Hasil untuk "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation"

T. Sugiura

Lisa Dellmuth, Maria-Therese Gustafsson, Suanne Mistel Segovia-Tzompa

Abstract There is a lively debate about the legitimacy of the international climate regime, as represented by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the quality of non-state actor participation in the regime. This commentary examines perceptions of involved non-state actors from 2021–2022 regarding their participation and regime legitimacy. The findings reveal no legitimacy crisis for the adaptation and mitigation regimes, but the surveyed NSAs are divided in their legitimacy beliefs. NSAs also express significant disappointment about their opportunities for participation.

Paulo Roger Lopes Alves, German Andres Estrada-Bonilla, Antonio Marcos Miranda Silva et al.

This study explored how different sugarcane vinasses influence the structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in two tropical Oxisols with contrasting textures. In a controlled microcosm experiment with sugarcane seedlings, two concentrations of three vinasse types were applied, and bacterial communities were monitored over 10, 30, and 60 days using T-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Across all treatments, vinasse application led to clear changes in bacterial community structure in both soils, regardless of the time point. Certain bacterial groups, such as <i>Sphingobacteriia</i>, <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>, and <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, became more abundant—likely responding to increased carbon availability, higher pH, and greater soil moisture. At the same time, other groups declined, possibly due to excess nutrients like potassium and sulfur. Notably, these shifts occurred even when standard biochemical indicators suggested no major impact, highlighting the sensitivity of microbial community-level responses. These findings point to the importance of looking beyond traditional soil quality metrics when assessing the environmental effects of organic residue applications. Incorporating microbial indicators can offer a more nuanced understanding of how practices like vinasse reuse affect soil functioning in tropical agroecosystems.

Tharit Sereekiatdilok, Panupong Vichitkunakorn

The undirected edge geography is a two-player combinatorial game on an undirected rooted graph. The players alternatively perform a move consisting of choosing an edge incident to the root vertex, removing the chosen edge, and marking the other endpoint as a new root vertex. The first player who cannot perform a move is the loser. In this paper, we are interested in the undirected edge geography game on the grid graph $P_m\square P_n$. We completely determine whether the root vertex is a winning position (N-position) or a losing position (P-position). Moreover, we give a winning strategy for the winner.

Jessica Leahy, Kathleen P. Bell, Vanessa R. Levesque et al.

Rural communities face significant challenges in accessing outdoor recreation grants. This funding, often used for infrastructure and maintenance of community assets like trails, plays a crucial role in enhancing economic development, promoting tourism, and fostering community well-being. This study investigated the relationship between geography, community characteristics, and municipal capacities and outdoor recreation grants in Maine from 2020-2024. Using a mixed-methods approach, grant data as well as interviews with municipal leaders were analyzed. We found that ATV grants were distinct, favoring inland communities with lower median incomes, while professional parks and recreation staff capacity influenced other outdoor recreation grants. Municipal capacity was also related to grant success. The findings identified differences in grant funding distribution, as well as barriers and opportunities to increase community access to outdoor recreation grants. These results offer strategies for targeted capacity building and equitable funding distribution.

S. Tyshchenko, Serhii Zapototskyi

Background. Territorial recreational systems (TRS) are a significant area of study in recreational geography, integrating natural, social, and economic components to meet human needs for leisure, recreation, and tourism. The concept of TRS, introduced by V. S. Preobrazhensky in the 1960s, has undergone significant evolution, reflecting the transition from a planned to a market economy, where tourism has become a key sector. Contemporary challenges such as globalization, urbanization, the growth of tourist flows, ecological constraints, and informatization necessitate a rethinking of TRS as a tool for sustainable development and economic growth. Methods. The research is based on the application of systemic and system-structural approaches, which allow TRS to be viewed as integral geographical entities. Classification methods were used to distinguish types of TRS and their components, while synthesis methods helped generalize the evolutionary stages in the development of TRS theory. The analysis considered current trends such as sustainability, informatization, and commercialization of tourism, emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach that combines geography, economics, and ecology. Results. The article systematizes the stages in the evolution of the TRS concept: from the early studies of the 1960s focused on the social organization of recreation to modern integrated models that account for economic efficiency, ecological stability, and global challenges. The key elements of TRS (recreationists, natural resources, infrastructure, management) and their interrelations forming the spatial organization of the system are identified. A comparative analysis of models (by V. S. Preobrazhensky, V. I. Pavlov, L. M. Cherchyk, and I. V. Smal) revealed a shift from static structural approaches to dynamic functional-component models emphasizing system–environment interaction. The main stages of TRS conceptual development were distinguished, ranging from local planning models to the recognition of TRS as dynamic, open systems that form the basis for regional tourism clusters. Modern trends such as the integration of sustainability, management, and marketing principles, as well as the necessity of considering the regional specificities of Ukraine, are highlighted. Conclusions. The concept of a territorial recreational system has evolved from a narrowly specialized geographical notion into an interdisciplinary tool for regional management. Further development of TRS theory requires improving management methodologies, integrating geoinformation technologies, and developing strategies to balance tourist flows and resource preservation — especially in the context of global challenges such as climate change and urbanization. The study results can inform the design of regional tourism development strategies.

