B a c k g r o u n d . The history of mankind is a history of warfare, during which the tools and procedures of warfare have been constantly improved. On the scale of human history, the history of modern mines is short, barely two centuries. Despite this relatively short period, landmines have become a global problem for humanity, causing long-lasting social, environmental, and economic consequences. Despite advances in scientific and technological progress, there is still no method that fully meets international mine action standards. In most cases, the development of related information technologies, in particular geographic information systems (GIS), has remained largely on the sidelines and auxiliary, although it is certainly promising. M e t h o d s . General scientific and specialized research methods were employed. The semantic approach was used to clarify the concept and subject area of GIS. The historical approach examined the stages of GIS development and their periodization. The definition method identified the subject area of GIS applications in humanitarian demining. The analysis and evolutionary approach explored examples of GIS applications at different stages of humanitarian demining and their improvements alongside the development of GIS and related technologies. Geographic information technologies for spatial analysis and modelling were applied to solve practical problems of humanitarian demining at various stages. Finally, induction and analysis were used to draw conclusions about the current state, trends, and prospects of GIS applications in humanitarian demining. R e s u l t s . Examples of the application of GIS solutions and spatial analysis methods at different stages of humanitarian demining are presented. The impact of GIS innovations on humanitarian demining is highlighted. The current state of GIS applications in humanitarian demining and prospects for further development are also discussed. C o n c l u s i o n s . GIS has become an effective and reliable tool for ensuring comprehensive information provision with relevant spatial data at all stages of humanitarian demining. The initial use of GIS was primarily focused on assisting with non-technical surveys. The current stage of development is characterized by an active search for spatial methods to analyze geodata obtained from UAVs and remote sensing for technical surveys. The development of spatial data infrastructures and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods with GIS analytical functions appear particularly promising.
Norma González Ruda, Ibette Alfonso Pérez, Raquel Bermúdez Morris
La orientación educativa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación superior puede coadyuvar al cumplimiento de las exigencias en la formación de profesionales en el siglo XXI. No obstante, este espacio no constituye aún, un ámbito privilegiado para programar acciones de orientación educativa, los profesores no cuentan con una guía para realizar esta labor. El objetivo del trabajo se centra en reflexionar sobre los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos para realizar la orientación educativa en el PEA de la educación superior. Para estudiar este particular se desarrolló una investigación que permitió la revisión, interpretación y contrastación de diversas fuentes bibliográficas mediante los métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo. Estos métodos permitieron el análisis de la información obtenida y la elaboración de síntesis conclusivas en el plano teórico. Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los modelos estudiados evidencian que la orientación educativa debe ser realizada por un personal especializado o que ha sido preparado para cumplir con esta labor. Aunque se reconoce en los modelos más actuales al profesor como agente orientador, no quedan esclarecidos los fundamentos teórico-metodológicos para la orientación que debe realizar este agente educativo en el PEA de la educación superior. Se hace necesario entonces, integrar los fundamentos que aportan los modelos de orientación educativa con los fundamentos de la Didáctica, de manera que se ofrezca una base conceptual y metodológica para la orientación educativa en el PEA de la educación superior.
In this article, views on the history of the study of units related to the auxiliary group in world and Uzbek linguistics are analyzed, and the compounds included in the scope of this group, taken as the object of research, have been studied since the earliest times.
The publication includes the letters by O. M. Medushevskaya to V. K. Yatsunskiy written in 1956–1966. They are of interest to the study of the beginning of O. М. Medushevskaya’s research path, which is associated with historical geography and the history of geographical knowledge. The letters’ main themes are — the work of O. M. Medushevskaya at the Department of Auxiliary Historical Disciplines of the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives, preparation for publication of the lectures on the 17th—19th centuries maps, consultation of E. G. Istomina (Gelman) on the topic of the candidate dissertation (about the historical geography of the Novgorod province in the 18th century). These published sources are of particular interest for studying intergenerational communication between V. K. Yatsunskiy and O. M. Medushevskaya, the relationship between the teacher and the student. The letters were found in the personal fund of V. K. Yatsunskiy in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In traditional Korea, The Primer for Children (Dongmong seonseup 童蒙先習) was a basic textbook studied in Confucian schools. It introduced students to the basics of Confucian ethics and to the main events of the history of China and Korea. The text is composed in literary Chinese and marked with Korean auxiliary verbs and affixes written in Chinese characters using the gugyeol method. The Korean Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) includes a xylographic edition of this textbook (C 64), which was printed in the year gyechuk 癸丑 (1793 or 1853) and entered the funds of the IOM, RAS, as part of the collection of Academician M.F. Brosset (1802–1880). The paper contains the first partial Russian translation of this textbook presenting the outline of the history of Korea from ancient times to the mid-16th century. The translation is accompanied with a commentary and a brief preface.
