Journalistica: The Methods Section
In this section, Journalistica puts a spotlight on research methods used in journalism studies and/or journalism practice.
Статья посвящена особенностям работы с экономической тематикой в массовом региональном издании. Анализируется жанрово-тематическая модель газеты, система рубрик, а также особенности графического оформления. Изучается опыт использования инфографики в городском издании. Исследование экономической тематики в региональной прессе XX-XXI веков остается одной из актуальных задач, стоящих перед исследователями. Экономическая журналистика в регионах на данный момент изучена слабо, хотя в отдельных работах рассматриваются особенности подачи деловой информации, создания рекламных текстов в интернет-СМИ и местной периодике. Однако до сих пор существует ряд спорных вопросов, связанных с периодизацией истории региональных деловых изданий, с определением типов изданий, работавших с экономической информацией, и т.д. Также исследователями не поднимался вопрос об особенностях повышения эффективности и доступности материалов экономической тематики, в том числе не для специализированной, но и для массовой аудитории, которые достигаются благодаря применению современных средств журналистики. Целью настоящей работы является изучение особенности подачи материалов экономической тематики на страницах массового регионального издания. Материалом исследования стала «Городская газета», выходившая в Томске в 2010-х годах. Было изучено 104 номера газеты, выходивших в период с 2009 по 2013 гг., в них выявлено 109 текстов экономической тематики, написанных в различных жанрах. Методы исследования: историко-типологический анализ, методы исследования визуального материала. «Городская газета», регулярно выходившая в 2009-2013 годах тиражом более 100 тысяч экземпляров и распространявшаяся бесплатно, позволила познакомить с экономикой как на уровне макро (федерация, область, город), так и на микро – в рамках отдельных домохозяйств, – большое количество томичей. Особенностью «Городской газеты» было активное использование инфографики: она первой в Томске и Томской области начала на регулярной основе использовать эту форму подачи материала. Можно говорить о значимом вкладе «Городской газеты» в формирование экономической культуры и образованности среди горожан и огромную роль сыграло в этом использование инфографики на регулярной основе. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of working with economic topics in a mass regional edition. The article analyzes the genre-thematic model of the newspaper, the system of headings, as well as the peculiarities of graphic design. The experience of using infographics in the city edition is studied. The study of economic topics in the regional press of the XX-XXI centuries remains one of the urgent tasks facing researchers. Economic journalism in the regions is poorly studied at the moment, although some works consider the peculiarities of presenting business information, creating advertising texts in the Internet media and local periodicals. However, there are still a number of controversial issues related to the periodization of the history of regional business publications, the definition of the types of publications that worked with economic information, etc. Also, researchers have not raised the question about the peculiarities of increasing the effectiveness and accessibility of materials on economic topics, including not for specialized, but also for mass audiences, which are achieved through the use of modern means of journalism. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities of presentation of economic materials on the pages of a mass regional edition. The material of the study was "City Newspaper", published in Tomsk in the 2010s. We studied 104 issues of the newspaper published between 2009 and 2013, in them we found 109 texts of economic topics written in various genres. Research methods: historical-typological analysis, methods of visual material research. "City Newspaper", which was regularly published in 2009-2013 with a circulation of more than 100 thousand copies and distributed free of charge, made it possible to familiarize a large number of Tomsk citizens with the economy both at the macro level (federation, region, city) and at the micro level (within individual households). A special feature of City Newspaper was the active use of infographics: it was the first newspaper in Tomsk and Tomsk Oblast to use this form of presentation on a regular basis. We can talk about the significant contribution of City Newspaper to the formation of economic culture and education among the citizens, and the use of infographics on a regular basis played a huge role in this.
Pavel Sidorenko, Nadia Alonso López, Adriana Paíno Ambrosio
En virtud de que las redes sociales se perfilaron como fuentes de información desde el primer momento en que Rusi tomó la decisión de invadir Ucrania en febrero de 2022, la presente investigación pretende analizar, de forma exploratoria el tipo de perfiles que difundieron en una primera instancia la guerra ucraniana a través de TikTok, una red social trending basada en el entretenimiento con una narrativa caracterizada por la sátira, los retos y los bailes virales. Para ello, se utiliza un análisis cualitativo de las publicaciones realizadas en esta red social con los hashtags #Ucrania y #Ukraine teniendo en cuenta que tanto civiles como periodistas o militares hicieron uso de la plataforma. Los resultados muestran que los perfiles de los influencers son los que publican más contenido informativo y testimonial y tienen un mayor impacto que los propios medios de comunicación.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Royal Tour Picture Album, by Elizabeth Morton. London, UK: Sunday Graphic/Pitkin Pictorials Ltd, 1953. 104 pages.
