Hasil untuk "English literature"

M. Ahmadi

The use of technology has become an important part of the learning process in and out of the class. Every language class usually uses some form of technology. Technology has been used to both help and improve language learning. Technology enables teachers to adapt classroom activities, thus enhancing the language learning process. Technology continues to grow in importance as a tool to help teachers facilitate language learning for their learners. This study focuses on the role of using new technologies in learning English as a second/foreign language. It discussed different attitudes which support English language learners to increase their learning skills through using technologies. In this paper, the researcher defined the term technology and technology integration, explained the use of technology in language classroom, reviewed previous studies on using technologies in improving language learning skills, and stated certain recommendations for the better use of these technologies, which assist learners in improving their learning skills. The literature review indicated that the effective use of new technologies improves learners’ language learning skills.

W. Albiladi, Khlood K. Alshareef

This paper provides a review of the research related to the use of blended learning in English as a second/foreign language context. Blended learning is a relatively new field that combines traditional teaching approaches with distance and online learning. The use of blended learning has been emphasized by the recent research that examines the academic and social benefits of this teaching approach. Because it combines traditional and online teaching modes, the promise of blended learning rests on the strengths of both teaching approaches. The present review of the literature revealed that blended learning can be used effectively to develop language skills, enhance the English learning environment, and promote students’ motivation toward learning the language. There is a dearth of literature that examines the challenges that face language teachers when using blended learning. Hence, more research has to be done to identify and deal with these challenges.

Ruijun Guo, Jiajun Xu, Chunxia Li et al.

Abstract Objective Tumor-derived exosomes testing can be effective in diagnosing disease and assisting in the treatment of disease. Our study utilizes bibliometric analysis to identify research hotspots related to tumor-derived exosomes, predict emerging research frontiers and development trends, and offer diverse perspectives for advancing research in this field. Methods Search the Web of Science Core Collection for English-language literature published on the field of tumor-derived exosomes from 2015 to 2024. CiteSpace(6.2.R3) software was utilized to visualize the distribution of countries/regions, institutions, authors, co-cited authors, and co-cited journals within the relevant literature. Additionally, co-occurrence, clustering, and emergence analyses were conducted on the co-cited references. Results An analysis of 2523 articles meeting the inclusion criteria revealed a steady increase in the number of publications in this field over the past decade. In terms of countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals that published articles, the most productive were China, Ministry of Education-China, Theresa L. Whiteside, and CANCER RES, respectively. The most influential were The United States, Harvard University, Theresa L. Whiteside, and CANCER RES, respectively. The mechanisms underlying exosomal PD-L1 and engineered exosomes are currently prominent research foci, warranting meticulous examination by the academic community. Conclusion Within the field of research on tumor-derived exosomes, current investigations appear largely concentrated on the exosome PD-L1 mechanism and engineered exosomes. Possible future research hotspots will focus on the use of engineered exosomes to target tumor cells and as a drug delivery platform for more precise therapeutic targeting.

Carrie Brooke-Sumner, Yandisa Sikweyiya, Mercilene T Machisa et al.

Introduction Young people in higher education face various stressors that can make them vulnerable to mental ill-health. Mental health promotion in this group therefore has important potential benefits. Peer-facilitated and group-format interventions may be feasible and sustainable. The scoping review outlined in this protocol aims to map the literature on group-format, peer-facilitated, in-person interventions for mental health promotion for higher education students attending courses on campuses in high and low/middle-income countries.Methods and analysis Relevant studies will be identified through conducting searches of electronic databases, including Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC and PsycINFO. Searches will be conducted using Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and truncation functions appropriate for each database. We will include a grey literature search. We will include articles from student participants of any gender, and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2008 and 2023. We will include English-language studies and all study types including randomised controlled trials, pilot studies and descriptive studies of intervention development. A draft charting table has been developed, which includes the fields: author, publication date, country/countries, aims, population and sample size, demographics, methods, intervention type, comparisons, peer training, number of sessions/duration of intervention, outcomes and details of measures.Ethics and dissemination No primary data will be collected from research participants to produce this review so ethics committee approval is not required. All data will be collated from published peer-reviewed studies already in the public domain. We will publish the review in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal accessible to researchers in low/middle-income countries. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/agbfj/).

Maxence Gouleau

Pregnancy remains a rare diegetic occurrence in literature. When it appears, it has been remarked, most recently by writer Jessie Greengrass, that pregnancy struggles to ‘stand both for itself and for something other’ (Greengrass 2018). Pregnancy and maternity are at best metaphors or allegories for something else, a tendency that is not exclusively found but most often observed and most problematic in male-authored texts (Friedman 1987; Hanson 2015). While this is true of texts in which pregnancy and maternity are ‘despatched elsewhere while in the centre of things a man paces a carpet’ (Greengrass), it hardly applies to two contemporary male-authored texts in which pregnancy and maternity are central to the diegesis: Graham Swift’s Waterland (1983) and Andrew Cowan’s Common Ground (1996). This article shows that these texts’ anxious male perspectives offer ‘a new figure of the father’, one whose language makes manifest that which ‘does not signify’ and restores balance between tenor and vehicles in metaphors of pregnancy and maternity (Miller 2005).

