O tempo presente se singulariza pela ruptura e pelo casuísmo. Ruptura e casuísmo que sugerem, atentos nós a um específico nódulo de preocupações, um esfumaçar dos limites entre o direito penal e o administrativo.
Criminal law and procedure, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Abstract Crowdfunding has become important in increasing financial support for the development of green technologies. Self-disclosed information significantly affects supporters’ decisions and is important for the success of green project funding. However, current studies still lack investigations into the impact of information disclosure on green crowdfunding performance. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap by exploring eight information disclosure-relevant factors in green crowdfunding performance. Applying machine learning techniques (e.g., Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision) and logistic regression, this study investigates 720 green crowdfunding campaigns on GoFundMe and empirically finds that the duration, length of campaign introductions, and length of the title influence fundraising outcomes. However, no evidence supports the impact of goal size, emotion of campaign introduction, or image content on funding success. This study clarifies the information disclosure-related data that green crowdfunding campaigns should consider and provides founders with a constructive guide to smoothly raise money for a green crowdfunding campaign. This study also contributes to data processing methods by providing future studies with an approach for transferring unstructured data to structured data.
Введение: в современных условиях развития нашего государства требуются новые подходы к понятию и инструментарию юридической техники. Широкий подход к понятию юридической техники значительно увеличивает сферу ее ответственности, осуществляя выход
за рамки исключительно внешней обработки правовых актов, обеспечивая внутреннюю согласованность и социальную обусловленность норм права. В этой связи реализация инструментальных возможностей юридической техники может оказать положительное влияние на
развитие новых отраслей права, в частности пенитенциарного права. Методы: принципы
диалектико-материалистического познания, требующие объективного и всестороннего
изучения предмета в совокупности его противоречивых сторон, а также комплекс общенаучных (анализ, синтез, индукция и дедукция) и частно-правовых (формально-юридический)
методов. Цель: анализ прикладных возможностей широкого подхода к юридической технике
как технике правового регулирования в формировании и развитии пенитенциарного права
как относительно самостоятельной отрасли современного российского права. Выводы: в состав юридической техники как техники правового регулирования непосредственно включаются нормативные и процедурные технико-юридические средства (приемы), они позволяют
обеспечить совершенствование законодательства, необходимый уровень его социальной
эффективности. Повышение социальной эффективности уголовно-исполнительного права
неотделимо от идей и ценностей гуманизации исполнения уголовных наказаний. Укрепление
этой тенденции в совокупности с постепенным расширением предмета уголовно-исполнительного права создает необходимые предпосылки для формирования относительно новой
отрасли пенитенциарного права, обусловленной появлением либо обновлением редакции
уголовно-исполнительного кодекса либо принятием пенитенциарного кодекса. Формулируются конкретные предложения по совершенствованию как действующих правовых институтов, так и новых институтов, появление которых позволило бы обоснованно вести речь о пенитенциарном праве.
O presente trabalho objetiva abordar os cenários e riscos inerentes à segurança pública e à inteligência artificial, assim como iniciativas para controlá-los. Para tanto, elegemos como objetivos específicos: (i) demarcar as relações entre sociedade do conhecimento e sociedade da vigilância; (ii) as reações institucionais e políticas à sociedade de vigilância; (iii) propor premissas viabilizadoras de politicas de segurança pública democráticas para o uso de novas tecnologias com o uso de IA no âmbito da segurança pública. Pretendemos utilizar neste trabalho o método dedutivo, testando nossas hipóteses com os fundamentos que passam a ser declinados. Utilizaremos para tanto técnica de pesquisa com documentação indireta, nomeadamente bibliográfica.
Public law, Regulation of industry, trade, and commerce. Occupational law
Enforcement and management scholars alike expect that countries participating in an international agreement will more likely achieve predetermined targets than nonparticipating countries will. The management school ascribes this expected association to a constraining effect of the treaty; the enforcement school ascribes it to a screening effect. If the latter conjecture is correct, the association between participation and target achievement should significantly weaken (or even vanish) when controlling for targets' ambition level and other confounding factors. We test this hypothesis on a new dataset comprising three protocols under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Our results suggest that the positive association between participation and target achievement is robust to controlling for confounding factors; hence, our data suggests that these CLRTAP protocols have indeed constrained participating states.
