Tire Bandosu, 1923 yılında Tire’de kurulmuş, Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk bandolarından birisidir. Yüzüncü yaşını doldurmuş olan bando her cuma akşamüstü bayrak töreni için Tire meydanında çalmakta, resmi bayramlarda ve törenlerde görevlerini yerine getirmektedir. 1923 yılında kurtuluş savaşı sonunda Yunan işgali biter. Tire’deki işgal kuvvetleri hızlı bir şekilde kaçarken, kendilerine ait bando enstrümanlarını askeri karargâh olarak kullandıkları Kurtuluş okulda bırakıp giderler. Savaştan yeni dönmüş olan Tireli Ali Başargan, İngiliz esiriyken Mısır’da askeri bandoda müzik eğitimi almış olduğundan, bu enstrümanları bulduklarında Tire’de bando kurmaya karar verir. Enstrümanları çalmayı bilen üç savaş gazisi Tireli, Ali Başargan, Demirci Mehmet Çavuş ve Berber Mehmet Ali Efendi bu şekilde bandoyu kurarlar ve ardından birçok kişiyi bandoya dahil ederler. Tire Bandosu, kuruluş yılının öneminin yanında, Atatürk'ün 1937'de Nazilli Basma Fabrikası'nı ziyareti sırasında kendisini karşılaması ve 1925’den 1943 yılına kadar her 9 Eylül’de İzmir’in kurtuluşu kutlamalarında görev alması ile tarihi bir değere sahiptir. Ağırlıklı olarak Tire'de yaşayan ve farklı meslek gruplarına ait çalışanlardan, bununla birlikte askeri bandodan emekli olmuş profesyonellerden de oluşan Tire Bandosu, Tire Belediyesinin desteği ile halen aktif bir şekilde hayatına devam etmektedir. Kuruluşunun ilk yıllarından bugüne kadar bandoda yer alan amatör ve profesyonel müzisyenlerin birlikte çalmalarının getirdiği sosyal, kültürel, manevi değerler, aidiyet duygusu, kimlik arayışı gibi olguların incelenmesi bu makalenin temel hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bunların yanında, Tire Bandosu'nun yıllar içinde devamının nasıl sağlandığı, sürekliliğin nasıl oluştuğu ve bunu bir arada tutan sosyolojik faktörlerin neler olduğu da bu araştırmanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale betimsel analiz yöntemiyle yazılan detaylı sözlü ve yazılı tarihi kaynaklara ulaşarak bilginin yayılmasını amaçlamaktadır.
تاريخ الالقاب عند العرب والمسلمين واسع الميدان بعيد المدى وأغرب مافي تطور هذا اللقب أنه استعمل للمدح والتعظيم بعدما كان للذم والاحتقار، وكان العرب اذا ارادت تعظيم المخاطب به خاطبته بالكنية، ثم ترقوا عن الكنى الى الالقاب الحسنة.
لقد اهتم العرب بالالقاب وأخذت تشغل حيزاً كبيراً واولعوا بها وتفننوا وتفاخروا ببعضها الآخر في مجالسهم الادبية وحلقاتهم العلمية وكانوا يقولون (الالقاب تنزل من السماء).
وللالقاب ابعاد سياسية مهمة وما تمنحه لصاحبها من الامتيازات المعنوية ومادية وسياسية وتضفي له مكانة رفيعة.
بأنتقال الخلافة الى العباسيين أصبح للالقاب شأن عظيم في الدولة وذلك كصدى للتغيير الكبير الذي طرأ على الدولة الاسلامية والذي كان من مظاهرها الميل الى الاقتباس من الحضارة الفارسية وتقاليدها وكان من أثر ذلك أقتباس القاب جديدة.
لم يكد أن ينتصف العقد الرابع من القرن الرابع الهجري، القرن العاشر الميلادي الا وكان البويهييون([i]) على اعتاب أبواب بغداد، واستيلائهم على الحكم واستبدادهم بالسلطة، ازداد النفوذ الفارسي وربما كان من مظاهر ازدياد هذا النفوذ ازدياد العناية والاهتمام بالالقاب وتنظيمها فضلاً عن ظهور القاب جديدة فعرفت بالالقاب المضافة الى (الدولة) و (الملة) و (الامة). واتخذ البويهيون القاباً تنم عن تعظيم وتكريم لحاملها لمنزلة سياسية وصل اليها كأوحد الزمان مثل (الشاهنشاه) و (ملك الملوك).
وما للالقاب من اهمية فقد اختصت دراستنا للالقاب في فترة التلسط البويهي في العراق
(334-447هـ/945-1055م)، وتضمنت دراسة تاريخية للقب. وتطور المعنى التاريخي له، ومن ثم دراسة وتحليل القاب الامراء البويهيين معناها ودلالاتها وأبعادها والالقاب المضافة الى الالقاب، وكذلك الآراء الفقهية حول منح اللقب والمراسيم المتبعة في منح اللقب.
