Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Patricia G. F. Matsubara, Tayana Conte

Over twenty years ago, the Software Engineering (SE) research community have been involved with Evidence-Based Software Engineering (EBSE). EBSE aims to inform industrial practice with the best evidence from rigorous research, preferably from systematic literature reviews (SLRs). Since then, SE researchers have conducted many SLRs, perfected their SLR procedures, proposed alternative ways of presenting their results (such as Evidence Briefings), and profusely discussed how to conduct research that impacts practice. Nevertheless, there is still a feeling that SLRs' results are not reaching practitioners. Something is missing. In this vision paper, we introduce Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks from the health sciences, which propose gathering experts in panels to assess the existing best evidence about the impact of an intervention in all relevant outcomes and make structured recommendations based on them. The insight we can leverage from EtD frameworks is not their structure per se but all the relevant criteria for making recommendations to practitioners from SLRs. Furthermore, we provide a worked example based on an SE SLR. We also discuss the challenges the SE research and practice community may face when adopting EtD frameworks, highlighting the need for more comprehensive criteria in our recommendations to industry practitioners.

Tab, Zhang, Bjorn De Sutter et al.

Empirical research in reverse engineering and software protection is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of methods designed to protect software against unauthorized access and tampering. However, conducting such studies with professional reverse engineers presents significant challenges, including access to professionals and affordability. This paper explores the use of students as participants in empirical reverse engineering experiments, examining their suitability and the necessary training; the design of appropriate challenges; strategies for ensuring the rigor and validity of the research and its results; ways to maintain students' privacy, motivation, and voluntary participation; and data collection methods. We present a systematic literature review of existing reverse engineering experiments and user studies, a discussion of related work from the broader domain of software engineering that applies to reverse engineering experiments, an extensive discussion of our own experience running experiments ourselves in the context of a master-level software hacking and protection course, and recommendations based on this experience. Our findings aim to guide future empirical studies in RE, balancing practical constraints with the need for meaningful, reproducible results.

Lu Gao, Ke Yu, Pan Lu

Pavement deterioration modeling is important in providing information regarding the future state of the road network and in determining the needs of preventive maintenance or rehabilitation treatments. This research incorporated spatial dependence of road network into pavement deterioration modeling through a graph neural network (GNN). The key motivation of using a GNN for pavement performance modeling is the ability to easily and directly exploit the rich structural information in the network. This paper explored if considering spatial structure of the road network will improve the prediction performance of the deterioration models. The data used in this research comprises a large pavement condition data set with more than a half million observations taken from the Pavement Management Information System (PMIS) maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation. The promising comparison results indicates that pavement deterioration prediction models perform better when spatial relationship is considered.

Hayato Ishida, Amal Elsokary, Maria Aslam et al.

Realisation of significant advances in capabilities of sensors, computing, timing, and communication enabled by quantum technologies is dependent on engineering highly complex systems that integrate quantum devices into existing classical infrastructure. A systems engineering approach is considered to address the growing need for quantum-secure telecommunications that overcome the threat to encryption caused by maturing quantum computation. This work explores a range of existing and future quantum communication networks, specifically quantum key distribution network proposals, to model and demonstrate the evolution of quantum key distribution network architectures. Leveraging Orthogonal Variability Modelling and Systems Modelling Language as candidate modelling languages, the study creates traceable artefacts to promote modular architectures that are reusable for future studies. We propose a variability-driven framework for managing fast-evolving network architectures with respect to increasing stakeholder expectations. The result contributes to the systematic development of viable quantum key distribution networks and supports the investigation of similar integration challenges relevant to the broader context of quantum systems engineering.

Tomi Suomi, Petri Ihantola, Tommi Mikkonen et al.

Agile software development relies on self-organized teams, underlining the importance of individual responsibility. How developers take responsibility and build ownership are influenced by external factors such as architecture and development methods. This paper examines the existing literature on ownership in software engineering and in psychology, and argues that a more comprehensive view of ownership in software engineering has a great potential in improving software team's work. Initial positions on the issue are offered for discussion and to lay foundations for further research.

Zhenpeng Chen, Chong Wang, Weisong Sun et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software applications, giving rise to a broad class of prompt-enabled systems, in which prompts serve as the primary 'programming' interface for guiding system behavior. Building on this trend, a new software paradigm, promptware, has emerged, which treats natural language prompts as first-class software artifacts for interacting with LLMs. Unlike traditional software, which relies on formal programming languages and deterministic runtime environments, promptware is based on ambiguous, unstructured, and context-dependent natural language and operates on LLMs as runtime environments, which are probabilistic and non-deterministic. These fundamental differences introduce unique challenges in prompt development. In practice, prompt development remains largely ad hoc and relies heavily on time-consuming trial-and-error, a challenge we term the promptware crisis. To address this, we propose promptware engineering, a new methodology that adapts established Software Engineering (SE) principles to prompt development. Drawing on decades of success in traditional SE, we envision a systematic framework encompassing prompt requirements engineering, design, implementation, testing, debugging, evolution, deployment, and monitoring. Our framework re-contextualizes emerging prompt-related challenges within the SE lifecycle, providing principled guidance beyond ad-hoc practices. Without the SE discipline, prompt development is likely to remain mired in trial-and-error. This paper outlines a comprehensive roadmap for promptware engineering, identifying key research directions and offering actionable insights to advance the development of prompt-enabled systems.

