Hasil untuk "Folklore"

M. Fridlender, Y. Kapulnik, H. Koltai

Plants have had an essential role in the folklore of ancient cultures. In addition to the use as food and spices, plants have also been utilized as medicines for over 5000 years. It is estimated that 70–95% of the population in developing countries continues to use traditional medicines even today. A new trend, that involved the isolation of plant active compounds begun during the early nineteenth century. This trend led to the discovery of different active compounds that are derived from plants. In the last decades, more and more new materials derived from plants have been authorized and subscribed as medicines, including those with anti-cancer activity. Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The number of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next two decades. Thus, there is a real need for new efficient anti-cancer drugs with reduced side effects, and plants are a promising source for such entities. Here we focus on some plant-derived substances exhibiting anti-cancer and chemoprevention activity, their mode of action and bioavailability. These include paclitaxel, curcumin, and cannabinoids. In addition, development and use of their synthetic analogs, and those of strigolactones, are discussed. Also discussed are commercial considerations and future prospects for development of plant derived substances with anti-cancer activity.

Irina F. Lobasheva, Ekaterina A. Fakhrazieva

The article analyzes the art space of Kazan as one of Russia’s cultural centers through the lens of contemporary exhibition art projects initiated by museums, exhibition halls, and galleries. It addresses both the organization of significant large-scale exhibitions in the 2020s and their scientific and creative aspects, as well as their profound semantic resonance and broad social impact. The publication is accompanied by a historiographical review that focuses on key monographs, scientific articles, online reviews, and interviews related to the historical study of the city’s cultural landmarks and their role in shaping the artistic environment of Kazan. Through selected exhibition projects, the publication reveals a palette of some current collective exhibition projects, as well as exhibitions of individual artists whose art is of particular interest. As a result, these exhibitions identify the priority contemporary themes, the moods of the artists and the audience, the latest approaches to exhibition design, and the main trends and directions in the city’s art scene. It is noted that along with the permanent museum exhibitions of classical examples of visual art, the city successfully creates and develops projects by contemporary artists in various fields. It is this area, its changes and progress, that has particularly interested and attracted the attention of the authors, and as a result of the mutual collaboration between a teacher and a student, this publication has been created. A more detailed and in-depth analysis has been conducted on the following exhibitions: “Noah’s Ark” (2023), which provides a comprehensive analysis of individual works by various artists, and two exhibitions of the “Kazan Time” project. Artists of the 1990s at the Contemporary Art Gallery of the Republic of Tatarstan (2025), featuring the creative individuality of such masters as Evgeny Golubtsov and Oleg Ivanov, and “Our Avant-Garde” at the Benois Wing of the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg (2025), focusing on the phenomenon of the popularity of the ‘fathers’ of Russian avant-garde. The article raises questions about the future development of visual arts and the role of young artists in the 21st century. The modern development of the Kazan Art School and its role in the formation of Tatarstan’s visual arts are also discussed.

Saida Yelemanova , Lazat Akikhat

The proposed article is dedicated to the creative path of the kuyshi from the Tarbagatai region (PRC) — Uran Akatayuly. It is well known that Kazakh kuy art, depending on its geographical and regional characteristics as well as performance features, is divided into various regional kuy traditions. Among them, the kuy tradition of Eastern Kazakhstan has deep historical roots and covers a vast territory. One of its branches is the kuy school (күй мектебі) of the Kazakhs of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. In this region — in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, as well as in Altay, Tarbagatai, Ili, and the prefectures of Sanji, Boro-Tala, the Kumul region, Gansu province, and the cities of Kuytun, Shihezi, and Urumqi — about two million of our compatriots reside. The study of kuy art in these regions can be said to be at an early stage in domestic scholarship. The article addresses the following issues: 1) a description of the kuyshi’s creative work, and 2) a musical analysis of the most notable compositions by the above-mentioned performer. The article is based on materials collected during the author’s ethnographic and folklore expedition conducted in January 2024 in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (city of Kuldzha). The applied methods include the comparative-typological and system-ethnophonic approach (I. Matsiyevsky). The methodology for analyzing dombra kuys developed by Professor S. Öteğalieva is also used. For certain compositions, their origin stories and content are presented, along with a detailed musical analysis.

