Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

Ivana Carla Strapazzon, Marco Tulio Aniceto França, Gustavo Saraiva Frio

Uma das formas de um estudante receber dinheiro é por meio da mesada. Esse mecanismo representa uma forma de os pais premiarem os(as) filhos(as) por bom comportamento, permitindo que os jovens possam fazer a gestão do dinheiro para cobrir despesas extraordinárias ou, ainda, um presente livre de condições. Nesse contexto, o artigo estuda o efeito dessa ação por meio de diferentes modelos de pareamento: escore de propensão (Propensity Score Matching), Ponderação pelo Inverso da Probabilidade do Tratamento (IPTW), Balanceamento por Entropia e Distância de Mahalanobis associado à Regressão Ajustada (RA), chamada de duplamente robusta, sobre o letramento financeiro de jovens usando a base de dados do PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) 2018. Os resultados mostram que o ganho de mesada é benéfico para todos os jovens, quando ela é não condicionada, caracterizando-se como um presente, contribuindo para o aumento das notas no PISA, em especial para os meninos, e aumentando a diferença entre os gêneros em educação financeira. Além disso, a pesquisa demonstrou que, quando a mesada é condicionada, seu efeito se torna negativo, reduzindo as notas de finanças das meninas. Uma possível explicação é a menor disponibilidade de tempo para estudar, decorrente das atividades domésticas, o que contribui para a redução do desempenho em alfabetização financeira.

Xinmin Fang, Lingfeng Tao, Zhengxiong Li

The fundamental topology of manufacturing has not undergone a paradigm-level transformation since Henry Ford's moving assembly line in 1913. Every major innovation of the past century, from the Toyota Production System to Industry 4.0, has optimized within the Fordist paradigm without altering its structural logic: centralized mega-factories, located near labor pools, producing at scale. We argue that embodied intelligence is poised to break this century-long stasis, not by making existing factories more efficient, but by triggering phase transitions in manufacturing economic geography itself. When embodied AI capabilities cross critical thresholds in dexterity, generalization, reliability, and tactile-vision fusion, the consequences extend far beyond cost reduction: they restructure where factories are built, how supply chains are organized, and what constitutes viable production scale. We formalize this by defining a Capability Space C = (d, g, r, t) and showing that the site-selection objective function undergoes topological reorganization when capability vectors cross critical surfaces. Through three pathways, weight inversion, batch collapse, and human-infrastructure decoupling, we show that embodied intelligence enables demand-proximal micro-manufacturing, eliminates "manufacturing deserts," and reverses geographic concentration driven by labor arbitrage. We further introduce Machine Climate Advantage: once human workers are removed, optimal factory locations are determined by machine-optimal conditions (low humidity, high irradiance, thermal stability), factors orthogonal to traditional siting logic, creating a production geography with no historical precedent. This paper establishes Embodied Intelligence Economics, the study of how physical AI capability thresholds reshape the spatial and structural logic of production.

Bettina Schneider

This issue’s Lessons from Experience highlight the work of the 2024 Cando winners.

MIRON BIANCA ELENA , VÎLSAN ISABELLE-ANA-MARIA, SĂCUIU ANA-MARIA

In the context of an organizational environment marked by dynamism and intense competition, the professional development of employees has become a strategic priority for the business environment, playing an essential role in stimulating motivation and increasing performance. This paper analyzes how professional development programs influence employee motivation and contribute to organizational success through a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature. The study builds on several key theoretical foundations: Armstrong (2024) on human resource management, Noe (2021) on training and development, Deci and Ryan (2000) on self-determination theory, Locke and Latham (2002) on goal-setting theory, and Robbins and Judge (2019) on organizational behavior. To complete this theoretical framework, a bibliometric analysis was performed based on articles indexed in Scopus, using the VOSviewer software, focusing on the co-occurrence of keywords in existing research. This approach allows the identification of central concepts and the connections between them, providing an overview of how the relationship between professional development, motivation, and organizational performance is investigated. The expected results will highlight that professional development programs are a catalyst for intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, strengthening employee skills and supporting organizational performance. The paper contributes to understanding the importance of investing in human capital and provides a updated perspective on the role of development in creating a sustainable competitive advantage.

Robert J. Oppenheimer

The overall employment picture for the Indigenous population living off reserve was worse in 2024 than in 2023, and it was also worse in 2023 compared to 2022. They were also worse for non-Indigenous people in 2024, compared to 2023. Unemployment rates were higher, and employment and participation rates were lower. Employment, unemployment, and participation rates have been more favourable for the non-Indigenous population than for the Indigenous population. This has been the case in every year, except one, since 2007, which is the earliest that the data has been available. However, the educational level achieved is a critical factor. When educational levels are higher, unemployment rates are lower, and employment and participation rates are higher. Further, the participation rates for the Indigenous population were higher for each comparable education level than for the non-Indigenous population from 2007 through 2024, except for four years.