Krishna Ronanki, Simon Arvidsson, Johan Axell

The rapid emergence of generative AI models like Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated its utility across various activities, including within Requirements Engineering (RE). Ensuring the quality and accuracy of LLM-generated output is critical, with prompt engineering serving as a key technique to guide model responses. However, existing literature provides limited guidance on how prompt engineering can be leveraged, specifically for RE activities. The objective of this study is to explore the applicability of existing prompt engineering guidelines for the effective usage of LLMs within RE. To achieve this goal, we began by conducting a systematic review of primary literature to compile a non-exhaustive list of prompt engineering guidelines. Then, we conducted interviews with RE experts to present the extracted guidelines and gain insights on the advantages and limitations of their application within RE. Our literature review indicates a shortage of prompt engineering guidelines for domain-specific activities, specifically for RE. Our proposed mapping contributes to addressing this shortage. We conclude our study by identifying an important future line of research within this field.

Artur Onyshchenko, Mykola Harkusha, Yevgen Plazii

Introduction. Excessive axle loads and environmental influences cause permanent deformation, cracking, residual deformations in the form of rutting, fatigue and shortening the service life of highways. The use of reinforcing microfibers (fibers) in the asphalt concrete mixture is gaining popularity, as it can improve the mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete layers of the road structure and increase its strength and durability. Problems. Based on the literature analysis, it was established that the use of fiber (fibers) can improve the properties of asphalt concrete. Goal. It consists in the analysis and generalization of the existing experience regarding the use and influence of fiber on the properties of asphalt concrete. Results. An analysis of the experience of using fiber and the influence of fiber on the properties of asphalt concrete, in particular natural fiber, synthetic fiber, glass fiber, metal fiber, and mineral fiber, was conducted.

Andrii Ivko

Introduction. The recovery of Ukraine from the consequences of the full-scale aggression of the russian federation requires the development of new scientific approaches to the implementation of restoration projects, programs and portfolios. Modern research on project and program management includes the direction of value-oriented management, the implementation of which increases the accuracy and flexibility of the management system, increases the probability of the project's success in achieving its goals and meeting the specified limitations. At the same time, the syncretic methodology that is being created to manage infrastructure restoration projects is not sufficiently developed in the direction of using value approaches. Therefore, scientific task of applying value-oriented management within the syncretic methodology of infrastructure restoration project management is relevant. Problem statement. The problem of implementation of self-managed restoration projects using the syncretic project management methodology is described. The need to develop a syncretic methodology for such projects is emphasized. The importance of applying value-oriented management within syncretic project management methodology is founded. The scientific task of developing value management models of the restoration project implemented by a self-managed organization using syncretic project management methodology has been formulated.

Łukasz Bednarek, Nadzeya Fialkouskaya

Due to climate change and the recent increase in the number of floods in urbanized areas, there is a growing need for the introduction of new technologies into the road material market. One such technology is water- permeable mineral-resin surfaces, which are becoming increasingly popular. However, due to a lack of clear requirements and solution approval procedures, they are not commonly used in public investments. This paper first describes the materials used for preparing surface samples, including bulk density and granulometric aggregate tests, consistency, colour, and density at 20 °C testing of the hardener and resin. It then outlines the process of sample preparation and provides a brief description of the materials used. The tests conducted on the prepared material samples included flexural and compressive strength tests, frost resistance tests under normal conditions and in the presence of salts, and skid resistance tests. Based on the results obtained, it can be generally concluded that, in the case of permeable surfaces, the type of aggregate is an important factor, as evidenced by the results of the strength tests. The same can be stated about the influence of atmospheric factors. Tests conducted with granite aggregate proved to be more resistant to cyclically changing temperatures, even in the presence of salt.