O. Kolotukha, A. Shevchenko

Purpose. The article aims to substantiate the importance of the cartographic method in tourism and recreation research, reveal its role in shaping modern tourist cartography, and demonstrate its practical application through the development of the Ukrainian section of the European long-distance trail E8. Methods. The study applies the methodological foundations of the cartographic research method, which is based on the creation of spatial models of tourism phenomena and processes. The research combines the analysis of classical cartographic materials, the historical-geographical approach, geographic information systems, as well as modern digital tools – OpenStreetMap, GraphHopper Route Planner, Google Earth, and mobile GPS applications (OSMAnd, Maps.me). The interdisciplinary approach made it possible to integrate data from various sources, including open geospatial platforms and field observations. Results. The functions of the cartographic method were identified, ranging from data collection to visualization and forecasting of tourism processes. The main types of tourist maps were systematized: general, scientific-reference, specialized, and interactive. The evolution of tourist cartography was demonstrated, from paper-based city plans to interactive digital services. The study analyzed the role of mobile applications such as Google Maps, Maps.me, and OSMAnd as essential tools of modern tourism practice. The practical testing of the method was carried out using the Ukrainian section of the E8 trail project, for which a digital route, GPS track, interactive map, and a system of control points were developed. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian tourism studies, a comprehensive analysis of the cartographic method was conducted, integrating traditional, digital, and GIS approaches, which enables the modeling of tourism trends and development scenarios. Practical significance. The findings can be applied to the development of interactive maps and the management of recreational load on territories, as well as the planning and promotion of cross-border trails. The proposed approach contributes to the development of sustainable tourism, the integration of Ukraine into the European tourism space, and the creation of "smart destinations."

Emily Hayes

Nicolas Donner

This paper considers the ways of establishing oil enclaves in difficult environments and it focuses on procedures that aim to safeguard the extractive activity from external disturbance and/or hostility. First, in addressing the case of enclaves located in extreme environments (hostile to life), we show that the organization of enclaves is an important tool of their immunization: by producing an inclusive and autonomous space, an "architecture of vacuum "(Sloterdijk) allows to free the activity from the conditions and contingencies of the external environment. Secondly, we move to the case of enclaves established in environments that are inhabited and territorialized, where immunization procedures are enriched by defensive (fencing) and intrusive mechanisms (sustainable practices). Finally we discuss the emergence of an ethical paradigm that tangled in strategies that aim to ensure the continuity of extractive activities.

Lu Zhou, Qingli Zhang, Huihuan Luo et al.

To investigate the association of long-term exposure to air pollution with incident arrhythmia from various causes, this prospective cohort study included 442,386 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Residential annual average exposures at baseline were evaluated, including fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM2.5–10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). We further constructed a composite air pollution score (APS) to evaluate the concomitant exposure to these four pollutants. The associations of air pollutants with various arrhythmia subtypes were assessed utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, and the hazard ratios (HRs) for incident arrhythmias were estimated. A total of 41,021 patients with incident arrhythmia were recorded. The HRs of overall arrhythmia associated with a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, PM2.5–10, NO2, and NOx were 1.26, 0.95, 1.03, and 1.02, respectively. The HR was 1.08 in the highest quintile of the APS compared to the lowest one. For cause-specific arrhythmias, the HRs per unit increment in APS were 1.45, 1.67, 1.51, 1.80, 2.63, and 4.66 for atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia, intraventricular block, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature beats, respectively. Females, older individuals, overweight or obese individuals, and those with low education attainment, low income, or cardiometabolic morbidities had higher HRs associated with pollutants. Long-term exposure to air pollution is linked to increased incidence risks of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. More focus should be shifted to the impact of air pollution on other arrhythmias besides atrial fibrillation.