The article studies local history publications on wood-burning monuments in Uzbekistan and Central Asia. It also studies the typology of publications for the general intended and reader purposes and determines their place in the personal scientific and auxiliary index for scientific publications in the form of book and article by one of the major experts in the history and archeology of the Central Asian region, an academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, doctor of historical sciences, professor Edward Vasilyevich Rtveladze.The activities of publishing houses of the Republic in publishing historical literature for scientists and a wide range of readers are also studied.
Based on historiographical sources and documentation (from Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and Central State Archive of the City of Moscow), this article analyzes the dissertation history ofV. K. Yatsunskiy (1893-1966) that was ended in 1950 with the defense of the doctoral dissertation “Historical Geography. The history of its development in the 14th-18th centuries”. The relevance of the paper is related, firstly, to the interest in the researches on dissertation culture, the problem of continuity/rupture of Russian (pre-revolutionary) and Soviet historical science. Secondly, taking into account the transformation of the status of historical geography (for example, in historiography it is increasingly considered not only as an auxiliary historical discipline, but also as independent (sub)discipline, interdisciplinary / multidisciplinary branch of knowledge, etc.), this paper also allows us to investigate more deeply the stages of its development. The author considers the formation ofV. K. Yatsunskiy's interest in historical geography, as well as the circumstances of the work on the research. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of the doctoral dissertation by official opponents: S. V. Bakhrushin (1882- 1950), T. I. Raynov (1890-1958), V. F. Semyonov (1896-1973) and L. V. Cherepnin (1905-1977). In particular, the article analyzes (through written reviews and the transcript of the dissertation defense) the perception of not onlyV. K. Yatsunsky's dissertation, but also his professional qualities, which contributed to the work on the research.
The aim of this research is to study the development as well as the known cases of military applications of laser technologies – from the first lasers employed in auxiliary systems to modern complex independent laser systems. For better understanding and systematization of knowledge about development of historical applications in the military field, an analysis of publicly known knowledge about their historical applications in the leading world countries was conducted. The study focuses on development that was carried out by the superpowers of the Cold War and the present era, namely the United States, the Soviet Union and the Peoples Republic of China, and were built in metal. Multiple avenues of various applications of laser technology in military applications were studied, namely: military laser rangefinders; ground and aviation target designators; precision ammunition guidance systems; non-lethal anti-personnel systems; systems, designed to disable optoelectronics of military vehicles; as well as strategic and tactical anti-air and missile defense systems. To summarize and compare the results, an analysis of a number of previous works was considered, which considered the historical development, prospects and problems of the laser weaponry development. The issues of ethical use of laser weapons and the risks of their use in armed conflicts, which led to an international consensus in the form of conventions of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, were also considered. As a result of the analysis, a systematic approach to the classification of applications of laser technology in military products by three main areas of development was proposed: ancillary applications, non-lethal direct action on the human body and optical devices of military equipment, and anti-aircraft and anti-missile defensive systems. Due to the constant comprehensive modernization of laser technology systems in use, it was decided not to use the periodic classification model, but to indicate important and key events that indicated the main directions of further developmental work. However, it is important to note that the main focus of historical development of laser weapons depended not only on the technological limitations of the time, but also on the military-geopolitical situation in the world.
The importance of sources related to the history of the Turkish Empire is reflected as a topical issue from today’s point of view. Ancient sources are very important in identifying the sources directly related to the Turkish khanate and determining the level of reliability of the information, in which ethno-political process they were created. Because on this basis, the primary and auxiliary sources of the history of the Khanate are determined, and the extent to which the information is related to real realities is expressed. The article focuses on the comparative analysis of historical sources related to the Turkish khanate. And through this, the foundations, management procedures and history of Turkish statehood are gradually analysed.
A new eyedrop cachet was discovered during the excavation of the aquatic complex of Reims by Inrap in 2018. It presents exceptional morphological and epigraphic features. Like the majority of the other 365 eyedrop cachets recorded to date, this one is a rectangular parallelepiped with a square cross-section, cut from shiny grey-green rock –most likely fine-grained greywacke– the edges of which have been chamfered on the two largest sides. Its texts are particularly interesting in regards to the history of medicine. Firstly, the use of the following terms for eye drops: diamys(us), croco(des) and euodes, confirm the inclusion of Roman medicine in the Greek therapeutic tradition. Secondly, these inscriptions also reveal the name of a new practitioner: Lucius Iulius Verus. Finally, the inscriptions also include a new term for eye drops: uamomatum. The reuse of the chamfered edges for the imprint of a new practitioner’s name is, to this day, without equivalent. The discovery of Lucius Iulius Verus’ eyedrop cachet confirms the incomparable role of Reims/Durocortorum in the history of Greco-Roman ophthalmology. To date, this eye-drop cachet is the fifteenth to be unearthed from the subsoil of Reims and was found less than 300 m from the C(aius) Censori(us) Verus stone. If this placement is not fortuitous, two practitioners bearing the same cognomen is a coincidence attesting to a professional filiation that is all the more fascinating, as it is entirely unique.