([i]) البويهيون: ينتسب البويهيون الى أبي شجاع بن بويه بن فناخسرو من قبلية (شيرزل اوند) من الديلم من جبال البرز في الجنوب الغربي لبحر قزوين. فقد اختلف المؤرخون في نسبهم، منهم من يرجعهم الى ملوك الفرس ومنهم من يرجعهم الى بني حنبة من العرب. ينظر: مسكويه، تجارب الامم، جـ5، ص5، المقريزي، السلوك، جـ1، ص129. ابن العديم، بغية الطلب، جـ7، ص3259. وللمزيد ينظر: غضبان، البويهيون في فارس، ص119-172.
On 25 July 2017 Juana Rivas publicly announced that she would not obey court orders by not presenting her children at the meeting point with their Italian father, whom she had left a year earlier and whom she accused of domestic violence, and then disappeared with the two children for four weeks. This article focuses on the arguments used to legitimise Juana Rivas' decision, and more specifically the use of the figure of civil disobedience. It examines the strategies employed based on an analysis of the protagonist's discourse, in the letters she made public, and the campaign of support for her launched by various feminist networks and left-wing activists during August 2017 on social networks (#JuanaEstaEnMiCasa) and in the online press. It shows how, in a context of negotiation of the State Pact against Gender Violence, calls for civil disobedience, relayed not by Juana Rivas, but by activist networks, fit into a traditional and innovative repertoire of action aimed at opening a debate on the judicial treatment of this violence and on the protection of children in cases of gender violence. This contribution thus highlights one of the strategies used by Spanish feminists to help energise mobilisation and advance their demand for feminist justice.
Trades were, and still are part of the daily life of any society and in particular reflect its economic aspect. As far as the Roman period is concerned, Algeria, like its neighbors, has seen a great deal of interest in archaeological research, especially in the urban environment. Many discoveries have been made, notably Latin inscriptions of all kinds. Pagan epitaphs beginning with the formula DMS make up the greatest number of these funerary inscriptions, which are invaluable documents that tell us about people's social lives, and bear witness to the diversity of professional activities and the economic dynamics of these urban centers during the Roman era. In this paper, we attempt to provide an insight into the various trades - craft, administrative, agricultural, commercial, domestic and artistic - and the status of the people who practiced them in Numidian towns such as Cirta, the administrative capital, Cuicul, a medium-sized town, and Thamughadi, the model for a Roman colony. This choice is justified by the greater number of inscriptions.
مثلت الهند تجربة رائدة في العالم النامي من حيث مبادئ الديمقراطية والتعددية الحزبية وإعطاء دور مهم ومؤثر للمعارضة السياسية، وأثبات إمكانية تطبيق الديمقراطية, إذ نجحت في تحقيق الاندماج الوطني للسياسات الهندية على الرغم من وجود بعض المشاكل التي تستجد مع كل متغير, فضلا عن نجاح التجربة البرلمانية الهندية بتنوع أيدولجيات أحزابها السياسية, وقاد راجيف غاندي الهند في مرحلة مهمة من تاريخها، وعمل على تعزيز الأسس الديمقراطية وتقوية حكم القانون في البلاد, وكان تعزيز الديمقراطية أحد أهم أغراض راجيف غاندي, فقام بتعزيز قيم الشفافية والمشاركة الشعبية وحقوق المواطنين, وأدرك غاندي أهمية تمكين الشعب الهندي وضمان مشاركته في صنع القرارات.
ABDALBASIT ADAM MARIOD, Haroun Elrasheed, M. A. Agab
The history of Sudanese traditional medicine is well-established and ancient since the civilization of Kush and Meroe, through the Islamic kingdoms in Sennar, Kordofan, and Darfur, up to the period of Turkish and English-Egyptian colonization, and the development of traditional medicine until it reached what it is now in Sudan from the spread of folk healers. Traditional medicine healers are those who practice medicine by genetics, experience, knowledge, and subjective experience. In this chapter, the most important traditional healing practices such as Alfaki, Alkaiy, All Basir, etc. have been highlighted throughout history.
Muhammed Yasin Taskesenlioglu, S. Ercişli, M. Kupe
et al.