Marcos César Botelho, Elimei Paleari do Amaral Camargo
Motivado pela adoção do Regulamento Geral sobre a Proteção de Dados pela União Europeia, o legislador brasileiro aprovou a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados, expressamente tornando a proteção de dados pessoais um direito fundamental e reconhecendo a existência de uma categoria de dados específica, denominada de dados pessoais sensíveis, cujo conceito abarca os dados relativos à saúde e que recebem tratamento específico desse diploma legal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar como a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados trata a proteção de dados relativos à saúde. Para tanto, utilizando método dedutivo e análise bibliográfica, o estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira foi exposto o conceito jurídico de dados trazido pela Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados, bem como a definição legal de dados sensíveis. Na segunda parte discutiu-se como essa lei trata os dados relativos à saúde. De modo geral, conclui-se que, com a entrada em vigor da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados, profissionais da saúde, clínicas médicas, hospitais e centros de saúde, entre outros, que realizarem tratamento de dados pessoais sensíveis relacionados à saúde deverão adotar medidas para adaptar tais atividades à legislação o mais brevemente possível, a fim de evitar sanções que podem ir desde a aplicação de multas pecuniárias até a proibição do uso de dados pessoais sensíveis.
Law, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
The article investigates the main features of state service in the law enforcement sphere and the place of state service in administrative and legal regulation mechanism. The goals of the work are as follows: to consider state service in the law enforcement sphere as a single legal category, to reveal its essence and characteristic features as a social system, to provide a scientific classification of its constituent elements and disclose their administrative and legal content. We highlight the following main functional features of those state bodies the service in which can be calledlaw enforcement activity:state and power-based nature of activity, exercising executive and administrative powers, special functional and target purpose, application of special measures of legal influence based on the use of persuasion and coercion methods, and a special legal status. We conclude that practical solution to the question of classifying state service in a particular state body as law enforcement activity may be found through legislative definition of the concept of law enforcement activity of the state, law enforcement functions of state authorities, and the system of state authorities exercising law enforcement functions.
Antonio Capobiano, Marcos Fabricio Povoa, Paulo Burnier da Silveira
A crise sanitária e econômica provocada pela pandemia do Coronavírus acende uma série de questões jurídicas, que incluem as relações trabalhistas, a proteção dos consumidores, a livre-concorrência, o acesso a dados pessoais para fins de monitoramento social, entre tantos outros. Esse artigo tem por objetivo lançar luz sobre os desafios e as perspectivas no campo da defesa da concorrência. Inicialmente, aborda-se o papel do Estado na economia. Em seguida, examina-se os aspectos concorrenciais, como a prática de price gouging, as colaborações entre concorrentes, a aquisição de concorrentes em dificuldades financeiras, bem como a importância de promover a concorrência em contratações públicas emergenciais. Por fim, encerra-se com considerações no plano consumerista e reflexões em vista de perspectivas futuras sobre o tema.
نزدیک به 60 سال از انعقاد و اجراییشدن معاهده جنوبگان میگذرد. قاره جنوبگان از جنبههای گوناگون دارای نظام حقوقی منحصربهفردی است. از نحوه ورود و عضویت دولتها به معاهده جنوبگان و بهطور کلی، سامانه معاهداتی جنوبگان گرفته، تا نظام حقوقی حفاظت از محیطزیست و موارد دیگر، همگی واجد شاخصهای منحصربهفردی هستند. در این میان به نظر میرسد یکی از مهمترین این موارد، بُعد امنیت نظام حقوقی جنوبگان باشد. چگونگی شکلگیری مقوله امنیت در این قاره و کیفیت نهادینهسازی آن در درون نظام حقوقی بینالمللی جنوبگان، موضوعی است که توجه دقیق و موشکافانه علمی را میطلبد. از نقطهنظر نگارنده این نوشتار، میتوان نظام حقوقی پیشگفته را بهویژه از بُعد امنیت آن، مینیاتوری از تحقق الگوی برتر حقوق بینالملل و پیدایش شکلی آرمانی از نظام حقوقی بینالمللی قلمداد کرد که در آن دولتها در پایبندی و تضمین پایبندی به التزامات بینالمللی (ازجمله) از طریق پیشبینی ضمانتهای اجرایی مؤثر مشارکت میکنند. ازاینرو، پرسشهایی همچون اینکه معاهده جنوبگان بهطور کلی و سامانه معاهداتی جنوبگان بهطور خاص، چه مقرراتی در حوزه امنیت این قاره پیشبینی و تدوین کردهاند و کارآیی و اثربخشی آن در جنوبگان به چه میزان بوده است و احتمالاً چه نقیصهها و ایراداتی در آن است که نیازمند جرح و تعدیل است، ازجمله مهمترین مباحثی است که در این نوشتار، طرح و بررسی و ارزیابی خواهند شد.
Márcio Gabriel Plastina Júnior, Leonardo José Peixoto Leal
As dificuldades econômicas e financeiras pelas quais passam as mais diversas empresas, em especial em tempos de crise, podem levá-las ao processo de Recuperação Judicial ou até mesmo o seu fim, por meio do processo falimentar. Ocorre que, justamente nesse período em que as empresas encontram-se fragilizadas é que se dá maior abertura ao processo de incorporação, sobretudo por suas concorrentes. Tal fato, gera o problema acerca do controle de mercado, violando diversos princípios e normas ligadas à Livre Concorrência. Questiona-se, portanto, qual a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) em tais processos de incorporação e fusão? Assim, analisar-se-ão os posicionamentos firmados pela Autarquia, por meio de decisões já existentes. Como metodologia, utiliza-se o estudo descritivo-analítico, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e documental. Por fim, conclui-se sugerindo a aplicação da Teoria Failing Company Defense para a resolução de processos da mesma natureza.
