Luiz Augusto Brusaca, Nidhi Gupta, David M. Hallman
et al.
Abstract Background Physical behaviours over a 24-hour period are important for health. However, we do not know if interventions using a “24-hour time-use approach” are more effective in improving 24-hour time-use behaviours than the traditional “reduce sitting at work approach”. Thus, the aim of our non-randomised controlled study was to investigate this in a high-risk group of overweight and obese Brazilian office workers. Methods Forty-five office workers were allocated to three non-randomised controlled groups; “Reduce sitting at work” (n = 15) receiving an intervention focused on reducing sitting time at work; the “24-hour” (n = 15) receiving an intervention aiming to reduce sitting at work as well as promoting behavioural changes around 24 hours (e.g., sedentary lifestyle, benefits of physical activity, and healthy sleep hygiene); or “control” (n = 15) without any intervention. Daily time spent in physical behaviours (sitting, standing, active, and in bed) was monitored for 7 days using a thigh-worn accelerometer at baseline, and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Intervention effects were analysed using linear mixed models, adjusted for baseline values, age, and sex, with a compositional data analysis approach. Results At baseline, the demographic characteristics and 24-hour physical behaviours of the groups were similar. No significant intervention effect was observed between the intervention groups for the overall 24-hour composition, except for time-in-bed, which decreased for Reduce sitting at work compared to 24-hour group from baseline to the 6-month follow-up (p-value = 0.02). Compared to the control group, both intervention approaches resulted in less time spent sitting, more time standing, and less time-in-bed from baseline to the 3-month follow-up, but these effects were not sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Notably, domain-specific (i.e., work and leisure) analysis revealed that most changes in the overall 24-hour composition occurred due to changes in behaviours during working hours. Conclusions Among Brazilian overweight and obese office workers, the “24-hour time-use approach” may not lead to better improvements in overall 24-hour composition of physical behaviours compared to the traditional “reduce sitting at work approach”.
Jurrijn A. Koelen, Lisa de Koning, Matilda K. Nottage
et al.
Online cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is a promising treatment for depression and anxiety among university students but faces high dropout rates. Understanding the reasons behind dropout or completion can help improve the implementation of iCBT in educational settings. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 32 students who dropped out early (n = 9), midway (n = 12), or completed (n = 11) guided or unguided iCBT in the context of a randomized controlled trial. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2012) thematic analysis. Common themes among dropouts included personal factors (like competing priorities), perceived difficulty or redundancy of the intervention, and lack of human interaction. Early dropouts uniquely cited disbelief in the intervention's efficacy and preference for other mental health support. Midway dropouts mentioned issues with the interactivity, feedback, content, perceived effectiveness, and lack of personalization. Completers had positive initial impressions, valued the online format, found the exercises and guidance helpful, and felt cared for. The themes identified among participants who dropped out from or completed the iCBT intervention provide valuable insights into factors which may be of importance for retention. Implications regarding setting expectations, participant selection, interactive functionalities, personalized feedback, and the role of therapist guidance are discussed.
Farah Fadilah Hasyim,1 Hari Setyowibowo,2 Fredrick Dermawan Purba2 1Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Farah Fadilah Hasyim, Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, Tel +62895803776130, Email farah22009@mail.unpad.ac.idAbstract: In this review, the causes of the Quarter Life Crisis, a prevalent phenomenon in emerging adulthood, was evaluated. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was used for this research’s systematic review. We browsed a variety of academic studies that had been published in English language, published in PubMed, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, and Semantic Scholars that examine quarter life crisis. The literature search generated a total of 3100 publications. After removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full-text evaluation, there were 14 articles were included in the final analysis. The results were validated and examined. There were internal and external factors impacting quarter life crisis. The most powerful internal influences were commitment to purpose, spirituality, and anxiety. Meanwhile, social support, age, and gender were the most important external influences.Keywords: quarter life crisis, early adulthood, systematic literature review
Orientation: Given the prevalence of apologies, it is crucial to consider how followers perceive the effectiveness of a leader’s apology.
Research purpose: This article conducts an empirical study on the factors that influence followers’ perceptions of their leaders’ apologies, following leaders’ wrongdoing.
Motivation for the study: This article maps the elements of an effective leader’s apology, as well as identifies the situational moderators of such apologies, which can help equip and empower leaders when they need to apologise.