ONE of the joys of travelling the world and collecting books is the historical oddities that turn up in the most unexpected places. I have a splendid copy of the complete works of Shakespeare dating to the Second World War, completely re-set, so the frontispiece notes, due to the original plates having been ‘destroyed by enemy action’. One wonders at the perfidy of the Luftwaffe in trying to blow up the Bard.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
Social networks use a variety of models from the spectrum of web technologies. These tools were designed for entertainment and communication purposes, and the most commonly used among students are the social media tools. Knowing this, teachers have incorporated traditional teaching strategies as part of increasing the ability of students to grasp the objectives. Considering that most students find social media tools interesting, most researchers have supported this strategy as one of the most innovative methods of improving the learning outcomes. Students today can learn almost everything on their own or with their teachers using the Internet, talk to people from all over the world, share experiences with their peers, get acquainted with the world and other people, customs and cultures through their own personal experience. Researching a particular topic to find information, literature by authors from around the world and literary criticism, there are things that can open their view of the world, as well as enable them to think critically and creatively. These are some of the most significant benefits of a global network. This study wants to indicate the level of awareness in teachers and students about the proper use of social media and media literacy as well as to address the necessity to overcome the lack of media literacy knowledge within youth as well as the wider population. It also focuses on pointing out the dangers that social media causes with illiterate youth. Students who daily take in a huge amount of information from a wide array of sources, are going to become better critical thinkers and smart consumers that recognize the point of view and recognize the author’s goal. Hopefully in future, teachers will pay more attention to what extent and in what manner their students use social media and pay particular attention to teach them how to be more alert when using social media.
The article analyzes Russian-language periodicals for children and youth, published in Latvia in the 1920s-1930s. The study is based on the material of a wide range of archival sources, many of which are first introduced into scholarly discourse. After the October Revolution of 1917, the Russian diaspora of Latvia, which consisted of the indigenous local population, was replenished with refugees from the Russian Empire. A significant part of the emigrant flow were children. In order to prevent the loss of national and cultural identity, of historical memory, and of their native language, Russian emigrants turned to the publication of newspapers and magazines for the younger generation. Children’s periodicals of Russian emigrants were based on the professional principles of classical children’s journalism, typological and formal and semantic features of prerevolutionary publications. Russian-language children and youth periodicals in Latvia in the 1920s-1930s are marked by the diversity of types of publications: handwritten and typewritten editions of educational institutions; professional press published by the Salamandra publishing house; periodicals of public and youth associations, religious organizations. The foundation of the value system transmitted to the younger generation was the focus on preserving the Russian language, the cultural heritage of pre-revolutionary Russia; general socialization; education, developing creative abilities; assistance in solving acute social problems, etc. Russian-language newspapers and magazines for children and youth of the Republic of Latvia were created by teachers, professional publishers, editors and journalists, as well as by non-professionals - religious, public and political figures who were not indifferent to the problems of childhood. The creators’ activities contributed to the fact that the majority of Russian emigrant children not only retained the awareness of their belonging to Russia, the Russian language, traditions, cultural values, but also successfully integrated into the Latvian society, became full citizens of the country of residence. The study of the Russian-language children and youth periodicals of Latvia made it possible to conclude that the most favorable conditions for the publishing activity of Russian emigrants in Latvia were created before 1934, during the existence of a parliamentary republic. The policy of forcible assimilation of “non-Latvians” proclaimed in 1934 significantly limited the autonomy of the national minorities in Latvia. Against the background of the reduction in Russian-language periodicals, the reading circle of young people was forced to expand due to publications that were not aimed at children. The accession of Latvia to the USSR in August 1940 completed the stage of the existence of the emigre press and marked a new period in the functioning of the Russian-language press of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