Penny Sanz, Mary Beth Doucette

Tharit Sereekiatdilok, Panupong Vichitkunakorn

The undirected edge geography is a two-player combinatorial game on an undirected rooted graph. The players alternatively perform a move consisting of choosing an edge incident to the root vertex, removing the chosen edge, and marking the other endpoint as a new root vertex. The first player who cannot perform a move is the loser. In this paper, we are interested in the undirected edge geography game on the grid graph $P_m\square P_n$. We completely determine whether the root vertex is a winning position (N-position) or a losing position (P-position). Moreover, we give a winning strategy for the winner.

PUȚAN ALINA , DREGHICIU ANDREEA ELENA

In order to highlight the relationship between the relevant valuation, the preparation of financial reports that reflect reality and the influence on decisions is based on the main objective pursued by the preparation of financial reports, that reflecting the true picture;the true picture can only be achieved under the conditions in which the elements of the entity are subjected to a relevant valuation process, respectively revaluation. Based on these reports, different categories of users make various decisions with impact, both at a microeconomic and macroeconomic level. The true picture of the financial position and performance achieved with fair value of all patrimonial elements allows investors to assess risk and decide on investment opportunities, as well as raising capital, the entity's managers can carry out strategic planning and set realistic and sustainable goals, creditors can determine the entity's ability to honor its obligations, increases the confidence of employees and business partners. Correct reporting ensures compliance with financial and tax regulations, preventing penalties or reputational losses.

TOMA SORIN-GEORGE

After the end of the Second World War, two opposing economic systems began to dominate the world economy: Western capitalism and Eastern communism. They were not only in an economic competition but also in a political, social and military competition. This bipolarity lasted until the Fall of the Berlin Wall when the liberal capitalism finally triumphed. On the one hand, the last decades were characterized by the rapid expansion of the economic globalization all over the world and the preservation of the long domination of the American economic superpower. On the other hand, the emergence and development of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) organization constitute an attempt to counterbalance the global institutions dominated by the Western countries. The paper aims to present and briefly analyse the gradual change of the world economic order in the beginning of the 21st century. To attain the goal of the paper, the author utilized a qualitative research method. To attain the goal of the paper, the author utilized a qualitative research method. The results of the study show that the old economic order that has governed the world economy since 1944 has been significantly deteriorated, especially in the last decades. This is why a new and more equitable economic order which should promote multilateralism is needed at the global scale.

Antonio Alfieri, Fraser Binns

In a recent note F. Lin showed that if a rational homology sphere $Y$ admits a taut foliation then the Heegaard Floer module $HF^-(Y)$ contains a copy of $\mathbf{F}[U]/U$ as a summand (arXiv:2309.01222). This implies that either the $L$-space conjecture is false or that Heegaard Floer homology satisfies a geography restriction. We verify that Lin's geography restriction holds for a wide class of rational homology spheres. Indeed, we show that the Heegaard Floer module $HF^-(Y)$ may satisfy a stronger geography restriction.

Laurent Meersseman

In this article, we describe the geography of the Teichmüller stack of \cite{LMStacks} and of one of its variants we introduce here, giving some answers to questions as: which points are orbifold points? What are the different local models of special points?... We give a rough description in the general case, and we use the compacity of the cycle spaces to get a much more detailed picture in the Kähler setting.

Amina BADREDDINE

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the environment in which the Algerian Start-ups have been confronted since their creation, together with the main actors and mechanisms made available to these groups. Besides, we have firstly provided definition to the conceptual framework of the Start-up in Algeria in terms of legal and economic regulations with everything pertaining to the labeling and creation of Start-ups. Afterwards, we dared to establish a diagnosis of the environment in which they evolve, throughout analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the main actors and mechanisms dedicated to Start-ups. In virtue of which, we noted the awareness of the Algerian public authorities of the limits of the existing mechanisms dedicated to promoting entrepreneurship in Algeria. As consequence, we advocated the need to adapt the regulatory framework by implementing specific tools for the creation and support of Start-ups, in respect such as incubation and acceleration structures along with the financing formulas and means that are better adapted to the increased needs of Start-ups.

Syarifah Farradinna, Nesi Syafitri, Icha Herawati et al.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing psychological readiness for entrepreneurship. A well-designed measurement of entrepreneurship psychological readiness can provide early warning to policymakers, in this case the government, and provide education and funding to prospective entrepreneurs who must not only be examined physically, but also psychologically. Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis, the validity and reliability of the Entrepreneurship Psychological Readiness (EPR) instrument were examined. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) found that the Entrepreneurship Psychological Readiness (EPR) instrument’s eight-factor model explained 57.44% of the variance among the items. To develop a fit model, it was necessary to exclude 26 items from the questionnaire, leaving 59 items left. The factors name identified by Personal Knowledge, Personal Adversity, Committed Certain Action, Willingness to Learn, Personal Relationship to Others, Personal Growth, Passion Achieved, and Related Person Support. All of the eight-factor models have excellent reliability of 0.96.

DOBRESCU MIHAELA EDITH

A special impact on the evolution of globalization was produced by the Covid-19 Pandemic that redefined priorities, limited the use of global value chains, discussed the safety of continuing economic activities and reduced the absolutization of profit maximization. The article presents the systemic changes in the world economy with a focus on the world market of lithium as a result of the manifestation of a global phenomena.