Research approach/design and method: A total of 311 questionnaires, completed by followers from South Africa and around the world, were quantitatively analysed for the study. After conducting an exploratory factor analysis, a path model was developed, and partial least squares structural equation modelling was conducted.
Main findings: The quality of leaders’ apology content, the promptness of the apology, the perception of justice it evokes and the delivery channel all have a significant positive relationship with both the degree to which followers perceive the apology as authentic and the quality of the leader–follower relationship (LFR) after the apology. These relationships are moderated by followers’ perceptions of leader transgression preventability. The LFR quality prior to the transgression moderates the relationship between leader apology content, promptness, fairness and delivery channel on post LFR.
Practical/managerial implications: The study provides guidance on what leaders should include when formulating a quality apology, especially when followers perceive the wrongdoing as preventable. The study cautions against overreliance on LFRs prior to the wrongdoing.
Contribution/value-add: This study aims to fill an existing gap in empirical research on leaders’ apologies.
Priyanshi Dixit, Saumya P Srivastava, Surya Kant Tiwari
et al.
Background: Nurses frequently experience compassion fatigue and burnout, which impact their personal lives and patient care. The COVID-19 pandemic additionally caused stress, uncertainty, and fear of death among healthcare professionals. Aim: To assess professional quality of life (ProQoL) among nurses after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 nurses using a purposive sampling technique in the month of September to December 2021. Data were collected using a self-administered ProQoL scale version 5. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used. Bivariate correlations were used to correlate the main variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was also performed. Results: The majority of the nurses reported a moderate level of compassion satisfaction (CS) (62.6%), burnout (BO) (66.0%), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) (63.1%). Residence and education emerged as a factor whether the nurses experienced BO or STS, respectively. Additionally, CS negatively correlated with BO (r = -0.732: P < 0.001) and STS (r = -0.141: p-0.04). Conclusions: The majority of the nurses experienced moderate levels of CS, BO, and STS after the second wave of the COVID-19 crisis and nurse patient–ratio emerged as a significant factor to predict CS, BO, or STS. Hence, effective measures need to be implemented by hospital administration to enhance the nurses' satisfaction and reduce fatigue and burnout.
Abstract Background The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) is a new burnout measure developed to replace the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Studies have supported the psychometric properties and cross-cultural measurement invariance of the BAT. However, some unresolved questions remain. These questions are the appropriate level of score interpretation, convergent validity with the MBI, and measurement invariance using sample groups from countries outside of Europe. Methods We used a cross-sectional survey approach to obtain 794 participants from Australia (n = 200), the Netherlands (n = 199), South Africa (n = 197), and the United States (n = 198). In brief, we used bifactor modelling to investigate the appropriate score interpretation and convergent validity with the MBI. Hereafter, we used the Rasch model and ordinal logistic regression to investigate differential item functioning. Results The bifactor model showed a large general factor and four small group factors, which suggests calculating and interpreting a general burnout score. This model further shows that the BAT and MBI measure the same burnout construct but that the BAT is a more comprehensive burnout measure. Most items fit the Rasch model, and few showed non-negligible differential item functioning. Conclusions Our results support the psychometric properties and cross-cultural measurement invariance of the BAT in Australia, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States. Furthermore, we provide some clarity on the three previously mentioned unresolved questions.