This variable describes what kind of concept of culture underlies the cultural coverage at a certain point of time or across time. The variable dissects the concept of culture into cultural forms that are being journalistically covered. It presupposes that each article predominantly focuses on one cultural genre or discipline, such as literature, music, or film, which is the case in most articles in the cultural beat that are written according to cultural journalists’ areas of specialization. By identifying the cultural forms covered, the variable delivers an answer to the question of what kind of culture has been covered, or what kind of culture has been represented. Forms of culture are sometimes also called artistic or cultural disciplines (Jaakkola, 2015) or cultural genres (Purhonen et al., 2019), and cultural classification (Janssen et al., 2011) or cultural hierarchy (Schmutz, 2009). The level of detail varies from study to study, according to the need of knowledge, with some scholars tracing forms of subculture (Schmutz et al., 2010), while others just identify the overall development of major cultural forms (Purhonen et al., 2019; Jaakkola, 2015a). The concepts of culture can roughly be defined as being dominated by high cultural, popular cultural, or everyday cultural forms (Kristensen, 2019). While most culture sections in newspapers are dominated by high culture, and the question is rather about which disciplines, in the operationalization it is not always easy to draw lines between high and popular forms in the postmodern cultural landscape where boundaries are being blurred. Nevertheless, the major forms of culture in the journalistic operationalization of culture are literature, classical music, theatre, and fine arts. As certain forms of culture – such as classical music and opera – are focused on classical high culture, and other forms – such as popular music and comics – represent popular forms, distribution of coverage according to cultural forms may indicate changes in the cultural concept. Field of application/theoretical foundation The question of the concept of culture is a standard question in content analyses on arts and cultural journalism in daily newspapers and cultural magazines, posed by a number of studies conducted in different geographical areas and often with a comparative intent (e.g., Szántó et al., 2004; Janssen, 1999; Reus & Harden, 2005; Janssen et al., 2008; Larsen, 2008; Kõnno et al., 2012; Jaakkola, 2015a, 2015b; Verboord & Janssen, 2015; Purhonen et al., 2019; Widholm et al., 2019). The essence of culture has been theorized in cultural studies, predominantly by Raymond Williams (e.g., 2011), and sociologists of art (Kroeber & Kluckhohn, 1952). In studying journalistic coverage of arts and culture, the concept of culture reveals the anatomy of coverage and whether the content is targeting a broader audience (inclusive concept of culture) or a narrow audience (exclusive or elitist concept of culture). A prevalent motivation to study the ontological dimension of cultural coverage is also to trace cultural change, which means that the concept of culture is longitudinally studied (Purhonen et al., 2019). References/combination with other methods of data collection Concept of culture often occurs as a variable to trace cultural change. The variable is typically coupled with other variables, mainly with representational means, i.e., the journalistic genre (Jaakkola, 2015), event type (Stegert, 1998), or author gender (Schmutz, 2009; Jaakkola, 2015b). Quantitative content analyses may also be complemented with qualitative analyses (Purhonen et al., 2019). Sample operationalization Cultural forms are separated according to the production structure (journalists and reviewers specializing in one cultural form typically indicate an increase of coverage for that cultural form). At a general level, the concept of culture can be divided into the following cultural forms: literature, music – which is, according to the newsroom specialization typically roughly categorized into classical and popular music – visual arts, theatre, dance, film, design, architecture and built environment, media, comics, cultural politics, cultural history, arts education, and other. Subcategories can be separated according to the interest and level of knowledge. The variable needs to be sensitive towards local features in journalism and culture. Example study Jaakkola (2015b) Information about Jaakkola, 2015 Author: Maarit Jaakkola Research question/research interest: Examination of the cultural concept across time in culture sections of daily newspapers Object of analysis: Articles/text items on culture pages of five major daily newspapers in Finland 1978–2008 (Aamulehti, Helsingin Sanomat, Kaleva, Savon Sanomat, Turun Sanomat) Timeframe of analysis: 1978–2008, consecutive sample of weeks 7 and 42 in five year intervals (1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008) Info about variable Variable name/definition: Concept of culture Unit of analysis: Article/text item Values: Cultural form Description 1. Fiction literature Fiction books: fictional genres such as poetry, literary novels, thrillers, detective novels, children’s literature, etc. 2. Non-fiction literature Non-fiction books: non-fictional genres such as textbooks, memoirs, encyclopedias, etc. 3. Classical music Music of more high-cultural character, such as symphonic music, chamber music, opera, etc. 4. Popular music Music of more popular character, such as pop, rock, hip-hop, folk music, etc. 5. Visual