Mai T. H. Nguyen, Yuki Sakamoto, Toshiki Maeda et al.

Background This review aimed to quantify the impact of socioeconomic status on functional outcomes from stroke and identify the socioeconomic status indicators that exhibit the highest magnitude of association. Methods and Results We performed a systematic literature search across Medline and Embase from inception to May 2022, to identify observational studies (n≥100, and in English). Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to pool data. We included 19 studies (157 715 patients, 47.7% women) reporting functional outcomes measured with modified Rankin Scale or Barthel index, with 10 assessed as low risk of bias. Measures of socioeconomic status reported were education (11 studies), income (8), occupation (4), health insurance status (3), and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (3). Pooled data suggested that low socioeconomic status was significantly associated with poor functional outcomes, including incomplete education or below high school level versus high school attainment and above (odds ratio [OR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40–1.95]), lowest income versus highest income (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.02–1.83]), a manual job/being unemployed versus a nonmanual job/working (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.29–2.02]), and living in the most disadvantaged socioeconomic neighborhood versus the least disadvantaged (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.25–1.92]). Low health insurance status was also associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.95–1.84]), although this was association was not statistically significant. Conclusions Despite great strides in stroke treatment in the past decades, social disadvantage remains a risk factor for poor functional outcome after an acute stroke. Further research is needed to better understand causal mechanisms and disparities.

S. Chowdhury, K. Gonzalez, M. Aytekin et al.

English is widely recognized as the language of science, and English‐language publications (ELPs) are rapidly increasing. It is often assumed that the number of non‐ELPs is decreasing. This assumption contributes to the underuse of non‐ELPs in conservation science, practice, and policy, especially at the international level. However, the number of conservation articles published in different languages is poorly documented. Using local and international search systems, we searched for scientific articles on biodiversity conservation published from 1980 to 2018 in English and 15 non‐English languages. We compared the growth rate in publications across languages. In 12 of the 15 non‐English languages, published conservation articles significantly increased every year over the past 39 years, at a rate similar to English‐language articles. The other three languages showed contrasting results, depending on the search system. Since the 1990s, conservation science articles in most languages increased exponentially. The variation in the number of non‐English‐language articles identified among the search systems differed markedly (e.g., for simplified Chinese, 11,148 articles returned with local search system and 803 with Scopus). Google Scholar and local literature search systems returned the most articles for 11 and 4 non‐English languages, respectively. However, the proportion of peer‐reviewed conservation articles published in non‐English languages was highest in Scopus, followed by Web of Science and local search systems, and lowest in Google Scholar. About 20% of the sampled non‐English‐language articles provided no title or abstract in English; thus, in theory, they were undiscoverable with English keywords. Possible reasons for this include language barriers and the need to disseminate research in countries where English is not widely spoken. Given the known biases in statistical methods and study characteristics between English‐ and non‐English‐language studies, non‐English‐language articles will continue to play an important role in improving the understanding of biodiversity and its conservation.

John H. Scahill

Abstract:Between the middle of the thirteenth century and the middle of the fourteenth, trilingual miscellanies dramatically increased the presence of English in the manuscript record. Even in those that have an evident functional rationale, structural patterns appear that arise precisely from the combination of languages; and in those that are less obviously functional, language can influence not only the choice of texts, but also the organization. A non-pragmatic, 'literary' tendency can be identified, whereby texts acquire additional significance through their relationship to other texts and to the miscellany as a whole.

Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson, Heezy Suh, Shiri Kalai et al.

Objectives Early and adequate antenatal care (ANC) has been shown to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality globally. Increasing evidence suggests that women’s economic empowerment (WEE) is a critical factor that may influence uptake of ANC during pregnancy. However, existing literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of studies on WEE interventions and their effects on ANC outcomes. This systematic review analyses WEE interventions at the household, community and national levels and their effects on ANC outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries, where the majority of maternal deaths occur.Methods Six electronic databases were systematically searched as well as 19 websites of relevant organisations. Studies published in English and after 2010 were included.Results Following abstract and full-text review, 37 studies were included in this review. Seven studies used an experimental study design, 26 studies used a quasi-experimental study design, 1 study used an observational design and 1 study was a systematic review with meta-analysis. Thirty-one included studies evaluated a household-level intervention, and six studies evaluated a community-level intervention. No included studies examined a national-level intervention.Conclusion Most included studies on household-level and community-level interventions found a positive association between the intervention and the number of ANC visits women received. This review emphasises the need for more WEE interventions that empower women at the national level, for the expansion of the definition of WEE to be more inclusive of the multidimensionality of WEE interventions and the social determinants of health, and the standardisation of ANC outcome measurement globally.

