we do jurisprudence. Williams’ work on the methodology of philosophy combines resources from analytical philosophy, continental authors, history, and literature. He understood philosophy as a humanistic discipline. The authors in the second part of the book draw from Williams' work, notably his innovative take on the genealogical method, to discuss how we could practice legal philosophy in this same spirit.

E. A. Frolova

Purpose. The key objective of legal education is to develop professional legal consciousness in law school graduates of universities and other higher education institutions. This purpose can be largely achieved by broadening the student›s worldview and developing critical thinking. To do this, it is necessary to teach him to think systematically and conceptually, to draw independent conclusions based on a comparative legal analysis of sources and legal scientific literature. To instill these skills in a future specialist is the task of fundamental jurisprudence, which includes the theory of state and law, philosophy of law, history of political and legal doctrines, sociology of law, history of state and law. Methodology: analysis and synthesis, hermeneutic, comparative approaches. Conclusions. It is argued that law is a social regulator that objectifies the values of a specific historical society. A parallel is drawn between the approach to law of the famous Bulgarian lawyer Neno Nenovski and the neo-Kantian methodology. Neno Nenovski›s contribution to the understanding of law as a socio-cultural value is shown. Law is a system of norms on the spiritual and practical (value-normative) development of the world. These norms include two components: ideal being (manifested in social relations — this is law at the sociological level) and legal relations (individual legal acts). Scientific and practical relevance. The article is aimed at developing legal thinking; the value of axiology and comparative legal analysis is shown. Based on primary sources, it is argued that the main purpose of law is to ensure order and social stability: law is always opposed to disorder and chaos in society.

Е. Н. Петухов, Н. А. Дудко, М. А. Неймарк

В 2025 г. отмечает свой юбилей — 70-летие один из ведущих российских ученых в области теории оперативно-розыскной деятельности, доктор юридических наук, профессор, полковник милиции (в отставке) Сергей Иванович Давыдов. Пройдя путь от оперуполномоченного уголовного розыска до заместителя начальника управления уголовного розыска УВД Алтайского края, возглавилкафедру оперативно-розыскной деятельности органов внутренних дел Барнаульского юридическогоинститута МВД России, затем стал руководителем кафедры уголовного процесса и криминалистики Алтайского государственного университета, а в настоящее время является профессором этих кафедр. Одной из основных тем С.И. Давыдова, которой он уделяет внимание на протяжении многихлет, является оперативно-розыскная деятельность. Статья посвящена профессиональной и научнойдеятельности доктора юридических наук, профессора С.И. Давыдова. Представлены основные направления его научной работы, обозначен профессиональный вклад в развитие уголовно-правовыхнаук и юридического образования.

María Eugenia Ferreiro Xavier de Mello

El presente artículo comenta aspectos metodológicos y reflexiones en torno a un proyecto que se encuentra en construcción: la creación de la Biblioteca Interseccional de Imágenes Uruguayas, un banco de imágenes basado en personajes no hegemónicos cuyo uno de sus objetivos es transformarse en una herramienta de carácter público dirigida a profesionales de la arquitectura y el diseño. La pregunta de investigación parte de la utilización automática y acrítica de corporalidades y poses que responden a representaciones basadas en estereotipos e imágenes importadas. La cuestión, lejos de resolverse con las nuevas tecnologías, incorpora sesgos y automatismos que es necesario visibilizar con foco en la producción de sentido, considerando que en la actualidad hay sectores de la sociedad que    están excluidos de toda representación visual en espacios significativos de la vida pública.  El proceso incluye relevamientos y análisis realizados desde una perspectiva de género, generaciones, derechos y diversidad en las plataformas digitales más utilizadas por profesionales del diseño en Uruguay, con el fin de detectar y superar la problemática. El equipo de trabajo se integra con docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Udelar. La producción de imágenes para el repositorio se genera con base           en metodologías de diseño participativo, donde el aporte de activistas y colectivos sociales    es fundamental.