Zhen-Hua Li,1,* Jie Wang,1,* Xin Cheng,1,* Yi-Cheng Mao,1 Kang-Di Zhang,1 Wen-Jie Yu,1 Ying-Qing Li,1 Kai Huang,1,2 Kun Ding,1 Xiao-Jing Yang,1 Cheng-Yang Hu,3 Xiu-Jun Zhang1,4 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 4Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Cheng-Yang Hu; Xiu-Jun Zhang, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 551 65167031 ; +86 551 65169635, Email cy.hu@ahmu.edu.cn; zhangxiujun@ahmu.edu.cnBackground: There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on public mental health. However, less attention has been paid to left-behind experience college students (LBEs). This online study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and anxiety among LBEs during COVID-19 pandemic, and further analyze the mediation role of self-esteem between them.Methods: A total of 9990 students were chosen using the stratified cluster sampling method. Three self-reported questionnaires were used to assess the PsyCap, self-esteem, and anxiety, respectively. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0 and R, and to further investigate the mediation effect of self-esteem in the association of PsyCap with anxiety, AMOS 23.0 was used to build a structural equation model.Results: PsyCap, self-esteem, and anxiety were significantly correlated among LBEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyCap affects anxiety directly (β = – 0.22, SE = 0.051, 95% CI: – 0.27, – 0.17, P < 0.05). In addition, self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and anxiety (mediating effect value = – 0.16, 95% CI: – 0.20, – 0.13, P < 0.05).Conclusion: During the pandemic of COVID-19, left-behind experience had a negative influence on the PsyCap and self-esteem of college students. In addition, for LBEs, self-esteem plays an important mediating role between PsyCap and anxiety. Therefore, from the perspective of PsyCap and self-esteem, schools should translate them into practical educational strategies to enhance the mental health and mitigate the anxiety levels of LBEs.Keywords: left-behind experience, COVID-19, psychology, mental health
Introduction/Main Objectives: The study proposed is written based on the results of quantitative research and the analysis of the theory and practice of leadership. The study's main objective is to determine the essential traits of a leader for effective interaction with team members. Background Problems: Most research on this topic chose a leader's traits based on analyzing literary sources rather than on empirical research. Novelty: The traits for the most effective collaboration between leader and team members were chosen by potential and actual members of the leader's team, namely students and teachers of the University. Research Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of 103 teachers and 421 Bogomolets National Medical University (Kyiv) students. The statistical analysis was carried out using Wald Test. Finding/Results: The research confirmed that both respondent categories admitted the importance of all leadership traits. At the same time, such traits as passion, effectiveness, self-confidence, determination, and ability to take risks appeared to be more significant for the students than for the teachers. The teachers ranked such a trait as decency higher than the students did. Also, such issues as the importance of organizational culture, ethical aspects of leadership, and the most effective leadership style for productive interaction with team members were examined. Conclusion: This study proposed complex recommendations for creating the most productive model of the interaction between the leader and team members based on the data obtained.
Johanna Freund, Claudia Buntrock, Lina Braun
et al.
Introduction: Farmers, forest workers and gardeners have a higher risk of developing depression compared to other occupational populations. As part of the German pilot project “With us in balance”, the potential of six guided internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) to prevent depression among their insurants is examined. The IMI program is tailored to various risk factors of depression, individual symptoms, and needs. Although IMIs have been shown to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms, there is little qualitative research about the acceptance of digital preventive IMIs. The aim of this qualitative study is to gain insights into participants' experiences with the guided IMIs by focusing on determinants for acceptance and satisfaction. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22/171 (13 %) intervention group (IG) participants of a randomized controlled trial. The interview guide was developed based on theoretical models of user acceptance (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) and patient satisfaction (evaluation model, discrepancy theory). The interviews were evaluated independently by two coders performing a deductive-inductive content analysis and attaining a substantial level of agreement (K = 0.73). Results: The qualitative analysis revealed 71 determinants for acceptance and satisfaction across ten dimensions: performance expectancy, organisation, e-coach, usability, training content and structure, training usage, training outcome, financing, social influence, and behavioural intention. The most frequently identified drivers for the IMI use include “location independence”, “positive relationship to the e-coach” (each n = 19, 86 %), “personal e-coach guidance”, “expertise of the e-coach”, “target group specific adaptation” (each n = 18, 82 %), “flexibility”, “high willingness for renewed participation” (each n = 17, 77 %), “fast and easy availability”, “training of health enhancing attitudes and behaviours” and “content with figurative expressions” (each n = 16, 73 %). Discussion: The qualitative findings predominantly suggest the acceptance of and satisfaction with the IMI program for the prevention of depression in famers and related lines of work. Many identified positive drivers are related to the e-coach guidance, which emphasizes its importance in the preventive setting from the perspective of the participants. Nevertheless, some negative aspects have been identified which help to understand potential weaknesses of the IMI program. Participants indicated different needs in terms of IMI content and usage, which points towards the potential benefit of individualisation. The possibility of being able to use IMIs anonymously, flexibly and independently of location might be highly relevant for this specific target group.