arts Fine arts: painting, drawing, graphical art, sculpture, media art, photography, etc. 6. Theatre Scene art, including musicals (if not treated as music, i.e. in coverage of concerts and albums) 7. Dance Scene art, including ballet (if not treated as music, .e. in coverage of concerts and albums) 8. Film Cinema: fiction, documentary, experimental film, etc. 9. Design Design of artefacts, jewelry, fashion, interiors, graphics, etc. 10. Architecture Design, aesthetics, and planning of built environment 11. Media Television, journalism, Internet, games, etc. 12. Comics Illustrated periodicals 13. Cultural politics Policies, politics, and administration concerning arts and culture in general 14. Cultural history Historical issues and phenomena 15. Education Educational issues concerning different cultural disciplines 16. Other Miscellaneous minor categories, e.g., lifestyle issues (celebrity, gossip, everyday cultural issues), and larger categories developed from within the material can be separated into values of their own Scale: nominal Intercoder reliability: Cohen's kappa > 0.76 (two coders) References Jaakkola, M. (2015a). The contested autonomy of arts and journalism: Change and continuity in the dual professionalism of cultural journalism. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Jaakkola, M. (2015b). Outsourcing views, developing news: Changes of art criticism in Finnish dailies, 1978–2008. Journalism Studies, 16(3), 383–402. Janssen, S. (1999). Art journalism and cultural change: The coverage of the arts in Dutch newspapers 1965–1990. Poetics 26(5–6), 329–348. Janssen, S., Kuipers, G., & Verboord, M. (2008). Cultural globalization and arts journalism: The international orientation of arts and culture coverage in Dutch, French, German, and U.S. newspapers, 1955 to 2005. American Sociological Review, 73(5), 719–740. Janssen, S., Verboord, M., & Kuipers, G. (2011). Comparing cultural classification: High and popular arts in European and U.S. elite newspapers. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 63(51), 139–168. Kõnno, A., Aljas, A., Lõhmus, M., & Kõuts, R. (2012). The centrality of culture in the 20th century Estonian press: A longitudinal study in comparison with Finland and Russia. Nordicom Review, 33(2), 103–117. Kristensen, N. N. (2019). Arts, culture and entertainment coverage. In T. P. Vos & F. Hanusch (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of journalism studies. Wiley-Blackwell. Kroeber, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Meridian Books. Larsen, L. O. (2008). Forskyvninger. Kulturdekningen i norske dagsaviser 1964–2005 [Displacements: Cultural coverage in Norwegian dailies 1964–2005]. In K. Knapskog & L.O. Larsen (Eds.), Kulturjournalistikk: pressen og den kulturelle offentligheten (pp. 283–329). Scandinavian Academic Press. Purhonen, S., Heikkilä, R., Karademir Hazir, I., Lauronen, T., Rodríguez, C. F., & Gronow, J. (2019). Enter culture, exit arts? The transformation of cultural hierarchies in European newspaper culture sections, 1960–2010. Routledge. Reus, G., & Harden, L. (2005). Politische ”Kultur”: Eine Längsschnittanalyse des Zeitungsfeuilletons von 1983 bis 2003 [Political ‘culture’: A longitudinal analysis of culture pages, 1983–2003]. Publizistik, 50(2), 153–172. Schmutz, V. (2009). Social and symbolic boundaries in newspaper coverage of music, 1955–2005: Gender and genre in the US, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Poetics, 37(4), 298–314. Schmutz, V., van Venrooij, A., Janssen, S., & Verboord, M. (2010). Change and continuity in newspaper coverage of popular music since 1955: Evidence from the United States, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Popular Music and Society, 33(4), 505–515. Stegert, G. (1998). Feuilleton für alle: Strategien im Kulturjournalismus der Presse [Feuilleton for all: Strategies in cultural journalism of the daily press]. Max Niemeyer Verlag. Szántó, A., Levy, D. S., & Tyndall, A. (Eds.). (2004). Reporting the arts II: News coverage of arts and culture in America. National Arts Journalism Program (NAJP). Verboord, M., & Ja
En los últimos años, Instagram se convertido en una plataforma útil para la comunicación política, especialmente en períodos electorales. Por otro lado, las crisis suelen incrementar el interés de los ciudadanos por el trabajo que realizan sus gobernantes, aunque, a la vez, generan menos tolerancia hacia mensajes que puedan tener segundas intenciones además de informar, como la promoción electoral. Este trabajo examina el uso de la cuenta de Instagram del vicepresidente de Ecuador, Otto Sonnenholzner, durante la primera fase de emergencia nacional en el país, decretada a causa de la pandemia del COVID 19. A partir de una metodología descriptiva y longitudinal, se identificó si el segundo mandatario utilizó Instagram para el manejo exclusivo de la crisis o si la comunicación tuvo otros objetivos no vinculados con la emergencia nacional. La evidencia demuestra que Sonnenholzner usó su cuenta de Instagram principalmente para promover su imagen personal, lo que podría tener un matiz de promoción política, sobre todo cuando su nombre sonaba como posible candidato presidencial para las elecciones de 2021. El estudio insta a que se realicen más investigaciones sobre el uso de Instagram en la comunicación política, especialmente para comprender su utilidad en una situación de emergencia como la causada por el COVID 19.
