Hasil untuk "Diplomatics. Archives. Seals"

Adrieli Sandra de Oliveira Jacinto, José Francisco Guelfi Campos

O artigo examina a aplicação dos princípios arquivísticos da proveniência, do respeito aos fundos e da ordem original em arquivos de família, analisando suas adaptações diante da complexidade desses acervos. O estudo identifica os principais desafios na aplicação dos princípios e propõe uma interpretação contextual da proveniência, que considera a trajetória dos documentos e amplia o alcance da teoria arquivística na representação desses arquivos. Palavras-chave: arquivos pessoais; arquivos de família; respeito aos fundos; princípio da proveniência; princípio da ordem original.

Lucas Porto

O artigo analisa a relação entre o acervo pessoal e a performance biográfica de Antônio Arantes (1930-2009), um trabalhador anônimo que alcançou destacada mobilidade social e redigiu sua autobiografia, um manuscrito inédito que dialoga profundamente com outros documentos de seu vasto acervo particular. O argumento defendido é que a imagem de si concebida por Arantes ao longo da vida resulta de sua luta contínua contra desigualdades e hierarquias diversas e, por isso, não pode ser compreendida como uma mera invenção da posteridade. Palavras-chave: escrita de si; arquivos pessoais; autobiografia.

Mathias Kaimangui

La création de l’Union Camerounaise (U.C.) par Ahmadou Ahidjo à Garoua, le 1er mai 1958, intervint au lendemain de la crise ministérielle qui le porta au poste de premier ministre. Le but d’un parti politique étant la conquête et la conservation du pouvoir, la création de l’U.C. donnait ainsi l’occasion à son fondateur d’asseoir son pouvoir politique. Lors de la formation de ce mouvement politique, il fit face à l’opposition d’une partie de l’aristocratie foulbé, notamment le lamido Yaya Daïrou de Maroua. Ahmadou Ahidjo s’appuya sur les « jeunes turcs » au nombre desquels les élites kirdi. Quelle est la contribution de ces dernières dans la création et l’implantation de l’U.C. dans la partie septentrionale du Cameroun ? Cet article ambitionne de saisir le rôle des élites kirdi dans le renforcement du pouvoir politique d’Ahmadou Ahidjo par l’implantation de l’U.C. au Nord-Cameroun. C’est la question de la participation politique des élites kirdi à la construction de l’unité nationale qui se pose à travers cette étude.

Ana Paula Sampaio Caldeira, Carlos Henrique Juvêncio

Paulo Knauss de Mendonça é professor adjunto do Departamento de História da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), onde atua também nos programas de pós-graduação em História e em Ensino de História, além de ser professor colaborador no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Contemporâneos de Arte. Também pela UFF, doutorou-se em História em 1998, com a tese intitulada “Imaginária urbana e poder simbólico: escultura pública no Rio de Janeiro e Niterói”. Em sua trajetória de pesquisa, dedicou-se ao estudo das relações entre arte, imagem e cultura visual, bem como aos campos da memória e do patrimônio cultural. Tem vasta experiência no campo da gestão cultural como diretor do Museu Histórico Nacional (MHN), de 2015 a 2020; diretor-geral do Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Aperj), entre 2017 e 2014; e, atualmente, diretor do Museu do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB). Nesta conversa com os editores do dossiê “Arquivos, museus e bibliotecas como espaços de produção de conhecimento”, Paulo Knauss contou um pouco da sua trajetória acadêmica e da sua experiência à frente dessas instituições culturais e patrimoniais.

Anna A. Mikhalchuk

The article reveals the epistemological potential of the heritage of Early Modern European scholars, who, as part of their historical, ecclesiastical and secular, local and national, ge-nealogical and diplomatics’, studies, left rich handwritten and published collections of cop-ies of medieval sources. Among them, due to the prevailing interest of historiographers of the 17th–18th centuries in archival originals, documents are primarily distinguished, but ma-terial monuments of the past are not left out, especially medieval seals sealing acts, endow-ing them with authenticity, and also serving as personal symbolic objects of their owners, reflecting their social status. Using the example of French scholars of the Early Modern pe-riod, the author of the article tries to prove their independent interest in seals as in a re-main of the glorious past, an "argument" of a historical fact and a valuable personal object. This interest produced a critical sigillographic discourse among scholars: they became at-tentive not only to the images on the seals, but also to their material features and to their owners. Although they were not devoid of engagement towards the seals’ owners, as to the authorities who financed their research, scholars based their "histories" solely on archival material, and, due to high-quality copies of drawings and engravings made by professional artists, their works contain a large number of medieval seals that have not come down to us in the original.