Every year, students around the globe embark upon their higher education journey, making the onboarding of these students a critical task for colleges and universities. Combined with the growth in distance learning and the rapid development in technologies, the onboarding process occurs increasingly in the digital setting. For this reason, the objective of this scoping review was to report and map interventions, which are used in digital onboarding of first-year students in higher education institutions and explore the digital settings that characterized these interventions. The PRISMA-ScR Guidelines and the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis guided this investigation, which included researching four databases and screening the resulting titles and abstracts to identify the 17 sources of evidence included in the final analysis. According to our results, digital and virtual onboarding interventions were categorized into four onboarding dimensions: information interventions, socialization interventions, counseling interventions, and self-study interventions. Examples of the purposes and outcomes of these onboarding interventions included the transfer of information and the socialization of incoming students. Of the five onboarding settings that were also identified in the categorization, telecommunication software and virtual environments predominated. An independently developed onboarding tool could combine the identified onboarding settings and dimensions in the future.
Stephanie O. Sangalang, Allen Lemuel G. Lemence, Zheina J. Ottong
et al.
Abstract Background The impacts of multicomponent school water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) interventions on children’s health are unclear. We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial to test the effects of a school WaSH intervention on children’s malnutrition, dehydration, health literacy (HL), and handwashing (HW) in Metro Manila, Philippines. Methods The trial lasted from June 2017 to March 2018 and included children, in grades 5, 6, 7, and 10, from 15 schools. At baseline 756 children were enrolled. Seventy-eight children in two clusters were purposively assigned to the control group (CG); 13 clusters were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: low-intensity health education (LIHE; two schools, n = 116 children), medium-intensity health education (MIHE; seven schools, n = 356 children), and high-intensity health education (HIHE; four schools, n = 206 children). The intervention consisted of health education (HE), WaSH policy workshops, provision of hygiene supplies, and WaSH facilities repairs. Outcomes were: height-for-age and body mass index-for-age Z scores (HAZ, BAZ); stunting, undernutrition, overnutrition, dehydration prevalence; HL and HW scores. We used anthropometry to measure children’s physical growth, urine test strips to measure dehydration, questionnaires to measure HL, and observation to measure HW practice. The same measurements were used during baseline and endline. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic and linear regression models to assess intervention effects. Results None of the interventions reduced undernutrition prevalence or improved HAZ, BAZ, or overall HL scores. Low-intensity HE reduced stunting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.96), while low- (aOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.96) and high-intensity HE (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.93) reduced overnutrition. Medium- (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.04) and high-intensity HE (aIRR 0.01; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.16) reduced severe dehydration. Medium- (aOR 3.18; 95% CI 1.34 to 7.55) and high-intensity HE (aOR 3.89; 95% CI 3.74 to 4.05) increased observed HW after using the toilet/urinal. Conclusion Increasing the intensity of HE reduced prevalence of stunting, overnutrition, and severe dehydration and increased prevalence of observed HW. Data may be relevant for school WaSH interventions in the Global South. Interventions may have been more effective if adherence was higher, exposure to interventions longer, parents/caregivers were more involved, or household WaSH was addressed. Trial registration number DRKS00021623.
Orientation: Overreliance on goodness-of-fit (GoF) indices in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fit evaluations appears to negatively influence the integrity and replicability of research findings in general, and on research to develop work-to-family enrichment (WFE) theory in particular.
Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to test for the conceptual replicability of the essentially unidimensional CFA model of the MACE Work-to-Family Enrichment scale (MACE-W2FE) using Bayesian structural equation modelling.
Motivation for the study: Multidimensional and second-order factor models are commonly reported for WFE instruments, but the more tenable essentially unidimensional model has remained largely untested, because of the limitations of GoF indices.
Research approach/design and method: Two independent cross-sectional study samples of 627 and 346 employees from various industry sectors was used. Bayesian structural equation modelling (BSEM) was applied to assess whether model misspecifications at local indicator level were substantive in terms of classical test theory, and justified the rejection of an essentially unidimensional CFA model (the breadth factor) for different MACE-W2FE versions.
Main findings: In this study it was found that the essentially unidimensional model of the MACE-W2FE conceptually replicated across different studies, samples, MACE-W2FE versions and statistical theorems.
Practical/managerial implications: The MACE-W2FE can be univocally scored as a single breadth factor for use in future research.
Contribution/value-add: This study demonstrated the value of local indicator misspecification analysis using BSEM in countering deficient model testing in WFE studies.