Journalism. The periodical press, etc., Communication. Mass media
FR. L’envoyé spécial n’est jamais étudié en tant que catégorie spécifique par les études sur le journalisme. Il est tantôt considéré pour sa spécialité (par exemple politique internationale), son statut dans le journal (grand reporter ou pigiste), tantôt pour son genre d’écriture (grand reportage, chronique). L’appellation semble ainsi transparente, voire insignifiante. Mon article tente d’en cerner l’usage dans le cadre de la presse sportive. Dans un premier temps, il fait la distinction entre l’expression au singulier et au pluriel et il montre la fréquence de son usage grâce à une analyse numérique. Dans un second temps, il étudie la variété de ses emplois à propos d’un événement particulier : le reportage du Tour de France. L’analyse met en évidence des interventions que l’on peut qualifier de kaléidoscopiques, figurées dans l’espace même du journal par la typographie et l’éclatement entre plusieurs pages plus ou moins clairement consacrées au sport ou à l’événement particulier du Tour. Ce phénomène est par ailleurs multiplié par les liens que le journal quotidien entretient avec d’autres médias (photos, radios, magazines). En conclusion, il apparaît que l’envoyé spécial est une catégorie proprement journalistique, qui n’a pas d’utilité à l’extérieur de la publication périodique. Alors que nombre d’acteurs de la presse ou de rubriques existent à côté ou en dehors de celle-ci — on peut publier des reportages, des chroniques, des feuilletons sous forme d’ouvrages —l’envoyé spécial est par nature lié à un événement qui justifie et absorbe sa raison d’être. Il redevient journaliste, écrivain ou simple témoin dès que cette actualité est achevée ou dès que son rôle immédiat s’achève. *** EN. The figure of the special correspondent has never been considered by journalism studies as a specific category. Instead, special correspondents are generally categorized by field of expertise (foreign affairs for instance), the position held in the newsroom (senior reporter or freelancer), or the type of articles written (reportage, column, interviews, etc.). This categorization might seem unnoticeable, even anecdotal. This article attempts to identify its use in the context of the sports press. First, we make a distinction between the singular and the plural forms of this expression. We also highlight the frequency of their use through numerical analysis. Second, the diversity of its uses is studied in the context of a particular event: the Tour de France. The analysis highlights how contributions by correspondents constitute a kaleidoscope that takes shape through the typography and the presence of the topic in multiple pages in a newspaper, might the content be centered on the cycling performances or on the Tour as a social event. This phenomenon is amplified through links connecting daily newspapers and other media (photos, radio, magazines). Finally, the figure of the correspondent appears to be a category strictly limited to journalism and has no relevance outside the sphere of periodical publishing. While a number of press actors and sections also exists outside the world of journalism - reportages, column or news stories can also be published as books - the correspondent is by nature anchored to an event that justifies and absorbs his or her raison d'être. He or she becomes again a journalist, a writer or a simple witness, as soon as the event is over or as soon as the role of correspondent comes to an end. *** PT. O enviado especial nunca é analisado enquanto categoria específica pelos estudos de jornalismo. O termo, ora considerado por sua especialidade (por exemplo, na política internacional), ora por seu status no jornal (grande repórter ou freelancer), ora por seu gênero de escrita (grande reportagem, crônica), se torna transparente ou até insignificante. O presente artigo busca apreender seu uso no contexto da imprensa esportiva. Num primeiro momento, busca-se distinguir as formas singular e plural do termo e levantar sua frequência de uso por meio da análise de corpus. Depois, investiga-se a variação de seus usos em relação a um evento particular: a cobertura do Tour de France. A análise identifica ocorrências que podem ser descritas como caleidoscópicas, editadas no próprio espaço do jornal pela tipografia e pela divisão em múltiplas páginas, mais ou menos claramente dedicadas ao esporte ou ao evento particular do Tour. Esse fenômeno é também multiplicado pelos vínculos que o jornal diário estabelece com outros meios de comunicação (fotos, rádio, revistas). Em conclusão, ressalta-se que o enviado especial é uma categoria propriamente jornalística, desprovida de utilidade para além da publicação periódica. Enquanto muitos atores ou seções da imprensa coexistem ao lado ou fora dela - relatórios, crônicas e séries podem ser publicados em forma de livros -, o enviado especial vincula-se por natureza a um evento que justifica e absorve sua razão de ser. Ele volta a ser jornalista, escritor ou simples testemunha ao final do evento ou assim que seu papel imediato foi concluído. ***