Harzat Abbas, Asif Abbas, Asim Iqbal et al.

This research paper investigates the exploration of trauma within Abdulrazak Gurnah's novel "Afterlives" (2020), examining the profound impact of historical and personal traumas on the characters, particularly the protagonist Hamza. The research adopts a qualitative research paradigm and incorporates primary and secondary sources to analyze the text comprehensively using trauma analysis theory. Literature, as a dominant medium, reflects human experience, with trauma emerging as a pervasive merged theme of stories of suffering and self-discovery. The examination explores treating trauma as a mere narrative device, revealing it as a tangible representation shaping characters' lives. Memories and nightmares in the novel are depicted as echoes of a haunting past, challenging Hamza's sense of self and resilience. The study concludes that "Afterlives" stands out as an exceptional portrayal of trauma in literature, emphasizing the long-lasting impact on the human psyche. Suggestions include a comparative analysis with similar works, an exploration of postcolonial perspectives in Gurnah's literature, and an examination of healing mechanisms portrayed in the aftermath of trauma. Ultimately, the research adds to a broader comprehension of literary trauma, emphasizing its relevance in shaping human experiences and promoting empathy, kindness, and solidarity in adversity.

Dieli Vesaro Palma, Thiago Zilio Passerini

O presente artigo tem como objetivo detalhar as principais contribuições de Leonor Lopes Fávero aos estudos linguísticos empreendidos no Brasil, mais especificamente os relacionados à linguística textual. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se o recorte temporal de 1980 a 1986, que compreende, aproximadamente, ao primeiro momento da linguística textual brasileira, delimitado por Koch (1999). Com relação à perspectiva de análise adotada, partiu-se dos pressupostos da historiografia linguística postulados sobretudo por Koerner (2014) e Swiggers (2012). O corpus selecionado contou com textos que circularam no intervalo estabelecido, entre eles, artigos, anais de congressos, livros e capítulos de livros. Como material epi-historiográfico, utilizaram-se principalmente, as contribuições de Bentes (2001), Fávero (2017, 2019, 2021), Galembeck (2015) e Koch (1997, 1999, 2003). Os resultados da análise mostraram a relevância da autora para o período em questão, no que se refere tanto à introdução quanto ao desenvolvimento dos estudos linguísticos textuais no Brasil.

Pei-Fei Liao, Ping-Yu Wang, Tzu-Rong Peng

<b>Objective</b>: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). <b>Methods:</b> A literature search was conducted of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library and was limited to the English literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to July 2022 were considered for inclusion. The outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade ≥ 3 treatment-related AEs (TRAE). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the PD-L1 expression status, and the differences between first- and second-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were estimated. <b>Results:</b> We included five RCTs comprising 3584 patients in the analysis. Compared with chemotherapy alone, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as monotherapy did not significantly prolong OS [hazard ratios (HR), 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81–1.00] or PFS (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95–1.32). However, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy significantly improved both OS (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.96) and PFS (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71–0.90). Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that in mUC with PD-L1 expression ≥ 5%, treatment with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone did not reduce the risk of death. Safety analysis showed that the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone did not significantly increase the incidence rates of grade ≥ 3 TRAEs. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results show that use of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone as first-line treatment is similar to chemotherapy in terms of both survival and response rates. However, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy has a significant benefit in terms of PFS or OS. Nonetheless, more RCTs are warranted to evaluate efficiency and safety in the combination regimen of chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Darmawan Labira

This study investigated teachers' and students' reflection on the problem of writing narrative text in a remote area. The data were taken from 30 students and 15 EFL teachers from purposely selected schools that have reputations of being the best and largest school in the Sikka regency using written test to find out the students’ abilities in writing narrative text. The researcher used questionnaire to collect the data regarding student experiences and experiences. The finding indicated grammatical aspect as the biggest student’s problem (25 errors), the mechanic aspect of writing revealed 24 errors, 23 errors in vocabulary aspect, writing content revealed 20 errors, writing organization revealed 20 errors. The problems raised when students started to put words on paper, students forgot their storytelling abilities: students couldn’t think of topics; omitted relevant details, but go on and on about irrelevant ones; their dialogue was bland; couldn’t figure out how to start and how to end. Grammar and vocabulary were mostly performed in writing activities, most teachers used 50-minute time allocations for writing practices and pictures to pictures model was mostly adopted by teachers.