Abel Rodríguez, J. Bulcock

ion of traditional moral philosophy and arguing instead that morality must be understood in relation to the community); MICHAEL J. SANDEL, LIBERALISM AND THE LIMITS OF JUSTICE (2d ed. 1998) (criticizing concepts of moral philosophy based on the metaphysical individual, such as (7) 53.1_RODRIGUEZ&BULCOCK (DO NOT DELETE) 5/20/2020 4:56 PM 72 LOYOLA OF LOS ANGELES LAW REVIEW [Vol. 53:39 direct tension with the conception of the individual within American law. The United States has an inarguably autonomous conception of the individual within the law and within the American political system more generally. Therefore, while feminist care and communitarian approaches may serve as natural critiques of the American conception of the individual, it is not a viable theory for considering how to understand the crimes involving moral turpitude designation. However, in considering crimes involving moral turpitude, it is worthwhile to note that many countries and cultures do espouse a communitarian or feminist care ethic, making their moral assessments and laws decidedly different from those encoded in American law. Therefore, a noncitizen may innocently, and with good moral intentions, act in a way that may be deemed morally turpitudinous under United States immigration law. This consideration raises issues regarding the reality of moral diversity in our world and perhaps the need to consider a significant degree of moral pluralism in the moral turpitude designation. The two theories that seem most naturally to apply to the case of crimes involving moral turpitude are virtue ethics and deontology, albeit for very different reasons. Considering the legal context within which crimes involving moral turpitude are situated, it appears reasonable that virtue ethics, specifically Aristotelian ethics, which is primarily concerned with an individual’s character when making moral assessments, may be useful in analyzing the moral justifications behind the designation. While consideration of the Board’s definition of crimes involving moral turpitude is not immediately suggestive of a virtue ethics approach, the designation ostensibly exists as a means for judging the moral character of those hoping to remain legally in the United States. Lacking an explicit standard in the moral turpitude definition, consideration of how good moral character is interpreted in the immigration context can be instructive. In particular, the “good moral character” requirement used as a standard Rawls and Dworkin, and arguing instead that the individual must instead be understood in context of her community and the moral obligations that stem of membership in a particular community). 117. Examples of a communitarian society would be China or Singapore. In these societies laws and policies are meant to protect the common good rather than the autonomy of each individuals. 118. See generally ARISTOTLE, NICOMACHEAN ETHICS 18 (Terence Irwin ed. & trans. 2d ed. 1999) (“Virtue of character . . . results from habit [ethos]; hence its name ‘ethical’, slightly varied

Luis García-Chico

En el presente trabajo se analiza la posibilidad de teorizar una neuroética de la mentira. Para hablar de una neuroética de la mentira su definición debería ser clara y exacta. En este estudio sostengo que no es así, la mentira no está bien definida y la neurociencia no logra crear una teoría de la mentira sólida. Finalmente se proponen una serie de puntos que permitan construir una neuroética de la mentira.

Rodolfo Luis Vigo

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el proyecto de Luigi Ferrajoli de una Constitución para la Tierra y confrontarlo con su teoría jurídica que ha venido desarrollando desde los inicios de su vida académica. La conclusión es que dicha perspectiva teórica no es funcional al ambicioso proyecto y se proyecta sobre el mismo debilitándolo; aunque cabe una segunda conclusión que es entender que la propuesta se apoya en una nueva teoría ferrajoliana que cuenta con un aparato conceptual que no estaba en la que conocíamos del profesor italiano.

Alexander S. Kochubaev

This article is a comprehensive, logically coherent and systematic study of the formation and development of the theory of natural law in the history of legal thought: An integrated approach to the problems under consideration makes it possible for the first time in the field of theoretical legal research to include certain topical issues united by the theory of natural law, to identify their historical and logical foundations, to identify the interaction of ideas from various legal schools of natural law: For the first time in Russian jurisprudence, the author explores the peculiarities of the manifestation of the doctrine of natural law in the context of the system of European classical philosophy of law, the evolution of its further development: Based on the results of a comprehensive analysis, the author of the dissertation has developed theoretical ideas about the place and role of the most important natural law concepts in the system of legal categories. Based on an in-depth study of the works of the world classics of philosophy of law, the author has developed a unique concept of the emergence, formation and development of the theory of natural law, based on the understanding of the renewal of philosophical and legal paradigms and the corresponding change in the priorities of scientific analysis of legal categories: In addition to the above, the work analyzed in detail the role and importance of the theory of natural law in improving positive law (current legislation and law enforcement practice), as well as the transformation of the foundations of natural law in the system of national law.

O. Stovba

The article is devoted to the reasoning of the body as a legal phenomenon. After all, although the body is ontologically the closest thing to us, from the legal point of view it is one of the most mysterious legal phenomena. Thus, traditional jurisprudence usually divides all legal beings into subjects of law (the state, individuals and legal entities, the nation, etc.) and objects of legal relations (estate, material evidence, objects of dispute, etc.). However, the body cannot be identified within these criteria. On the one hand, the body itself is not a subject of law. After all, purely disembodied, abstract entities, such as legal entities or the state, are subjects of law, sometimes without any material “embodiment”. On the other hand, purely corporeal existence does not guarantee legal personality, since, for example, the presence of a dead body in itself indicates its absence. This state of affairs is fully reflected in the national legislation of Ukraine.  Its analysis shows that the human body is not defined as an independent object of legal regulation, and there is no corresponding legal regime. The most symptomatic manifestation of the total disregard for the legal issues of the body is the absence of a corresponding term even in special medical legislation regulating organ transplantation, health care, and medical assistance. Therefore, the phenomenon of the body currently remains outside the attention of Ukrainian lawyers. This leads to the lack of conceptual reasoning of the body as a legal phenomenon and uncertainty of legal regulation of the human body as such. So, it can be stated that the phenomenon of the body needs to be comprehended from a philosophical and legal point of view. The result of such comprehension is the identification of the following ontological features of the body as a legal phenomenon: syncretism, liminality and intentionality of the body. This, in turn, gives grounds to assert that normativity is immanently present in the body, when the body itself is a hypothesis and disposition for others, and the impossibility of communication with it is a sanction.  As a result, the author concludes that the inviolability of the body should be enshrined in law and the relevant amendments should be made to the Civil and Criminal Codes of Ukraine.