The paper studies the main aspects of creative work of Oleksandr Kovalevskyi (1890-1940?), a journalist, public and political figure, cooperative movement’s activist. Archival documents, particularly correspondence with Volodymyr Koroliv-Staryi, M.Yeremijiv, V. Pisniachevskyi, A.Nikovskyi revealed numerous facts about his cooperation with periodicals. The author of the article estimates his judgements on journalism, its role and tasks as well as the features of regional press as notably actual. The author analyses the way Kovalevskyi treated periodicals’ content, way of providing discussions in press, and how to illuminate the key issues of the day. The autobiographical component is being prized as the main feature of Kovalevskyi’ publications. His writings on social and political topics were enriched with bygone parallels illustrating his political views’ transformation, his established feelings on certain life conflicts. The past was strongly incorporated into his memory. The author found out that journalistic heritage of Oleksandr Kovalevsky had never been accumulated and analyzed, especially his journalistic skills and features of texts architectonics etc. A complex study of journalist’s activity, especially his talent after observing problems that persecuted the Ukrainians to single out the main one and explainit in details, would help future journalists in forming their professional skills and restoring historical events. Besides, it would assist deep understanding of current social and political processes and upheavals. Keywords: Oleksandr Kovalevskyi, journalism, editor, publicist, Ukrainian press.
İçinde bulunduğumuz dijital çağ dijital medya aracılığıyla aktarılan mesajların doğru bir okuma süzgecinden geçirilmesini önemli hale getirmiştir. Medyada kamuoyuna sunulan içeriklerin salt gerçekliği aktarmaması ve yeniden arzu edilen şekilde içeriklerin inşa edilmesi algı ve algı yönetimi kavramlarını gündeme getirmektedir. Medya gücünü elinde bulunduran mecralar kamuoyunun zihinsel dünyasında arzu edilen yönde fikirlerin yer almasını sağlamak amacıyla bazı stratejilerden yararlanmaktadırlar. Bu stratejilerin başında manipülasyon ve dezenformasyon teknikleri gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri bağlamında amaçlı örneklem çeşitlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt örneklem için belirlenen üç kıstas bulunmaktadır: birincisi Corona virüs haberinde kullanılan görselin Türkiye’ye ait olması, ikincisi bu görselin kullanıldığı haberin içeriğinde Türkiye’nin yer almaması, üçüncüsü ise haberin dijital ortamda servis edilmiş olması şeklindedir. Belirlenen bu ölçütler bağlamında örneklem olarak BBC News, New York Times, CNN International, RT, The Associated Press, The Independent ve The Guardian medya organlarının Corona virüs ile ilgili dijital ortamlardaki haber içerikleri incelenmiş ve Türkiye’nin imajını olumsuz şekilde etkileyebilecek olan bu içerikler eleştirel söylem analizi bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Böylece bu çalışmada dijital medya ortamlarında manipülasyon ve dezenformasyon teknikleri ile birlikte yapılan algı yönetimi çabasının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Eskişehir’in turistik çekim unsurlarının yerel basında okuyucuya
nasıl aktarıldığının belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda yerel gazetelerde çıkan turizm içerikli
haberler ve köşe yazıları, yerel gazetelerin web sayfaları üzerinden araştırmacılar
tarafından incelenmiştir. Gazetelerde turizm ile ilgili ele alınan yazıların türü, kökeni
ve haber kaynakları detaylı bir biçimde irdelenmiştir. Benzer bir biçimde turizmle ilgili
yazıların teması ve alt konuları belirlenmiş , bu yazıların bireyleri destinasyona çekecek
unsurları içerip içermediği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından
biri olan doküman taramasından yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Eskişehir ilinde
çıkarılan yerel gazeteler araştırmacılar tarafından belirlenmiş ve toplamda sekiz yerel
gazeteye ulaşılmıştır. Bu gazeteler; İstikbal, Eskişehir Anadolu, Sakarya, 2 Eylül, Milli
İrade, Sonhaber, Şehir ve Yenigün şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Bu gazetelerden Şehir ve
İstikbal gazetelerinin web sayfalarının arama özelliği olmamasından dolayı araştırma
kapsamından çıkarılmış ve araştırmaya diğer altı gazete üzerinden devam edilmiştir. Bu
altı gazete üzerinden ‘’haberlerin yayın sayıları, ‘’yayın türü’’, ‘’kökeni’’, ‘’bilgi kaynağı’’,
‘’haber içeriklerinin niteliği’’, ‘’görsel malzemelerin sunumu’’ ve ‘’Eskişehir’in çekicilikleri’’
olmak üzere yedi değişken kapsamında turizm yazıları içerik analizine tabii tutulmuştur.