Monther M. Elaish, Liyana Shuib, N. Ghani et al.

I. Murat Öner

Alice Munro stitches a patchwork of short stories in her 1968 short story collection, Dance of the Happy Shades. The collection is constructed as a rhizomatic multiplicity wherein stories relate to each other in a rhizomatic pattern, as off-shoots of the same organic body. Each story in Dance of the Happy Shades is also internally constructed in the same way as a multiplicity, where micro-narratives are assembled as pieces of a patchwork to form a whole. This paper, however, explores only the opening story “Walker Brothers Cowboy” through a geocritical and geophilosophical lens and shows how Munro builds it through the same pattern. The story comprises multiple micro-narratives of different lengths and forms, each of which functions as part of this organic growth. The essay also shows how the juxtaposition of such micro-narratives, and of smoothing and striating images, creates a heterochronian heterotopia at the climax of the story.

Rizal Nur Rasyiid, Maulina Maulina, Celso P. Resueňo et al.

Highlights Social media of Instagram plays an important role in daily life communication and interaction also pledge a myriad potential learning to develop students’ English skills. ABSTRACT: The social media of Instagram, one of the most used platforms to connect online, is used to build relations and correlations among individuals to support long-distance interaction. Educators and researchers often apply it in global contexts for educational purposes like the teaching and researching English learning using Instagram. This study presents an analysis of Instagram usage in daily life also its usage in the English learning development with strengths and weaknesses reviews. Authors gathered data from reviewing trustworthy articles sources like Research Gate, Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, Arab International English Journal, Springer link, Atlantis press, and Science Direct.

Michal Kleprlík

George Steiner was a French-American polymath and polyglot. Along with Umberto Eco, Steiner has been ranked among the very last European metaphysicians as well as a leading cultural critic of the 20th century. Although an erudite scholar writing extensively in four languages about the most pressing issues of late modernity, Steiner has never been very popular among the general public. While his original essays won critical acclaim, by intellectuals he has also been rebuked for his ill-judged, doom-laden and reactionary elitist visions. The following paper deals with Steiner’s most thought-provoking, “heretical” texts on the nature of modern barbarism and the basic inhumanity at the heart of the humanities. The aim is to suggest possible reasons for Steiner’s “persona non grata” status.

Rayi Kena Ferraz da Cunha

A presente resenha tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar a obra da jornalista canadense Michelle Dean intitulada Afiadas – as mulheres que fizeram da opinião uma arte, publicada pela editora Todavia em 2018.

Akhmad Anwar Dani, Ari Hikmawati, Fathan Fathan

Educational quality assurance is an important part of the education system, its function is to ensure that the education process goes according to plan and is able to achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. The implementation of Digital Assurance in the English Literature Department of Surakarta IAIN is one of the innovative steps in the quality assurance process at Surakarta IAIN. This paper will describe the transformation process that occurs in the implementation of Digital Assurance. Data obtained from interviews and documentation studies. The analysis carried out concluded that the transformation process of quality assurance based on Digital Assurance in the Department of English Literature used a Top-Down pattern. Transformation is supported by leadership factors and strong commitment, adequate human resource support and a conducive organizational ecosystem.

Steven M. Alexander, Jennifer F. Provencher, Dominique A. Henri et al.

Abstract Background The incorporation of multiple types of knowledge (e.g., science, Indigenous knowledge, traditional ecological knowledge) is an important undertaking, which can strengthen the evidence-base for policy advice, decision making, and environmental management. While the benefits of incorporating multiple types of knowledge in environmental research and management are many, successfully doing so has remained a challenge. In response there has been a number of recent reviews that have sought to better understand the what and how, when it comes to bridging Indigenous and science-based knowledge. Yet there continues to be a need for methods, models, and approaches for integrative work. This systematic map seeks to examine the extent, range, and nature of the published literature (i.e., peer-reviewed and grey) that integrates and/or includes Indigenous and science-based knowledge in coastal-marine research, monitoring, or management in Canada. Results from this study can be used to inform new and ongoing research and monitoring efforts and highlight evidence gaps. Methods The systematic map will aim to capture all available studies relevant to the question found in the peer-reviewed and grey literature. Accordingly, the search will leverage four databases focused on peer reviewed publications, carefully selected specialist websites, and two web-based search engines. Reference sections of relevant review articles will also be cross-checked to identify articles that were not found using the search strategy. All searches will be conducted in English. Search results will be reviewed in two stages: (1) title and abstract; and (2) full text. All screening decisions will be included in the database. The systematic map will employ a narrative synthesis approach that will include the use of descriptive statistics, tables (including SM database), and figures (including map with the studies geospatially referenced). In addition, an online version of the map and queryable database will be developed similar to other knowledge mobilization tools.