Fatma Ganiyeva

The origins of hospitality are as ancient as human history. Hospitality, which has different meanings in the language of different peoples, means “home for travelers” in almost all languages. Hospitality is the cultural activity of the people, as well as a spiritual treasure that preserves traditions from different eras. The introduction of the custom of hospitality in each country, which has its own peculiarities, is an important indicator of attention to people. Hospitality, directly reflecting both the way of life of the people and their material and spiritual culture, has become an important factor accelerating the development of tourism in the modern world. This tradition serves not only the friendship of individuals, but also the friendly and coexistence of nations and peoples within the framework of this tradition. The conceptual basis of humanistic values is a reflection of these qualities in the execution of different traditions. The study of the norms and rules regarding food in the practice of traditional hospitality of the peoples of the world can be noted as a necessary factor for researchers working in both ethnology and ethnography. Although the tradition of hospitality in Azerbaijan is universal, it varies from region to region. This is due to the historical development of the nation, ethnic diversity and coexistence of different peoples in the country. The emergence of diversity in traditions has ensured the innovative development of the most productive custom of hospitality in society.

Christoph Aistleitner, Manuel Hauke, Agamemnon Zafeiropoulos

We disprove a folklore conjecture stating that a sequence in $[0,1]$ with exponential gap distribution must necessarily be uniformly distributed.

Sarbeswar Pal

Let $X$ be a projective Fano manifold of Picard number one, different from the projective space. There is a folklore conjecture that any non-constant endomorphism of $X$ is an isomorphism. In the first half of this article, we will prove the folklore conjecture when the co-tangent bundle of $X$ is algebraically completely integrable system and the tangent bundle of $X$ is not nef. In the second half of the article, we will give examples of a collection of projective Fano manifolds of Picard rank one (different from the moduli space of vector bundles on algebraic curves) whose co-tangent bundles are algebraically completely integrable system. As applications of our main theorem and examples, in fact give alternative proofs of three major results appeared in three different articles.

Stephen Doty, Anthony Giaquinto

We give an historical survey of some of the original basic algebraic and combinatorial results on Temperley-Lieb algebras, with a focus on certain results that have become folklore.

Khabutdinova M.M.

Research objectives: To systematize information about the contribution of the Tatar scholar and encyclopedist Naki Isanbet (1899–1992) to the study of the history and culture of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this knowledge among the Tatars.. Research materials: Folklore materials, scientific works, and literary works of Naki Isanbet served as the basis of the study. Cultural-historical, semiotic-culturological, comparative, and other research methods, chosen based on the nature of the analyzed text, were used. Novelty of the research: a comprehensive analysis of Naki Isanbet’s contribution to the study of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this information among the Tatars. Results of the research: The work proves that this scholar and encyclopedist began to seriously develop the theme of the Golden Horde in the late 1920s. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the chronicle of the work of Naki Isanbet on the creation of consolidated texts of the dastans “Idukai and Muradym” and “Idegey” is reconstructed. The scientific value of introductory scientific articles to these textual works and his comments is revealed. Information on the history of the creation of the tragedy “Idegey” by N. Isanbet and the history of its existence on the Tatar stage is systematized. The contribution of the folklorist to the study of the work of the Chichyans of the Golden Horde and the popularization of information about their activities in the comedy “Cirän çiçän belän Qaraçäç sılu” (“Red-haired mocker and his black-haired beauty”) is determined. The proportion of folk proverbs, riddles, phraseological units in the folklore collections of N. Isanbet aimed at popularizing information about the Golden Horde among a wide readership has been revealed.

Perini, Gaia

The present article focuses on a short story written by Lu Xun in 1935, «Gathering Vetch», later included in Gushi Xinbian (Old Tales Retold). In this text the author has been faithful to the official biography of the two legendary hermits Boyi and Shuqi, as it was recorded by Sima Qian and commented by Confucius, while on the other hand he could not fail to contaminate it with his irreverent wit, as well as with a variety of unmistakably modern narrative devices. Through a close reading of this single work, the article aims at analyzing Lu Xun’s ambivalent yet vital relationship with the Chinese tradition and folklore; it shows how the writer mingled the most authoritative historical texts (zhengshi) with the unofficial history (yeshi) and oral culture. This mixture between orality and the sacred written word of the Classics was not intended to demystify the canon for the sheer pleasure of it; rather, as this article tries to prove, Lu Xun engaged in a profound and radical rethinking of the Chinese past by retelling it in a new way.