Kasimu Sendawula, Moses Kisame Kisubi, Shamirah Najjinda et al.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of entrepreneurial networking and innovation in fostering the performance of small businesses using evidence from Uganda. The study was cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey of 368 small businesses and analyzed through correlation, hierarchical regression, and mediation analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Study findings indicate that entrepreneurial networking and innovation are significant predictors of small business performance. Results also indicate that innovation partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and the performance of small businesses. As such, this study contributes to the extant literature on the performance of small businesses as it provides initial empirical evidence on the efficacy of entrepreneurial networking and innovation in fostering the performance of small businesses. It further contributes to the recent literature on the mediation effect of innovation using evidence from Uganda.

Simon Scheider, Harm Bartholomeus, Judith Verstegen

The recent success of large language models and AI chatbots such as ChatGPT in various knowledge domains has a severe impact on teaching and learning Geography and GIScience. The underlying revolution is often compared to the introduction of pocket calculators, suggesting analogous adaptations that prioritize higher-level skills over other learning content. However, using ChatGPT can be fraudulent because it threatens the validity of assessments. The success of such a strategy therefore rests on the assumption that lower-level learning goals are substitutable by AI, and supervision and assessments can be refocused on higher-level goals. Based on a preliminary survey on ChatGPT's quality in answering questions in Geography and GIScience, we demonstrate that this assumption might be fairly naive, and effective control in assessments and supervision is required.

K. Ghani, S. Rojanasarot, B. Cutone et al.

Aim: To examine the medical costs of simple versus complicated ureteral stent removal. Materials & methods: We included adults with kidney stones undergoing simple or complicated cystoscopy-based stent removal (CBSR) post ureteroscopy from the 2014 to 2018 Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial Database. The medical costs of patients with complicated and simple CBSR were compared. Results: Among 16,682 patients, 2.8% had complicated CBSR. Medical costs for patients with complicated CBSR were higher than for simple CBSR ($2182 [USD] vs $1162; p < 0.0001). Increased stenting time, increased age, southern US geography and encrusted stent diagnoses were significantly associated with complicated CBSR. Conclusion: Complicated ureteral stent removal doubled the medical costs associated with CBSR. Ureteral stents with anti-encrustation qualities may reduce the need for complicated CBSR and associated costs.

Kwaku Amofah, Ramon Saladrigues

Abstract In this paper, we investigate entrepreneurial intention by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by Ajzen (1991). We specifically examine the role of gender on entrepreneurial education and role models or parental self-employment (PSE), by carrying out a multi-group analysis (MGA). We used a web-based questionnaire to collect information from 216 students at a Spanish university. Data are analysed with the help of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)–Partial Least Square (PLS). We conducted a tripartite analysis on Complete, Male, and Female Models. Regarding the Complete and Male Models, all the primary hypotheses (5 in total) were accepted, compared with four for the Female Model. In this study, the primary hypotheses focus on the core variables of the TPB. We recommend the institutionalization of traineeship, elective courses, conference and workshops on entrepreneurship to boost the entrepreneurial spirit of students. Though this study has confirmed the applicability of the TPB model to entrepreneurial intention, we did not find a significant relationship between Males and Females about their entrepreneurial intentions for some relationships. However, this study suggests that the relationship between PSE and perceived behavioural control (PBC) is stronger for Males than Females Our results have implications for entrepreneurship education scholars, program evaluators, and policymakers.

Mina Rezaei, Patsy Eubanks Owens, Darnel Degand

Geography scholarship currently includes interdisciplinary approaches and theories and reflects shifts in research methodologies. Since the spatial turn in geographical thought and the emergence of geo-web technologies, geography scholarship has leaned more toward interdisciplinarity. In recent years geographical research methods have relied on various disciplines ranging from data science to arts and design. Literary geography and film geography are two subfields of geography that employ novels and films in exploring spatiality, respectively. In addition to geographical concepts, these courses include many aspects of relations in space, including human-human relations, human-environment relations, et cetera, which were barely addressed in traditional geography courses. However, a review of the employment of geoweb technologies in literary and film geography practices reveals that these practices have mostly remained limited to isolating geographical passages from novels or movies. This paper explores new opportunities for designing film and literary geography-based apps using a cartographical user-centered design framework.

R. Inanc Baykur, Mustafa Korkmaz, Jonathan Simone

We produce simply connected, minimal, symplectic Lefschetz fibrations realizing all the lattice points in the symplectic geography plane below the Noether line. This provides a symplectic extension of the classical works populating the complex geography plane with holomorphic Lefschetz fibrations. Our examples are obtained by rationally blowing down Lefschetz fibrations with clustered nodal fibers, the total spaces of which are potentially new homotopy elliptic surfaces. Similarly, clustering nodal fibers on higher genera Lefschetz fibrations on standard rational surfaces, we get rational blowdown configurations that yield new constructions of small symplectic exotic $4$-manifolds. We present an example of a construction of a minimal symplectic exotic $\mathbb{CP} \# 5\,\overline{\mathbb{CP}}$ through this procedure applied to a genus-$3$ fibration.