Laura Millar

Zarządzanie „bezkształtna masą” w erze cyfrowej W pracy Z zagadnień współczesnej archiwistyki polskiej, opublikowanej w 1927 r. w „Archeionie”, znany polski archiwista Kazimierz Konarski pisał o wyzwaniu, jakim było zarządzanie „bezkształtną masą” współczesnych archiwów w XX w. Autorka, kanadyjska konsultantka ds. archiwów i niezależna badaczka Laura Millar analizuje wyzwania związane z zarządzaniem dokumentacją i archiwami w XXI w.: zarządzania „bezkształtną masą” zapisów elektronicznych zalewających instytucje rządowe i organizacje w erze cyfrowej. „Zalew” fizycznej i tekstowej dokumentacji, z którą borykał się K. Konarski sto lat temu, przybrał kształt potoku niewidzialnych, wszechobecnych, nieuchwytnych zapisów elektronicznych – zdjęć, nagrań audio, baz danych, danych generowanych przez sztuczną inteligencję i nie tylko – gromadzonych na niezliczonych twardych dyskach komputerów, w systemach przechowywania w chmurze i osobistych urządzeniach cyfrowych. W jaki sposób archiwista może zarządzać źródłami cyfrowymi, które są jednocześnie efemeryczne i wieczne? L. Millar argumentuje, iż aby zapewnić społeczeństwu niezbędną do funkcjonowania dokumentację, archiwiści muszą odwrócić uwagę od opieki nad statycznymi, „starymi” archiwami i skupić się bezpośrednio na pracy polegającej na zachowaniu i rejestrowaniu dowodów teraźniejszości. era cyfrowa może zmienić nasze metody, jednak nasza misja pozostaje ta sama: wspierać społeczeństwo w zachowaniu, ochronie i udostępnianiu niezbędnych źródeł dokumentalnych. * The article is a transcript of a lecture by Dr. Laura Millar delivered on October 25, 2023 at the Warsaw School of Economics as part of the series of the international lectures “Konarski Lecures”, organized by Polish State Archives. 

Riley Linebaugh

ABSTRACT In the aftermath of the Hanslope Park disclosure and the release of the ‘migrated archives,’ the United Kingdom’s (UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) had to supply a reason for how it came to pass those tens of thousands of classified records documenting Britain’s colonial administrations were stored in secret for half a century. Officially, the FCO responded that its own accidental neglect had resulted in the scandal. This article, by using archival materials released as part of the ‘migrated archives’ and research conducted at the Kenyan National Archive, argues that the contrary was true. In response to growing pressures from former colonies and international organisations, the FCO intentionally concealed ‘embarrassing’ colonial administrative files from public view as a strategy to preserve the UK’s diplomatic standing and political prowess amidst the geopolitical shifts caused by decolonisation and the Cold War. The article describes this strategy in the context of colonial fragility, or the cosmetic interest in protecting the UK’s reputation as a ‘good’ state, which in turn propagated harm along racialised lines by dislocating evidence of the colonial past.

Fabiana de Jesus Cerqueira, Theresinha Guimarães Miranda

A biblioteca universitária é um dos espaços em que as políticas educacionais inclusivas se materializam, as quais asseguram a educação como um direito. Desse modo, exige-se do bibliotecário uma postura proativa no tocante a acolher usuários na condição de deficiência com paridade e equidade e, assim, fornecer subsídio para a legitimação dessas políticas no âmbito da biblioteca. Diante deste cenário, o objetivo da pesquisa consiste em realizar um levantamento de quais bibliotecas universitárias federais da região do Nordeste apresentam serviços destinados às pessoas com deficiências, especialmente no tocante a oferta de acervo acessível e de tecnologia assistiva. A pesquisa, qualitativa e quantitativa, de caráter descritivo, teve como fundamento o método de abordagem dialético-materialista. Os dados foram coletados nos sites das instituições; referente aos procedimentos adotou-se a análise de conteúdo. Ao realizar tal investigação, identificou-se que do total das vinte bibliotecas das universidades federais da região Nordeste, apenas oito apresentam nos sites serviços destinados às pessoas com deficiência. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a inclusão nas bibliotecas universitárias federais do Nordeste ainda se apresenta em estágio inicial na maioria das bibliotecas.  