Ilnara I. Khanipova

During the Great Patriotic War, figures from various areas of arts, employees of entertainment institutions took part in the creation of works aimed at uniting the people, maintaining and developing patriotic feelings, and performed in front of the soldiers of the Red Army as part of front-line concert brigades. The dastan “The true story about political instructor Kemal Kasumov,” discovered in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, is being introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Written by a famous ashug – poet and performer of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialistic Republic, member of one of the front-line concert brigades, M. Bayramov. It was during the war years when the dastan about K. Kasumov became widely known both among the front-line soldiers and among the civilian population. At present, the study and publication of the dastan “The true story about political instructor Kemal Kasumov” serves to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War and reveals the forgotten feats of an ordinary Soviet soldier.

Johannes Schleischitz

For $m\ge 2$, consider $K$ the $m$-fold Cartesian product of the limit set of an IFS of two affine maps with rational coefficients. If the contraction rates of the IFS are reciprocals of integers, and $K$ does not degenerate to singleton, we construct vectors in $K$ that lie within the ``folklore set'' as defined by Beresnevich et al., meaning they are Dirichlet improvable but not singular or badly approximable (in fact our examples are Liouville vectors). We further address the topic of lower bounds for the Hausdorff and packing dimension of these folklore sets within $K$, however we do not compute bounds explicitly. Our class of fractals extends (Cartesian products of) classical missing digit fractals, for which analogous results had recently been obtained.

Yong-Geun Oh, Yat-Hin Suen

The SYZ conjecture suggests a folklore that "Lagrangian multi-sections are mirror to holomorphic vector bundles". In this paper, we prove this folklore for Lagrangian multi-sections inside the cotangent bundle of a vector space, which are equivariantly mirror to complete toric varieties by the work of Fang-Liu-Treumann-Zaslow. We also introduce the Lagrangian realization problem, which asks whether one can construct an unobstructed Lagrangian multi-section with asymptotic conditions prescribed by a tropical Lagrangian multi-section. We solve the realization problem for tropical Lagrangian multi-sections over a complete 2-dimensional fan that satisfy the so-called $N$-generic condition with $N\geq 3$. As an application, we show that every rank 2 toric vector bundle on the projective plane is mirror to a Lagrangian multi-section.

N. N. Trubnikova, M. V. Babkova

“Konjaku monogatari-shu”, a collection of Japanese Buddhist setsuwa tales composed in XII c., has been studied by Japanese scholars using Western methodology from the end of XIX and the beginning of XX cc. That is also the time when Western scholars start mentioning it in their works. From the very beginning untill recent times publications dealing with “Konjaku” gave special attention to the appraising of the text: the authors speculated if we could put this record amidst other chefs d’oeuvres of Japanese literature, its main outcomes? Review of those speculations shows us some particularities of the history of XX c. Japanese studies. Depending on the period when this of those study was made we can find there problems of the origins of “Konjaku”, should they be found in folklore or in the literature, of the religious and artistic tasks of “Konjaku”. The answers to all these questions are determinative to a large extent for the suggestions made by scholars about the circumstances of creation of “Konjaku”, its author(s), its composition in the whole and the meaning of its particular tales.

Hanna M. Łopatyńska

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie żywotności piosenki Siekiera, motyka i roli, jaką odgrywa ona w polskiej kulturze w sytuacjach traumatycznych. W czasie II wojny światowej liczne warianty tego utworu, które powstawały na bazie żołnierskiej piosenki z 1917 r., śpiewali uliczni wykonawcy. Po wojnie stał się on popularny dzięki filmowi Zakazane piosenki z 1946 r., a jego wojenne wersje były później wykorzystywane przez wielu artystów. Kolejne kontrafaktury Siekiery pojawiły się w czasach PRL-u, a zwłaszcza podczas stanu wojennego, jako przejaw walki z komunistyczną władzą, co świadczy o silnych skojarzeniach piosenki z ruchem oporu. Obecnie incipit „Siekiera, motyka…” jest nadal wykorzystywany do tworzenia rymowanek komentujących współczesne wydarzenia. Nowe wersje Siekiery powstały również w związku z pandemią koronawirusa. W tym przypadku wrogiem, zamiast niemieckiego okupanta i komunistycznego reżimu, był wirus. Wersje z różnych czasów mają wiele cech wspólnych, np. silne osadzenie we współczesnych realiach, przywoływanie nazwisk znanych postaci, żartobliwe sformułowania. Pojawiają się w sytuacjach napięć społecznych, dezorganizacji, służą do oswajania nowej rzeczywistości i traumatycznych przeżyć.

Vitali Kapovitch, Alexander Lytchak

We discuss folklore statements about distance functions in manifolds with two sided bounded curvature. The topics include regularity, subsets of positive reach and the cut locus.