Herman Herman, Fokke J. Fernhout

Criminal law provisions in the colonial-era Criminal Code are no longer competent to uphold society’s sense of justice due to the emergence of more sophisticated crimes with a variety of modus operandi. By approving Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code, the first steps toward reforming the criminal code were taken. One of the recently established law reforms has to do with the criminal justice system. In this study, the punishment scheme in Law Number 1 of 2023 will be identified and analyzed, as well as the effects of the law’s provision for maximum criminal sentences for economic offenses. This article’s study was conducted using a normative legal research methodology that included statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The study’s findings demonstrate that Law Number 1 of 2023 offers minimal and maximum protections against criminal risks, among them economic crimes. If the loss resulting from the offense exceeds the maximum fine that may be imposed, this rule may result in unfairness, especially for the victim. Additionally, because judges are not allowed to impose sentences that exceed the predetermined guidelines, the maximum punishment cap may lessen the deterrent effect on criminals.

Nuriyah Fara Muthia, Juajir Sumardi, Maskun Maskun

This research aims to analyze the legal implications of the increase in space debris generated through space commercialization activities. This research uses a normative legal method using a qualitative approach to determine the application of law in commercial activities carried out in space. The results of this study, namely: (1) the increase in space junk cases caused by commercial activities in space is increasing until 2022 due to various satellites being launched and causing junk to scatter freely in space. The rules of the Outer Space Treaty 1967 are still unable to guarantee legal certainty so that all parties carrying out commercial activities in space obey them; (2) the calculation of damage caused by commercial activities in space will result in liability that has been regulated in the Space Liability Convention 1972 that there are two legal principles governing the responsibility for compensation carried out by all parties in space, both state and private parties.

Felipe Franz Wienke, Rafaella Fernandes de Mattos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo a análise do reconhecimento da autonomia universitária e da liberdade de cátedra como instrumentos de realização do Estado Democrático de Direito instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Em um primeiro momento, contextualiza os desdobramentos do direito social fundamental à educação para a conceituação e identificação das principais características da liberdade de ensinar sob os aspectos institucional e docente. Posteriormente, propõe o estudo da autonomia universitária e da liberdade de cátedra sob a perspectiva do Estado Democrático de Direito à luz do julgamento da Ação de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 548 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e da Declaração do Parlamento do MERCOSUL. Conclui-se que a garantia da liberdade de ensinar é pressuposto essencial em uma democracia. Utiliza-se pesquisa qualitativa e as técnicas bibliográfica e documental.

R. Poole

This article explores the main contributions of Pavel Novgorodtsev (1866–1924) to Russian philosophy of law, focusing on his central idea that the rule of law depends on a neo-idealist conception of legal consciousness based on natural law and fundamentally on human dignity, or respect for the intrinsic and absolute worth of the human person. The article examines Novgorodtsev’s critique of the historical school of jurisprudence, which was the subject of his first book, as well as his understanding of natural law as a moral ideal, of personhood as the highest moral purpose of and justification for law, and of law as the basic condition of society and therefore of human perfectibility or progress. It shows that his concept of “individualism” had both a methodological meaning and a more broadly philosophical meaning coinciding with the meaning of personalism (the defense of the absolute worth of personhood). Novgorodtsev based his own personalist metaphysics on an idealist theory of human nature. He held that the “absolute ideal,” one of his main philosophical concepts, entailed the metaphysical reality of the Absolute. The second half of the article details the ways Novgorodtsev applied his theory of natural law and his conception of legal consciousness to the modern state, especially in his 1909 book, The Crisis of Modern Legal Consciousness, which presents a rich intellectual history of the concept of the Rechtstaat or правовое государство. The article concludes that Novgorodtsev’s neo-idealist conception of legal consciousness deeply shaped the thought of other philosophers associated with the Moscow school of Russian legal philosophy.