Ana Claudia Medeiros de Sousa, Dayane Patrícia Silva dos Reis, Gleice Pereira dos Santos

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar os atributos de descrição bibliográfica e de autoridade de documentos musicográficos, a partir do Código de Catalogação Anglo-Americano (AACR2) e da Resource Description Access (RDA). A partitura escolhida foi a de autoria de Chiquinha Gonzaga, intitulada ‘Ó abre alas’. Para tanto, a pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva e documental. Na análise dos dados foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa, com o intuito de interpretar os aspectos inerentes às partituras e aos elementos de descrição. Os resultados apontaram que o processo de representação bibliográfica e de autoridade, tendo como base os códigos, normas e formatos, possibilitam que os documentos musicográficos sejam passíveis de descrição e, sobretudo, de recuperação. Observou-se que os atributos e atualizações sugeridos pela RDA, tais como o acréscimo do campo de descrição para tipo de conteúdo; os atributos relacionados à pessoa que incluem: campo de atividade, ocupação, dados biográficos, informações sobre a família, local associado, etc., são informações que contribuem para compreensão dos usuários do contexto em que o documento foi produzido, que no caso de partituras, essas informações colaboram na preparação da performance do músico que irá realizá-la o mais próximo possível da ideia do compositor.

Ana Paula de Oliveira Villalobos, Ricardo Veloso Fontoura

A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a ferramenta de Inteligência Artificial SmartJud do Processo Judicial Eletrônico do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia. Em termos da metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de caso e de uma pesquisa documental, em relação aos objetivos é caracterizada como exploratório-descritiva, a coleta de dados foi realizada na base de dados da ferramenta de Chatbot, bem como através de entrevistas com os gestores e técnicos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da ferramenta. Como resultado foi observada a média anual de 66% de chamados resolvidos pelo SmartJud PJe para o ano de 2018, e evidenciada a utilização de conceitos na interface entre a Ciência da Informação e a Inteligência Artificial relacionados à gestão informacional. Pode-se concluir que, através da inclusão da funcionalidade do Chatbot, foi possível identificar a ampliação do atendimento às demandas informacionais através do sistema com a consequente redução de atendimento via Service Desk, movimentação de pessoal para atendimento de outros tipos de chamados, e redução de custos.

Devon Mordell

ABSTRACT In 2017 the European Union (EU) adopted P8_TA-PRO0051, a resolution outlining a series of recommendations for the Commission on Civil Law Rules for Robotics. Despite its ostensibly futuristic premise, the resolution is firmly grounded in the concerns of the present: mapping the legal and ethical implications of autonomous robots for European lawmakers. Included in the EU resolution is the proposal to investigate creating a legal status for electronic persons so that autonomous robots can be responsible for damages they cause. One inconspicuous site that stands to be transformed by a legislative instrument granting electronic personhood is archival diplomatics: the prospect of electronic persons represents a peculiar challenge to some of its foundational ideas. That is, the definition of persons — the central element of any document — within diplomatics has not yet been discussed in relation to the possibility of electronic persons or personhood. Drawing from legal scholarship on robotics, I will provide an exploratory overview of what a status as persons for autonomous robots and AI systems might entail for an evolving theory of archival diplomatics.

Ayhan Aktar

This article is on the diplomatic processes leading to the decision to exchange populations between Greece and Turkey during the peace negotiations at the Lausanne Conference in 1923. The US National Archives has rich and hitherto unexploited archival material that encompasses the correspondence between Istanbul, Athens and the US Department of State. As the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives is still closed to researchers, US diplomatic correspondence gives a clear picture of how Greek and Turkish statesmen, as well as intermediaries such as the representatives of the League of Nations, developed and accomplished the idea of population exchange in 1922–23.

Géssica Pinto Rodrigues, Jaisson Teixeira Lino

O artigo propõe a análise das publicações do jornal Diário do Iguaçu que tratam dos indígenas no Oeste Catarinense, visando compreender as representações atribuídas pelo periódico a esses povos e as relações entre os conteúdos publicados e os conflitos sociais por eles vivenciados. Busca-se também ressaltar as contribuições dos periódicos como fonte para a pesquisa histórica. Palavras-chave: história indígena; história e imprensa; representações culturais; Oeste Catarinense.

Xueliang Lu, L. Andrés, Bonjin Koo et al.