Defining the concept of crime is the starting point in the criminal
thought. Basically, any view taken on the concept of crime formulates the
other fundamental criminological concepts (such as the criminal and
etiology) as well as basic concepts of criminal policy system (such as justice,
criminalization and prevention). In the light of the foregoing, we attempt to
discuss the concept of the crime in the framework of two distinct paradigms
of modernism and postmodernism. That said, we argue that while the
modernist reading conceives the crime with the presumption of the objective
nature or inherent meaning, the postmodernist reading, on the contrary,
replaces this presumption with the subjective nature or acquired meaning. In
order to develop this thesis, the ideas of postmodernism will first be
introduced. Subsequently, a critique of the modernist view of the crime will
be offered. Eventually, a new definition of the crime from the perspective of
the constitutive criminology will be provided. Despite the above-said
importance, this analysis of the meaning of the crime has never been touched
upon in the Persian literature of criminology.
Abstract
Prohibition or restriction is necessary for large enterprises as legal safeguards for small businesses. It has been defined in the Act No. 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, which is also set out in Article 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 in which the state holds a national economy based on economic democracy. Article 33 paragraph (4) NRI 1945 Constitution states that: "The national economy shall be conducted in accordance with the principles of economic democracy, efficiency, justice, sustainability, environmental friendliness, independence, and balancing the economic progress and national unity".
Keywords : legal protection, small business, economic democracy
Abstrak
Larangan atau pembatasan bagi usaha besar diperlukan sebagai upaya perlindungan hukum bagi usaha kecil. Hal ini telah ditentukan dalam Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, yang mana juga ditetapkan dalam konstitusi Pasal 33 Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dimana negara memegang perekonomian nasional berdasarkan demokrasi ekonomi. Pasal 33 ayat (4) UUD NRI 1945 menyatakan bahwa : “Perekonomian nasional diselenggarakan berdasar atas demokrasi ekonomi dengan prinsip kebersamaan, efisiensi, berkeadilan, berkelanjutan, berwawasan lingkungan, kemandirian, serta dengan menjaga keseimbangan dengan kemajuan dan kesatuan ekonomi nasional”.
Kata Kunci : Perlindungan hukum, usaha kecil, demokrasi ekonomi
Si la autonomía territorial con que cuentan los entes locales para la “gestión de sus intereses” permite fundar, vía una cláusula general de competencia, las iniciativas económicas locales, esta fórmula aparece sujeta a los límites constitucionales y legales sobre las modalidades de intervención local, como lo sugiere el respeto de las normas nacionales en materia de competencia económica.
In criminal procedure, the cornerstone of the proceeding governing the establishment of crucial facts is the opportunity of the parties to present their arguments on the criminal matter at issue and to challenge the opponent’s arguments, which is the focal point of the adversity principle in criminal procedure. A criminal proceeding, which is legally regulated as a dispute involving parties with an equal procedural standing, is an optimal institutional setting for accomplishing the proclaimed purpose of the criminal procedure. It gives rise to the importance of the principle of adversity, which is not explicitly stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code but which is indisputably derived from the position of the adversaries in criminal procedure. Although the adversity principle is primarily put into effect in the course of the main hearing (trial proceedings), the elements of this principle may also be present in other stages of criminal procedure.
The basic condition for implementing the adversity principle is the normative framework where the criminal procedure is regulated as an adversarial procedure. In the contemporary criminal procedure, the monofunctionality principle is one of the basic features of both adversarial and continental criminal procedure which provides for exercising the adversity principle.
<p>An account of the premises on which the workshop that gave way to this volume was organized, with an overview of the development of the sessions. A review of the papers is included.<br /><br />Se explican las premisas a partir de las que se organizó el seminario que ha dado lugar a este volumen, ofreciendo una visión general del desarrollo de las sesiones. Asimismo, se incluye una reseña de los artículos incluidos en el mismo.</p><p><strong>DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN</strong>: <a href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=2115428" target="_blank">http://ssrn.com/abstract=2115428</a></p>
One of the asserted advantages and goals of the unification of substantive law lies in the prevention of ‘forum shopping’,1ie the lawyer's act of seeking the forum that is most beneficial to his client's interest.2This has been pointed out not only in discussions on unification of law in general,3but also in discussions on specific international uniform contract law conventions, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods4(hereinafter CISG),5the Geneva Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road6(hereinafter CMR)7and the UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring8(hereinafter IFC).9