Toplamda 535 turizm yazısı incelenmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda kamu
kurumlarının, Eskişehir turizmi için en önemli bilgi kaynakları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu
noktada özel sektörün Eskişehir turizmiyle ilgili yapılan haberlere bilgi kaynağı olabilme
rolünün oldukça kısıtlı olduğu söylenebilir. Diğer yandan yazılan haberlerin içeriğinin,
‘’ümit veren’’ ve ‘’bilgi veren’’ özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir.
La opinión pública en España se ha posicionado históricamente en contra de la energía nuclear. El sector atómico señala la falta de información y el desconocimiento de la población como las causas principales de ese rechazo. El puente que une a la opinión pública y a la industria atómica debe trazarse con información transparente por parte de la autoridad responsable de informar (ya sea el Gobierno, el organismo regulador, o una central nuclear) para que los ciudadanos estén protegidos en caso de sucesos imprevistos, y para que puedan comprender las ventajas e inconvenientes de esta fuente de energía. En este sentido, la legislación en materia de Comunicación Nuclear contempla la transparencia como la base fundamental para esa interacción con la sociedad. En este artículo se revisa la normativa internacional, europea y nacional para conocer si la población está protegida por la ley en materia informativa en asuntos nucleares y para conocer la proyección e influencia que esa regulación tiene en la gestión de la comunicación de estas industrias.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
doing, the editors, Constance Bantman, a specialist in French political exiles in late nineteenth-century Britain and anarchist transnationalism, and Ana Cl audia Suriani da Silva, a specialist in nineteenth-century Brazilian literature, with a sharp interest in the transatlantic circulation and globalization of printed culture, have also rescued an object from relative oblivion: the political press in London and surroundings published by expatriates, exiles, and foreigners established in Britain. The introduction reflects on the foreign political press, rather than using phrases such as the exile press or emigr e journalism, the latter proposed by Simon Burrows in his thought-provoking transnational study French Exile Journalism and European Politics, 1792–1814 (Boydell Press 2000). Bantman adopts the term “the foreign political press” to undo a longstanding myth that press titles published in a country in a foreign language are necessarily dissident; secessionist; and, therefore, dangerous for the very stability of the country in which they appear (5–7)—an assumption traditionally made about the foreign-language press in the United States in the early twentieth century. This is only one of the edited volume’s merits, however. Through stimulating case studies spanning the long nineteenth century and covering the Portuguese, Spanish, Latin American, Italian, French, German, Russian, and Indian press in Britain, readers are invited to consider the various contexts to which these periodicals belong. The result is a thorough analysis of the print culture of these various groups back home, the tensions or imagined united identity within each group, British print culture, political identities, etc. The introduction highlights the move from the local to the global that spurred the creation of a transnational public sphere through the periodical press. This study represents the first endeavor to consider the foreign political press in Britain globally by looking at the production of these communities together, rather than in isolation, as has been the case until now. Beyond internecine community tensions or cohesion, biographies of editors and journalists at the end of the volume confirm collaboration across ethnic and linguistic boundaries, especially in anarchist circles and editorial milieux. The Foreign Political Press in Nineteenth-Century London: Politics from a Distance is a valuable addition to the field of Victorian periodical studies, which is increasingly embracing the transnational turn. The reference team for The Edinburgh History of the British and Irish Press, 1800–1900, launched in 2015 and forthcoming in 2019, has announced that it is devoting a section to ethnic and language minority publications, with reference to immigration waves. In its 2017 Language Matters symposium, Transfopress, a French-based network launched in 2012 and federating scholars of the foreign-language press internationally, narrowed the focus by making the foreign-language press in Britain—rather than the foreign political press—part of its study object. Whereas most sections of The Foreign Political Press in Nineteenth-Century London address press titles published in Spanish, Italian, German, French, or even Russian in Britain, Ole B. Laursen’s chapter on “The Indian Nationalist Press in London, 1865–1914” deals with English-language titles, alerting us that not all of the foreign political press was published in a foreign language. This chapter adds further complexity to the theoretical coinage foreign political press, as Laursen reflects on ways in which the Indian Nationalist Press in London in this period was foreign in spirit (175–76), rather than in language or even, perhaps, nationality— Swan Sik Ko contended in Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective that Indians in British colonial India tended to be regarded as “British subjects” after Britain assumed direct control in 1858 (Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990, 69). This chapter begs for further investigation of that phrase, to disclose the multiple levels of foreignness that the foreign political press in nineteenth-century London and Britain might have embodied, while still partaking in making the city more multicultural. The Foreign Political Press in Nineteenth-Century London is a mustread for anybody with a taste for the Victorian press, Victorian politics, cosmopolitanism, and immigration in late nineteenth-century London. It resolutely convinces readers that the foreign political press is a fully fledged part of the British press. It paves the way for a more global reappraisal of that press, whose extent is still largely underestimated; because of its categorization as foreign, material difficulties of production, or subversive nature, these works were less likely than English-language titles to be preserved as national heritage. This edited volume is, therefore, also bound to interest librarians dealing with the identification, categorization, and analysis of these materials.