Michel Waly DIOUF

Cet article examine la réutilisation des coquillages fossiles et décrit en même temps les anomalies ou les déformations observées sur les individus. La démarche adoptée repose en effet sur une combinaison de plusieurs activités allant de la recherche documentaire à l’examen du mobilier coquillier, en passant par les enquêtes ethnographiques, la prospection et les fouilles archéologiques. Nos fouilles effectuées sur le site de Balloum, près du village de Moundé (basSaloum) ont mis au jour des spécimens coquilliers déformés ou réutilisés le plus souvent en des objets de parures ou d’ustensiles. Mots-clés : ,

Antonio Alfieri, Fraser Binns

In a recent note F. Lin showed that if a rational homology sphere $Y$ admits a taut foliation then the Heegaard Floer module $HF^-(Y)$ contains a copy of $\mathbf{F}[U]/U$ as a summand (arXiv:2309.01222). This implies that either the $L$-space conjecture is false or that Heegaard Floer homology satisfies a geography restriction. We verify that Lin's geography restriction holds for a wide class of rational homology spheres. Indeed, we show that the Heegaard Floer module $HF^-(Y)$ may satisfy a stronger geography restriction.

Graham M. Jones, Shai Satran, Arvind Satyanarayan

This article proposes a new integration of linguistic anthropology and machine learning (ML) around convergent interests in both the underpinnings of language and making language technologies more socially responsible. While linguistic anthropology focuses on interpreting the cultural basis for human language use, the ML field of interpretability is concerned with uncovering the patterns that Large Language Models (LLMs) learn from human verbal behavior. Through the analysis of a conversation between a human user and an LLM-powered chatbot, we demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of a new, conjoint field of inquiry, cultural interpretability (CI). By focusing attention on the communicative competence involved in the way human users and AI chatbots co-produce meaning in the articulatory interface of human-computer interaction, CI emphasizes how the dynamic relationship between language and culture makes contextually sensitive, open-ended conversation possible. We suggest that, by examining how LLMs internally "represent" relationships between language and culture, CI can: (1) provide insight into long-standing linguistic anthropological questions about the patterning of those relationships; and (2) aid model developers and interface designers in improving value alignment between language models and stylistically diverse speakers and culturally diverse speech communities. Our discussion proposes three critical research axes: relativity, variation, and indexicality.

Laurent Meersseman

In this article, we describe the geography of the Teichmüller stack of \cite{LMStacks} and of one of its variants we introduce here, giving some answers to questions as: which points are orbifold points? What are the different local models of special points?... We give a rough description in the general case, and we use the compacity of the cycle spaces to get a much more detailed picture in the Kähler setting.

Michael Peter Hoffmann, Jan Fillies, Adrian Paschke

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and GPT-4 have shown remarkable abilities in a wide range of tasks such as summarizing texts and assisting in coding. Scientific research has demonstrated that these models can also play text-adventure games. This study aims to explore whether LLMs can autonomously create text-based games based on anthropological classics, evaluating also their effectiveness in communicating knowledge. To achieve this, the study engaged anthropologists in discussions to gather their expectations and design inputs for an anthropologically themed game. Through iterative processes following the established HCI principle of 'design thinking', the prompts and the conceptual framework for crafting these games were refined. Leveraging GPT3.5, the study created three prototypes of games centered around the seminal anthropological work of the social anthropologist's Bronislaw Malinowski's "Argonauts of the Western Pacific" (1922). Subsequently, evaluations were conducted by inviting senior anthropologists to playtest these games, and based on their inputs, the game designs were refined. The tests revealed promising outcomes but also highlighted key challenges: the models encountered difficulties in providing in-depth thematic understandings, showed suspectibility to misinformation, tended towards monotonic responses after an extended period of play, and struggled to offer detailed biographical information. Despite these limitations, the study's findings open up new research avenues at the crossroads of artificial intelligence, machine learning, LLMs, ethnography, anthropology and human-computer interaction.