An integral squeeze film damper (ISFD) offers the advantages of a lower number of parts, a shorter axial span, a lighter weight, a split manufacturing, and high precision on its film clearance construction. An ISFD does not only add damping to reduce shaft vibration amplitudes and to enhance the stability of a rotor-bearing system but also can be used to tune a rotor-bearing system natural frequency, and thus increasing the operational safety margin between the running shaft speed and the system critical speed. In spite of the numerous commercial applications, the archival literature is scant as per the experimental quantification of force coefficients for ISFDs. This paper details the results of an experimental and analytical endeavor to quantify and to predict the dynamic force coefficients of an ISFD, hence bridging the gap between theory and practice. With an axial length of 76 mm, the test damper element has four arcuate film lands, 73 deg in arc extent at a diameter of 157 mm, and each with a clearance (c) equaling to 0.353 mm. As is customary, the damper has its axial ends sealed with end plates produced by a set of installed shims giving an axial gap (d) equal to 1.5c, 1.21c, and 0.8c. A baseline configuration, namely, open ends, is also tested without the end seals in place. In the test rig, the ISFD and its housing are flexibly mounted while the rotor is rigid and stationary (no spinning). The lubricant is an ISO VG46 oil supplied at a low pressure, 1 to 2 bar(g) and ∼47 °C inlet temperature, typical of compressor applications. The test procedure applies static loads on the ISFD and records the bearing static offset or eccentricity to verify the structure stiffness, and meanwhile, individual hydraulic shakers deliver dynamic loads along two orthogonal directions to produce motions over a set frequency range, 10 Hz to 160 Hz. The ISFD produces direct damping and inertia that increase with the journal static eccentricity albeit at a lower rate than predictions from a computational squeeze film flow model that includes lubricant compressibility. The end seals are effective in significantly raising the damping coefficient while reducing the oil through flow rate. The damper with the tightest sealed ends (d = 0.8c) shows nearly 20 times more damping that the open ends ISFD albeit also revealing a significant stiffness hardening (negative virtual mass) as the excitation frequency increases. On the contrary, the open ends ISFD and the sealed-ends configurations with gaps d = 1.21c and 1.5c produce a (positive) virtual mass that exceeds the test element physical mass and thus softens the test element direct dynamic stiffness. For the configurations with loose end seals (d = 1.21c or larger to open ends), the model predicts well the damping coefficients but under predicts the added masses by 50% or more. Note this virtual mass coefficient, largely ignored in practice, can make the test element either extremely stiff as with the sealed damper configuration with the smallest gap d = 0.8c, or very soft as with the ISFD with end seals gap = 1.21c or 1.5c. Hence, designers are cautioned not to pursue overly tight end sealed dampers as the mineral lubricant, nearly incompressible though always having a small amount of entrapped gas, may behave distinctly when confined to a squeezed film volume and having no adequate routes to escape or flow through.

Justyna Szulc, I. Jablonskaja, E. Jabłońska et al.

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine microbial and metabolites diversity on the samples of damaged mediaeval beeswax seals from the Archdiocese Archive of Gniezno, Poland. We employed high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina platform and 109Ag SALDI metabolome analysis for the first time to assess biodeterioration of the beeswax seals. Bacteria belonged to the genera Mesorhizobium, Delftia, Ralstonia, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Olsenella and fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Aureobasidium, Chaetomium, Malassezia, and others microorganisms identified with lower relative abundance may be responsible for the biodeterioration of the seals analysed. Between 112 and 456 chemical compounds were identified on the seal samples. In all samples, fatty acids, mono- di- and triglycerides, hydrocarbons and lipids including glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, glycerophosphoserines, glycerophosphoglycerols, glycerophosphates, glycerophosphoinositols, ceramides and sphingomyelins, were detected. Chemical compounds including fatty oxyacids and metabolites of microbiological origin belonged to 20 metabolic pathways can be considered as indicators of biodeterioration of beeswax seals. The usefulness of new available methods - high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina platform and 109Ag SALDI in historical seals biodeterioration analysis was demonstrated.

M. MacAllister

Abstract The 1893 Paris Arbitration sought to resolve an ecological crisis in the North Pacific Fur Seal population that had become an economic and political crisis. Overlapping webs of capital, identity and commodities created a series of seasonal ‘war scares’ between the United States and the British Empire. Mass Politics in Canada and the United States served to propel the crisis, and to prevent its resolution by normal diplomatic means. Seeking an escape from the conundrum, the powers submitted the question to Arbitration. This episode sheds light, therefore, on the mechanisms by which the diplomatic services of global empires reacted to the late-nineteenth century pressures of mass consumption, mass politics, and mass ecological destruction.