This article is describing the main genre forms used in the local periodicals in the 1930s. It talks about both the journalistic genres themselves (notes, editorials, reports), and the genres of business communication (orders, decisions, bylaws, etc.) that played a signifi cant role in the press of those years. The article also considers the genres of "letters" (in its genre variations), the "heroic list" and the "black list". The article analyses the factors that infl uenced creation of the genre palette of the media, including the perception of journalism as means of propaganda, the need to solve production tasks facing collective farms, state farms and machine and tractor stations, insuffi cient journalistic skills of editorial staff. The research is based on local periodicals of the Amur Region in 1934.
Osyp Nazaruk’s arguments covering the problems, the purposes and the functions of the press are systematized and addressed as a holistic and completed concept, formed by his lifelong journalistic activism, in particular, as a military correspondent, journalist and editor in chief of the periodicals, such as Strilets (Rifleman), Ukrainskyi Prapor (Ukrainian Flag), Sich, Ameryka (America), Nova Zorya (New Star), as well as the head of the ministry of the press and the propaganda of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. The predictive value and relevance of certain elements of his concept are pointed out. The specifics of the interpretation of the concepts of «national press» to which Osyp Nazaruk assigned a key part in the nation-building and state-building processes, are explained. He considered that «national press» must propagate the national idea, consolidate and enlighten the society and, most importantly, is funded by the society. Reflecting on the causes of the defeat of the liberation struggle, Osyp Nazaruk came to the conclusion that in conditions of war the journalist must be guided primarily by the strategic interests of the state. An in-depth analysis of the columnist’s views on the mission of the Catholic press as a mouthpiece of the Christian worldview is provided. His understanding of the effective organization of editorial board operations, the layout of the newspaper edition, the skill of argumentation and persuasion, etc. is outlined. Osyp Nazaruk considered courage, truthfulness, patriotism as the main advantages of high-quality opinion journalism. Key words: Osyp Nazaruk, press, opinion journalism, interwar period.
Moda ve moda ürünleri üzerine bilgilerini, kullanıma
yönelik deneyim ve değerlendirmelerini tüketicilerle paylaşan Instabloggerlar
moda haftalarının vazgeçilmez figürleri haline gelmiştir. Tüketiciler
tarafından güvenilir ve samimi bilgi kaynakları olarak görülen bu Nüfuzlular,
pazarlamacıların ağızdan ağıza reklam uygulamalarının da son dönemdeki ana
aktörleridir. Sosyal ağların yepyeni bir uygulama alanı açtığı ağızdan ağıza
iletişim; ürün yerleştirme taktiğiyle işlerlik, Nüfuz Pazarlaması’yla ise yaygınlık
kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Mikro Moda Instabloggerlarının ürün
yerleştirme uygulamalarını incelemek, uygulamanın Instagram’daki bileşenlerine
dair tanımlayıcı bir çerçeve sunmak ve bu bileşenler arasındaki ilişkileri
ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, içerik analizi yöntemiyle 273 ürün
yerleştirmeli Instagram paylaşımı incelenmiş ve bulgular paylaşılmıştır.
Belirginlik, anlatısal uyum, interaktivite, diyalog düzeyi, ürün yerleştirme
sıklığı ve etkileşim düzeyi arasındaki ilişkilerin yanı sıra cinsiyet ve hesap
türünün (Yüksek Moda/Sokak Modası) ürün yerleştirme uygulamalarında yarattığı
farklar ortaya konmuştur.