Abstract The basic income (BI) involves regular and unconditional cash payments to all members of a political community, without the requirement or expectation to work in return. Whereas the BI is increasingly discussed by political parties, organizational practitioners, and in other academic disciplines, the field of industrial, work, and organizational (IWO) psychology has so far remained silent on the concept. In this article, we first explain why there is a growing interest in the BI and outline potential reasons why the BI, despite its topical relevance, has not been discussed by IWO psychologists. Next, to initiate the needed discussion on the BI, we outline the most important background information on the concept, including its definition, history, financial aspects, main criticisms, and potential advantages. We further provide first answers to common questions about the BI from an IWO psychology perspective, such as “(Why) would people still work if they received a BI?” We conclude with a discussion of potential positive and negative consequences of the BI as well implications for future theory development, empirical research, and practical applications.
With rapid advances in technology in several fields of human life, we are entering the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR), which is changing the way businesses create value, people do their work and individuals interact and communicate with each other. In this framework, many questions have arisen about how these transformations affect workers, organizations and societies, and Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP) has been called upon to address some of these open issues. In particular, this article focuses on two aspects of the FIR. The first considers the expansion of automation in the workplace and raises questions such as: how is the relationship between workers and technology changing? How is it affecting people’s well-being? How can we expect it to affect employment and equality in the future? The second is related to how job transformation will influence requirements for knowledge and skills; the main question is: which competence profile, considering hard and soft skills, is required and expected in the work of the future? The aim of the present paper is to improve the understanding of some of the major issues that workers and organizations are, or will be, asked to face, by providing information that will be useful to facilitate debate, research and interventions. In the conclusion section, research, and practical implications at organizational, political and institutional levels are discussed.
Magdalena Siegel, Junia Sophia Nur Eder, J. Wicherts
et al.
Effect misestimations plague Psychological Science, but advances in the identification of dissemination biases in general and publication bias in particular have helped in dealing with biased effects in the literature. However, the application of publication bias detection methods appears to be not equally prevalent across subdisciplines. It has been suggested that particularly in I/O Psychology, appropriate publication bias detection methods are underused. In this meta-meta-analysis, we present prevalence estimates, predictors, and time trends of publication bias in 128 meta-analyses that were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology (7,263 effect sizes, 3,000,000 + participants). Moreover, we reanalyzed data of 87 meta-analyses and applied nine standard and more modern publication bias detection methods. We show that (a) the bias detection method applications are underused (only 41% of meta-analyses use at least one method) but have increased in recent years, (b) those meta-analyses that apply such methods now use more, but mostly inappropriate methods, and (c) the prevalence of potential publication bias is concerning but mostly remains undetected. Although our results indicate somewhat of a trend toward higher bias awareness, they substantiate concerns about potential publication bias in I/O Psychology, warranting increased researcher awareness about appropriate and state-of-the-art bias detection and triangulation. Embracing open science practices such as data sharing or study preregistration is needed to raise reproducibility and ultimately strengthen Psychological Science in general and I/O Psychology in particular. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Sergio A Useche,1,2 Francisco Alonso,1,2 Boris Cendales,3 Javier Llamazares4 1Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 3Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia; 4Department of Technology, ESIC Business and Marketing School, Madrid, SpainCorrespondence: Sergio A UsecheDATS, Carrer del Serpis 29, 3rd Floor, Valencia, 46022, SpainTel +34 611317890Email sergio.useche@uv.esIntroduction: Recent evidence consistently highlights the adverse work environment of long-haul professional drivers, whose task structure typically involves the performance of extensive shifts, driving under stressful working conditions. In this regard, job stress and fatigue – that are highly prevalent in this workforce – seem to play a crucial role in explaining this group’s negative traffic safety outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether work-related fatigue is a mechanism that mediates the relationship between job stress, health indicators and occupational traffic crashes of long-haul truck drivers (LHTD).Methods: The data used in this study were collected from 521 Spanish long-haul truck drivers (97% males) from all 17 regions of Spain, with a mean age of 47 years.Results: Utilizing structural equation models (SEM), it was found that work-traffic crashes of long-haul truck drivers could be explained through work-related fatigue that exerts a full mediation between job stress (job strain), health-related factors and traffic crashes suffered during the previous two years.Discussion: Overall, the findings of this research support that a) stressful working conditions and health issues of drivers have significant effects on traffic crashes, and b) fatigue is a mechanism relating stress-related factors and work-traffic crashes of long-haul drivers. This study highlights the need of stress- and fatigue-management policies and interventions, in order to reduce the crash risk of long-haul truck drivers.Keywords: psychosocial factors at work, long-haul truck drivers, job stress, fatigue, occupational accidents