Oksana Braslavska, Liudmyla Ozerova

The importance of the research problem lies in the attempt to solve an important task of modern recreational geography, which involves a clear formulation of its functions and the disclosure of possible ways to form and meet the recreational needs of the individual. New in the work is the idea of expanding the structural units of recreational geography, which will make it possible to improve recreational activities in terms of their relation to certain territories. The practicality of the article as a factual material will allow the use of various views of scientists on the problem in the study of recreational geography by higher education students and the promotion of their views on the need for recreational activities of the individual as an important element in the restoration of personal strength. The study used generally accepted methods: analysis of literary sources on the outlined topic, their processing, description and generalization. The main result of the work was the confirmation of the idea of recreational needs as the basis for the functioning of recreational geography (medical and biological, socio-cultural, economic, and political functions of recreational geography). Keywords: recreational geography, recreational needs, physical strength, spiritual health, functionality of recreational geography, recreational activities, territorial organization of recreation, recreational resource potential, recreational and tourist infrastructure.

R. I. Logan, José Díaz-Garayúa

Matteo Straccamore, Vittorio Loreto, Pietro Gravino

Cities and metropolitan areas are major drivers of creativity and innovation in all possible sectors: scientific, technological, social, artistic, etc. The critical concentration and proximity of diverse mindsets and opportunities, supported by efficient infrastructures, enable new technologies and ideas to emerge, thrive, and trigger further innovation. Though this pattern seems well established, geography's role in the emergence and diffusion of new technologies still needs to be clarified. An additional important question concerns the identification of the innovation pathways of metropolitan areas. Here, we explore the factors that influence the spread of technology among metropolitan areas worldwide and how geography and political borders impact this process. Our evidence suggests that political geography has been highly important for the diffusion of innovation till around two decades ago, slowly declining afterwards in favour of a more global innovation ecosystem. Further, the visualisation of the evolution of countries and metropolitan areas in a 2d space of competitiveness and diversification reveals the existence of two main innovation pathways, discriminating between different strategies towards progress. Our work provides insights for policymakers seeking to promote economic growth and technological advancement through tailored investments in prioritarian innovation areas.

Indrajeet MALLICK, Daniel MIRAVET, Aaron GUTIÉRREZ

The impact of the COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction is a particular relevant issue, due to the role that elements such as the prevention measures implemented at the destination might play. For this reason, this article examines tourist satisfaction during the peak tourist season of 2020 in a mature coastal destination in Catalonia in relation to safety and prevention measures imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We use explanatory factor analysis and partial least squares path modelling for comparing the determinants of tourist satisfaction prior and during the pandemic based on surveys conducted in 2019 (N = 1556) and 2020 (N = 2220). The results suggest that the determinants of overall tourist satisfaction in 2019 remained significant in 2020. Moreover, although tourists especially appreciated feeling safe in 2020, our results suggest that such a perception was unrelated to measures to prevent COVID-19. The paper raises concerns towards the management of situations such as the pandemic in tourist destinations, as a proper balance must be found between the need of making visitors feel safe, and avoiding measures that can be felt as invasive or annoying, hampering the tourist experience.

Mina Rezaei, Patsy Eubanks Owens, Darnel Degand

Geography scholarship currently includes interdisciplinary approaches and theories and reflects shifts in research methodologies. Since the spatial turn in geographical thought and the emergence of geo-web technologies, geography scholarship has leaned more toward interdisciplinarity. In recent years geographical research methods have relied on various disciplines ranging from data science to arts and design. Literary geography and film geography are two subfields of geography that employ novels and films in exploring spatiality, respectively. In addition to geographical concepts, these courses include many aspects of relations in space, including human-human relations, human-environment relations, et cetera, which were barely addressed in traditional geography courses. However, a review of the employment of geoweb technologies in literary and film geography practices reveals that these practices have mostly remained limited to isolating geographical passages from novels or movies. This paper explores new opportunities for designing film and literary geography-based apps using a cartographical user-centered design framework.