Caion Meneguello Natal

Cet article analyse un événement spécifique : le premier Congrès international des arts populaires, qui s’est tenu à Prague en 1928. Lors de cette réunion, les savoir-faire artisanaux ont été considérés comme des outils diplomatiques efficaces : des éléments d’un réseau d’échanges culturels dont le but était de maintenir la paix. Nous mettons en évidence les principaux travaux qui y ont été discutés, en tenant compte du contexte géopolitique des années 1920 en Europe. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment les débats du dit congrès ont cherché à surmonter les rivalités nationalistes et à établir la concorde entre les nations européennes par un discours esthétique ancré sur le concept d’art populaire.

Yang Dong, Lin Hao, Kun Fang et al.

Abstract Background Solanum nigrum L. decoction has been used as a folklore medicine in China to prevent the postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer (BC). However, there are no previous pharmacological studies on the protective mechanisms of this activity of the plant. Thus, this study aimed to perform a systematic analysis and to predict the potential action mechanisms underlying S. nigrum activity in BC based on network pharmacology. Methods Based on network pharmacology, the active ingredients of S. nigrum and the corresponding targets were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicines for Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and BC-related genes were screened using GeneCards and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. In addition, ingredient-target (I–T) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, and then the pathways directly related to BC were integrated manually to reveal the pharmacological mechanism underlying S. nigrum-medicated therapeutic effects in BC. Results Seven active herbal ingredients from 39 components of S. nigrum were identified, which shared 77 common target genes related to BC. I-T network analysis revealed that quercetin was associated with all targets and that NCOA2 was targeted by four ingredients. Besides, interleukin 6 had the highest degree value in the PPI network, indicating a hub role. A subsequent gene enrichment analysis yielded 86 significant GO terms and 89 significant pathways, implying that S. nigrum had therapeutic benefits in BC through multi-pathway effects, including the HIF-1, TNF, P53, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, apoptosis and bladder cancer pathway. Conclusions S. nigrum may mediate pharmacological effects in BC through multi-target and various signaling pathways. Further validation is required experimentally. Network pharmacology approach provides a predicative novel strategy to reveal the holistic mechanism of action of herbs.

Hety Diana Septika, Kiftian Hady Prasetya

Community literacy in the 21st century is a marker for the occurrence of changes in human resources. Seen from the community behavior change that leads to a crisis of morals and the morals of a man. The necessity of introduction of luhurdan wisdom values can be adopted from the penenalan the various literary works. Later literary works can be used as learning materials in elementary school. One folk story as cultural products at once literary texts can be used as a medium to reflect the culture of the people. Through the charge contained in the literary text is expected to be the start of a revival for fixing the crisis of morality and ethics. As well as embody the formation of mental and intellectual activities read, write melaluia feathered Bob, an increased sense of humanity and social care, the growth of cultural appreciation, channelling ideas, growth of imagination, as well as an increase in creative and constructive expression.

Suherli Kusmana, Jaja Wilsa, Ipit Fitriawati et al.

This study aims to overcome the problem of limited teaching materials for Indonesian subjects in vocational high schools, especially about folklore. The method used in this research is research and development. The results obtained by folklore that developed in the Cirebon and Indramayu districts have moral values and are close to students' lives so that they are suitable for use as teaching material. The folklore analyzed has structure, linguistic elements, and moral values so that it can be used as a basis for the development of folklore teaching materials but by adjusting the use of language. The development of folklore teaching materials is adjusted to the achievement of basic competencies validated by experts and practitioners to get a classification as teaching materials that are suitable for use in vocational High School in the Cirebon and Indramayu regions. Based on the results of the learning trials it is known that these teaching materials can be used effectively in improving students' ability to produce literary works, especially short stories by using basic ideas from folklore. Teaching material developed is more interesting for students 'interest and enthusiasm, because the teaching material is in accordance with the students' cultural background. The students' responses to teaching materials were very enthusiastic when presented teaching materials that came from folklore from the Cirebon area, aroused curiosity, and learning activities took place dynamically and students did not feel fed up.

M. D. Rahiem, H. Rahim

This research investigated the use of folklore in early childhood disaster education. A systematic analysis of the literature was used to evaluate early childhood disaster education. The researchers identified different concepts present in the literature; and examined patterns, parallels, and regularities. The researchers synthesized the principle of folklore use in early childhood disaster education as part of this research. Folklores have a tremendous potential to make early childhood disaster education effective if interpreted, integrated, and demonstrated by science. This work provides a strong foundation for further study into the same research issue by using empirical data or research into how to make folklore an efficient tool for early childhood disaster education. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.8.4