This volume provides a forum for some of the best new philosophical work on law, by both senior and junior scholars from around the world. The chapters range widely over issues in general jurisprudence (the nature of law, adjudication, and legal reasoning); the philosophical foundations of specific areas of law (from criminal law to evidence to international law); the history of legal philosophy; and related philosophical topics that illuminate the problems of legal theory.

V. I. Zhukov

The author analyzes the process of accumulation of knowledge in the field of philosophy and law in order to create an epistemological basis for the perception of justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law. The analytical review is based on the analysis of philosophical, theological, historical and other theories developed from ancient times to the present. The author focuses on the works of ancient thinkers (first of all, Plato, his disciple Aristotle, their followers, Roman authors), the works of scientists who created original concepts and enriched jurisprudence in the Middle Ages, the new and the newest times. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of theories that brought science closer to the creation of a theory of justice in the context of the Philosophy of Law. The author also describes the theories of justice of law developed by the largest scientists of the XX century, J.ºRawls, H. Otfried, F. von Hayek, Ph. Selznick, etc. The article considers the contribution to the development of knowledge about justice in the paradigm of the Philosophy of Law made by the local legal scholars, Soviet scientists, the largest modern specialists in this field, including V.D. Zorkin, V.I. Khairullin, etc. Based on the results of the analytical review, the main conclusions are developed and the author's definition of justice in the format of the Philosophy of Law is given.

J. Łakomy

The article attempts to analyse the status of the theory of legal interpretation that emerges from the contributions of one of the representatives of critical legal studies (CLS). Legal interpretation is analysed by using concepts drawn from hermeneutic universalism and the post-structural philosophy of politics. The concepts of Duncan Kennedy, an American philosopher of law, are subjected to analysis, and his concept of adjudication, the indeterminacy thesis and the hermeneutic of suspicion is addressed. The paper puts forward the thesis that the political nature of law – along-side factors closely related to social structure – is also determined by factors which pertain to the cognitive subject. This fact has crucial importance for determining the status of the theory of legal interpretation.

Rodger D. Citron

More than sixty years ago, the most important trial of the twentieth century — the first Nuremberg war crimes trial of the leaders of Nazi Germany — began. As time has shown, the Nuremberg trials have significantly influenced the way we think about the rule of law. In this Article, I discuss the influence of the Nuremberg trials on legal philosophy in the United States, focusing on the decline of legal realism as an autonomous jurisprudential movement, the revival of natural law philosophy, and the emergence of legal process theory.

I. L. Chestnov, E. G. Samokhina

The article discusses up-to-date methodological issues of relativity in legal science. Relativity considered as the relativity of knowledge about an object characterises modern Post-Classical philosophy and science. Radical relativity as a pluralism in the sphere of values causes the well-founded concern of many scientists. The authors of the article propose their own vision of the content of relativity as a methodological principle of the Post-Classical legal science. The Post-Classical methodology used by the authors suggests criticising classical jurisprudence and dialogism (the interdependence of opposing points) as a positive programme. Relativity in law, according to the authors, is the pre-dependence of law by the social and cultural context, the interdependence of law and other social phenomena. Law does not exist “in its pure form”, but always appears as a side or aspect of the psyche, culture, economy and politics. Such an approach is not identical to arbitrariness, since law, in conjunction with other social phenomena, is intended to ensure the integrity of society. The proposed approach provides a deeper picture of a multidimensional legal reality and represents a version of a new Post-Classical methodology that is adequate to a contemporary society.

E.Y. Kovalenko, O.A. Shavandina

В статье изучены национальные и международные правовые основы регулирования отношений в сфере физической культуры и спорта. Установлено, что изучение и учет положительного зарубежного опыта эффективного регулирования отношений, возникающих в сфере физической культуры и спорта, важны для совершенствования норм национального спортивного права, в том числедля проведения кодификации спортивного законодательства России, и выступает одной из важныхпричин, обусловливающих развитие международного сотрудничества Российской Федерации с зарубежными странами. Другой важной причиной выступает необходимость проведения гармонизации и унификации национального законодательства России в области физической культуры и спортас нормами международного права. Развитие международного сотрудничества России с зарубежнымистранами и международными организациями в направлении обеспечения национальной безопасности особенно актуально в условиях осуществления давления на российских спортсменов в последнеедесятилетие на спортивных соревнованиях и мероприятиях различного уровня. Сделан вывод о необходимости для России развивать все направления международного сотрудничества, так как физическая культура и спорт на национальном и международном уровнях выступает важным инструментомобеспечения устойчивого социально-экономического развития стран, инструментом личностногоразвития человека, инструментом, обеспечивающим межкультурное, партнерское и дружественноеразвитие межгосударственного общения и служит мощным стимулом повышения конкурентоспособности каждой страны в условиях мировой глобализации.

Camilla Pagliari