The Anatolian peninsula has long been linked with the origins of viticulture and winemaking. Erzincan province in Anatolia hosted many civilizations in the past, and each civilization used grapes for different purposes. From past to present, viticulture carried out with the famous ‘Karaerik’ grape (Vitis vinifera L.) on old traditional Baran training system to avoid cold damage occurred in winter months. During the old civilizations, the cultivar was used only for wine production, but after the first period of the 1900s, this situation changed, and the cultivar was used for table consumption because wine is banned by Islam. The archaeological findings in Erzincan province revealed the cultivar has existed in the province for centuries, and in each historical period, the cultivar was used sustainably, added value to the region, and brought cultural heritage from generation to generation. Grape production in Erzincan province has been a symbol of abundance, fertility and productivity since mythological times. The historical facts indicated that viticulture and winemaking had been a dispensable part of the Erzincan economy and rural development. The vineyards apply the same sustainable management practices from which they receive their grapes. The traditional Baran training system is used for all vineyards. The viticulture in the province has been strongly committed to improving environmental and social sustainability throughout history.
Every emergence and development of industrial revolution in the history of human civilization is based on the extensive utilization of different energy sources. More than fifty years, the discussion of limited energy sources and sustainable development has acknowledged huge importance from the environmentalists. This study expanded the horizon of the debate about primary and renewable energy, analyzed the trend of renewable energy sources driven by the fourth industrial revolution. In this context, the study discussed the aspects of The Paris Agreement 2015, the responses to climate change and sustainable growth. Results indicated that primary energy sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas, hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, are the major energy sources which boosted up past industrial revolutions and hold the largest share of energy at present; whereas the share of renewable energy sources, especially the wind and solar sources which is going to be accelerated by the fourth industrial revolution, will be risen to high record in the future. The fourth industrial revolution, which has surged directly driven by artificial intelligent technologies, is going to speed up the utilization of renewable energy sources, and the clean, non-polluting, renewable energy is going to take the place of primary one sooner or later.
This article proposes a reflection based on a French case study, concerning more precisely the region of La Rochelle, on the border dynamics inherent to the phenomenon of balnearization. As a process involving several spatial and corporeal scales, balnearization creates, suppresses and recreates new spaces. In this perspective, the border plays the privileged role of a place of permanent redefinition of contemporary urban identities. The study of such a phenomenon approaches four main scales of analysis: the balnearisation device as a frontier within an urbanized space (urban scale); the balnearisation as an urbanized frontier within a space considered to be natural or virgin (regional scale); balnearisation practices as producers of cultural frontiers, inducing new uses and behaviours; and finally, the body as frontier.
The article traces the main regularities of relations between representatives of the Russian society and the police overall, as well as the forms of professional influence of police officers, gendarmes and security departments on the different segments of population. The increase of society commitment under the conditions of the revolution of 1905–07 and World War I largely changed the focus of attention on part of the police. However, this did not always help its representatives to realize the causes for changes in the nature of crimes and to find effective measures to curb the criminality. The police could not and should not have brought to bear the active influence on the improvement of the socio-political situation in the country. It was the prerogative of the emperor and his government, where the nascent civil society had not gained effective leverage yet.
History of Civilization, History (General) and history of Europe
Research objectives: Analyzing characteristics of the legal status of Prince Godan, son of Ögedei Khan, who was often mentioned in different imperial, Tibetan, and late medieval Mongolian sources; clarifying the reasons why he was given the title of khan in some sources, though he never possessed this title. The author attempts to define the status, level of power, and real position of Godan among the Chinggisids and in the political structure of the Mongol Empire.
Research materials: The basis for research comprises three groups of historical sources – Mongolian imperial historiography (works of Juwayni and Rashid al-Din, “Yuan shih”, etc.), Tibetan historical works (“The Blue Annals”, “Pagsam-jonsan”, “Debter-chjamtso”), and late medieval Mongolian chronicles created under the influence of Tibetan Buddhist historiography (“Golden Tale”, “Crystal Mirror”, “Yellow History”, “White History”, “Jewel beads”, etc.). The author also used the works of specialists on Mongolian and Tibetan historiography (such as Sh. Bira, R.E. Pubaev, Yu.N. Rerikh, A.D. Tsendina) as well as the works of researchers of political and religious history of the Mongol Empire (such as V.L. Uspenskiy, H. Franke, C.P. Atwood, etc.).
The novelty of the study: It offers a systematization of historical sources of different origins to clarify some aspects of the political biography of Prince Godan, identifying his legal status as a Chinggisid and the ruler of an ulus. At the same time, the author tries to not refute sources with contradicting statements but to clarify the reasons behind such contradictions and to find information which could clarify and complement the data of other sources.
Research results: The author tries to systematize different sources on the status of Prince Godan as one of the key political figures in the history of the Mongol Empire from the 1240s to the beginning of the 1250s and the ruler of a large ulus with substantial level of power, which could be compared with that of rulers of the Golden Horde, the Chaghadaid Ulus, etc. Also, the reasons behind the brief existence of Godan’s ulus and loss of his status already by the time of his direct descendants are analyzed.
Auxiliary sciences of history, History of Civilization