Gut, Paweł

Statutory grounds for the activity of German archives. Federal and national laws on archives Laws on archives lay down the purposes and tasks of archives. Modern archival legislation began to develop as early as at the time of the French Revolution. According to Elanie Goh, the development of archives and the enactment of archival law was either revolutionary or evolutionary. The federal political system of Germany is also reflected in its law on archives, in the organisation of archives, in record management and in its archival fonds. This results, for example, from the variety of archive traditions and from the past political systems in Germany, which is why the country archival legislation relies on both enactment trends. Up until the 1980s, the issue of archival fonds and archives in the Federal Republic of Germany, a democratic state, was not regulated by laws on archives (Archivgesetze) but by other regulations instead, usually administrative orders. This changed due to personal data protection and confidentiality legislation. The first domestic law on archives was adopted by Baden-Württemberg in 1987, and the federal act (Bundesarchivgesetz) was signed in January 1988. By 1997, all the states received archival legislation, which was either amended or re-enacted over the next two decades. A new federal law on archives was announced in 2017. German laws on archives are concise documents that address the main aspects of archival fonds, record management (also for electronic records) and archive organisation. Being so laconic, the legislation does not require vast modifications during the creation of other laws that influence archives (for example, personal data protection laws).

Olefhile Mosweu

The purpose of this paper was to assess whether Botswana’s Government Accounting and Budgeting System (GABS), an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, generates digital records and maintains them as authentic over time. GABS was deployed by the Accountant General’s Department (AGD) in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MFED), to manage accounting and financial management processes right from budgeting to expenditure. Business applications such as ERPs generate digital records whose authenticity over time may not be guaranteed because by design, they are not recordkeeping systems. This qualitative study used concepts influenced by archival diplomatics as a theoretical lens to assess the authenticity of records generated and stored in GABS . Data was collected through systems analysis and interviews with purposively selected information and communication technology (ICT) professionals at AGD. The study found out that GABS generates authentic digital records as theorised by archival diplomatics. The records are thus authentic enough to support auditing processes in the public sector of Botswana.

W. Jo, M. Peters, A. Kydyrmanov et al.

Canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus; CDV) is a worldwide distributed morbillivirus that causes sporadic cases and recurrent epizootics among an increasing number of wild, feral, and domestic animal species. We investigated the evolutionary history of CDV strains involved in the 1988 Lake Baikal (CDVPS88) and the 2000 Caspian Sea (CDVPC00) seal die-offs by recovery of full-length sequences from archived material using next-generation sequencing. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated that CDVPC00 constitutes a novel strain in a separate clade (tentatively termed “Caspian”) from the America-1 clade, which is comprised of older vaccine strains. The America-1/Caspian monophyletic group is positioned most basally with respect to other clades and is estimated to have separated from other CDV clades around 1832. Our results indicate that CDVPC00 recovered from the epizootic in the Caspian Sea in 2000 belongs to a previously undetected novel clade and constitutes the most ancestral wild-type CDV clade.

J. Lowry

As the European powers appeared to withdraw from their colonies, they often took with them records that were subsequently claimed by the governments of the newly independent countries. These records are post-colonial examples of displaced archives. In recent history, the problem of displaced archives has been approached as a legal problem, and this has produced relatively few resolutions to archival claims. This article approaches displaced archives from a new perspective, applying theories and concepts recently introduced into archival theory by Michelle Caswell, Anne Gilliland and Marika Cifor: affect, imagined records and impossible archival imaginaries, and radical empathy. This article will show that these concepts, which have been deployed to decolonise diverse aspects of archival work, could also help resolve a persistent international problem, which is both technical and geopolitical/diplomatic. This article will argue that archival theory, as recently influenced by Caswell, Gilliland and Cifor, demands a significantly changed approach to archival displacement, even as it sometimes arrives at established positions on repatriation and access. This change involves opening up dialogues about displaced archives to considerations beyond the juridical or geopolitical, to form richer understandings of archival displacement and its effects on individuals and communities. The article challenges individual archivists to apply the concepts of affect, imagined records and impossible archival imaginaries, and radical empathy in their work with colonial records as a component of decolonial archival praxis, and finally proposes a critical theorisation of displaced archives.