Sawaluddin Sawaluddin, Abdul Kadir, Romy Suryaningrat Edwin

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menemukan solusi konstruksi yang paling ekonomis untuk lantai jembatan cable stayed yang akan digunakan dalam pembangunan jembatan penghubung Pulau Muna dan Buton dengan penerapan rekayasa nilai atau value engineering (VE). Analisa kekuatan struktur jembatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software analisa struktur CSI Bridge v.24. Tahap informasi, tahap kreatif, tahap analisis, dan tahap rekomendasi merupakan 4 (empat) tahapan dalam langkah kerja metodologi penelitian rekayasa nilai. Untuk memilih jenis jembatan yang akan dirancang, informasi awal tentang lokasi jembatan diidentifikasi pada tahap informasi. Tahap kreatif dilakukan dengan menentukan jenis lantai jembatan yang akan dianalisis. Tahap analisis menentukan model lantai jembatan dengan cara analisis siklus hidup jembatan. Tahap rekomendasi dilakukan dengan merekomendasikan model lantai jembatan yang paling ekonomis untuk digunakan sebagai lantai jembatan kabel. Hasil analisis menggunakan rekayasa nilai dengan pendekatan analisis biaya siklus hidup (life cycle cost/LCC) menunjukkan bahwa dari beberapa model lantai jembatan yang dievaluasi, model 2 menunjukkan sebagai yang paling efisien dari segi biaya yakni sebesar Rp.648.346.291.191,68 dengan nilai pembangunan sebesar Rp.750.178.311.773,30 dan nilai penghematan sebesar 43,58% dan 14,42% terhadap lantai jembatan model 1 dengan nilai sisa Rp.866.921.706.028,59, nilai pembangunan Rp.1.100.038.825.447,22 dan nilai sisa model 3 sebesar Rp.1.649.977.529.597,29, nilai pembangunan Rp.1.751.809.550.178,90. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa lantai jembatan model 2 lebih menghemat penggunaan biaya dibanding lantai jembatan model 1 dan 3.

Artem Hlushchenko

ntroduction. The article examines the nutritional dynamics and peculiarities of the development of the environment in Ukraine, which requires an integrated approach to address the challenges and problems of this problem. The foldability and rich profile of this galus poses system requirements that require support and legislative security at the edge. Also, we are talking about developing a strategy for the development of local development, which is based on the idea of ensuring harmony between the economic, social and environmental development of the place. The main essence lies in the creation of such a local environment that would satisfy the needs of the current generation, without reducing the ability of future generations to take control of their lives. It is important that the main aspects of the development of strategies for the development of local development include, first of all, economic stability, so that they are aimed directly at creating minds for economic growth and development, ensuring the stability of financial, economic and investment processes in localities. Social inclusion plays an important role, and development strategies are aimed at ensuring accessibility and equal access to infrastructure, housing, lighting, health care and other social services for all levels of the population.

Martin Hendel

Cool pavements designate alternative pavements designed to reduce their contribution to urban heating. Urban heating generally refers to the sensible heat exchanged with the atmosphere by urban materials but can also include the radiative load they impose on pedestrians. In either case, pavement surface temperature is a very important parameter, which cool pavements seek to decrease compared with standard pavement designs. The energy balance of a pavement surface or very thin pavement slab helps identify the outbound flows which cool pavements attempt to promote and fundamental physical principles which govern them. On this basis, cool pavements can be classified as reflective pavements, green and evaporative pavements, high inertia or phase changing pavements as well as conductive or heatharvesting pavements. This chapter presents the urban heat island and the urban heating phenomena and provides an overview of cool pavement technologies, detailing areas which require further scientific investigation.

Arthur Pilone, Paulo Meirelles, Fabio Kon et al.

A central challenge for ensuring the success of software projects is to assure the convergence of developers' and users' views. While the availability of large amounts of user data from social media, app store reviews, and support channels bears many benefits, it still remains unclear how software development teams can effectively use this data. We present an LLM-powered approach called DeeperMatcher that helps agile teams use crowd-based requirements engineering (CrowdRE) in their issue and task management. We are currently implementing a command-line tool that enables developers to match issues with relevant user reviews. We validated our approach on an existing English dataset from a well-known open-source project. Additionally, to check how well DeeperMatcher works for other languages, we conducted a single-case mechanism experiment alongside developers of a local project that has issues and user feedback in Brazilian Portuguese. Our preliminary analysis indicates that the accuracy of our approach is highly dependent on the text embedding method used. We discuss further refinements needed for reliable crowd-based requirements engineering with multilingual support.

Dezhi Ran, Mengzhou Wu, Wei Yang et al.

By treating data and models as the source code, Foundation Models (FMs) become a new type of software. Mirroring the concept of software crisis, the increasing complexity of FMs making FM crisis a tangible concern in the coming decade, appealing for new theories and methodologies from the field of software engineering. In this paper, we outline our vision of introducing Foundation Model (FM) engineering, a strategic response to the anticipated FM crisis with principled engineering methodologies. FM engineering aims to mitigate potential issues in FM development and application through the introduction of declarative, automated, and unified programming interfaces for both data and model management, reducing the complexities involved in working with FMs by providing a more structured and intuitive process for developers. Through the establishment of FM engineering, we aim to provide a robust, automated, and extensible framework that addresses the imminent challenges, and discovering new research opportunities for the software engineering field.

Xiaoxue Xu, Maokai Lai, Haitao Zhang et al.

The merging area of highway ramps faces multiple challenges, including traffic congestion, collision risks, speed mismatches, driver behavior uncertainties, limited visibility, and bottleneck effects. However, autonomous vehicles engaging in depth coordination between vehicle and road in merging zones, by pre-planning and uploading travel trajectories, can significantly enhance the safety and efficiency of merging zones.In this paper,we mainly introduce mainline priority cooperation method to achieve the time and space cooperative control of highway merge.Vehicle-mounted intelligent units share real-time vehicle status and driving intentions with Road Section Management Units, which pre-plan the spatiotemporal trajectories of vehicle travel. After receiving these trajectories, Vehicle Intelligent Units strictly adhere to them. Through this deep collaboration between vehicles and roads, conflicts in time and space during vehicle travel are eliminated in advance.

Md Mostaqur Rahman, Majbah Uddin, Sarah L Gassman

This paper develops pavement performance evaluation models using data from primary and interstate highway systems in the state of South Carolina, USA. Twenty pavement sections are selected from across the state, and historical pavement performance data of those sections are collected. A total of 8 models were developed based on regression techniques, which include 4 for Asphalt Concrete (AC) pavements and 4 for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCP). Four different performance indicators are considered as response variables in the statistical analysis: Present Serviceability Index (PSI), Pavement Distress Index (PDI), Pavement Quality Index (PQI), and International Roughness Index (IRI). Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), Free Flow Speed (FFS), precipitation, temperature, and soil type (soil Type A from Blue Ridge and Piedmont Region, and soil Type B from Coastal Plain and Sediment Region) are considered as predictor variables. Results showed that AADT, FFS, and precipitation have statistically significant effects on PSI and IRI for both JPCP and AC pavements. Temperature showed significant effect only on PDI and PQI (p < 0.01) for AC pavements. Considering soil type, Type B soil produced statistically higher PDI and PQI (p < 0.01) compared to Type A soil on AC pavements; whereas, Type B soil produced statistically higher IRI and PSI (p < 0.001) compared to Type A soil on JPCP pavements. Using the developed models, local transportation agencies could estimate future corrective actions, such as maintenance and rehabilitation, as well as future pavement performances.

Rudrajit Choudhuri, Ambareesh Ramakrishnan, Amreeta Chatterjee et al.

Generative AI (genAI) tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Copilot) have become ubiquitous in software engineering (SE). As SE educators, it behooves us to understand the consequences of genAI usage among SE students and to create a holistic view of where these tools can be successfully used. Through 16 reflective interviews with SE students, we explored their academic experiences of using genAI tools to complement SE learning and implementations. We uncover the contexts where these tools are helpful and where they pose challenges, along with examining why these challenges arise and how they impact students. We validated our findings through member checking and triangulation with instructors. Our findings provide practical considerations of where and why genAI should (not) be used in the context of supporting SE students.

Katarzyna Michałowska, Helga Margrete Bodahl Holmestad, Signe Riemer-Sørensen

We propose a new method for inferring roads from GPS trajectories to map construction sites. This task presents a unique challenge due to the erratic and non-standard movement patterns of construction machinery, which significantly diverge from typical vehicular traffic on established roads. Our proposed method first identifies intersections in the road network that serve as critical decision points, and then connects them with edges to produce a graph, which can subsequently be used for planning and task-allocation. We demonstrate the approach by mapping roads at a real-life construction site in Norway. The method is validated on four increasingly complex segments of the map. In our tests, the method achieved perfect accuracy in detecting intersections and inferring roads in data with no or low noise, while its performance was reduced in areas with significant noise and consistently missing GPS updates.

Karli Kontson, Kristjan Lill, Andrus Aavik

This paper introduces the maximum and minimum pavement temperatures of Estonian asphalt pavements in accordance with calculation models developed for North America and Norway. Historical meteorological data from 1992 to 2021 obtained from 25 different weather stations in Estonia were used as an input for the respective models. Comparison between the calculation models demonstrated high variability of the pavement design temperatures, thus significantly impacting the bitumen grade selection. Based on the road weather stations data, the Norwegian and Canadian models provide the most accurate pavement temperature estimations for Estonian conditions. Calculated upper and lower-bound pavement design temperatures varied between +52 °C to +58 °C and −22 °C to −34 °C, respectively. All models showed milder pavement temperatures and lower seasonal temperature amplitudes for coastal and offshore areas. The results also indicated the importance of validating model suitability as well as correlation with actual pavement temperatures in the Baltic region.