Using the example of the Kursk province, the article examines the main methods of government work with persons with dubious «political reliability», «potential» and «real» political criminals in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. This paper examines the types (investigative, judicial and administrative) of police supervision. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the public and secret (secret) modes of police surveillance. During the period under review, persons who, by their behavior, gave any reason for distrust (in political terms) were subject to secret (secret) supervision. Persons whose «political unreliability» was established «officially» were subordinated to public police supervision, but the decision of the authorities recognized that stricter measures of state coercion could not be applied to these persons to correct them. The study also provides grounds for establishing supervision over persons with questionable «political reliability», describes the mechanisms of interaction between different departments of the Kursk province that monitor the political situation in the region, the activities of «potential», «real» political criminals. At the end of the study, conclusions were drawn about the role of police surveillance (both public and secret) in the system of punitive and protective measures.
Archaeology, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
In the 50’s of the XIX century Peter Lavrovskyi (1827–1886), a prominent Slavic philologist and educator, published a number of works on the ancient Russian (Proto-East Slavic) language and its dialects. Among these studies, which have retained their scientific significance to our time, the book «On the language of northern Russian chronicles» (1852) should be mentioned, in which P. Lavrovskyi, basing on ancient East Slavic manuscripts, studied in detail the nature, origin and history of reduced vowels [ъ], [ь] on the East Slavic territory. Ancient manuscripts were a priority source for the study of the reduced for P. Lavrovskyi: chronicles, deeds, treaties, acts. At the same time, the scientist used the material of his contemporary Slavic languages, primarily East Slavic, as an auxiliary source Key words: P. Lavrovskyi, ancient manuscripts, chronicles, reduced vowels, decline of the reduced vowels, the Common Slavonic language, the Old Russian language, the Eastern Slavonic languages.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with derangement of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion and action, or both. DM, especially type-2 DM, is a serious general medical issue which has arrived at scourge extents because of the quickly expanding paces of this ailment around the world. Target organ confusions, auxiliary to diabetes, are one of the most significant restorative worries of right now. The main findings of our research were no significant differences in baseline characteristics like age and height of both groups. Weight, BMI and waist hip ratio was significantly high in cases. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product were significantly high in Cases individuals; however, no significant difference was noticed in pulse pressure (PP). Significantly higher body fat and visceral fat %, lower levels of cardio respiratory fitness assess by cooper 12min run test and significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) was observed in cases.
The study of city history requires auxiliary science to explain socio-economic phenomena. One of the essential auxiliary sciences is Geography. This article aims to describe a theoretical analysis of economic geography concepts and theories that can be used to analyze historical phenomena that discuss space as a factor in social phenomena. The research method used is a literature study based on relevant scientific books and journals. The results show that the theory and concept of geography can clarify historical researchers in discussing urban spatial phenomena related to various aspects of social phenomena, primarily the phenomenon of economic development. The images of the geographic theory that can be used are the theory of transportation networks, linkage theory, network theory or “networks,” and agglomeration theory. Through theoretical clarity, one can understand social phenomena in historical situations at a certain period more clearly than narrative studies based solely on historical sources. Kajian sejarah kota memerlukan ilmu bantu untuk menjelaskan fenomena fenomena sosial-ekonomi. Salah satu ilmu bantu penting adalah Geografi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kajian teoretik konsep dan teori Geografi ekonomi yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis fenomena sejarah yang membahas keruangan sebagai faktor fenomena sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan mendasarkan pada buku dan jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa teori dan konsep Geografi dapat memperjelas peneliti sejarah dalam membahas fenomena keruangan kota yang terkait dengan berbagai aspek fenomena sosial, terutama fenomena perkembangan ekonomi. Konsep dari teori geografi yang dapat digunakan adalah teori tentang jaringan transportasi, teore linkage, teori jaringan atau “networks’, dan teori aglomerasi. Melalu kejelasan teoretik maka fenomena sosial dalam situasi sejarah pada periode tertentu dapat dipahami lebih jelas dibandingkan dengan kajian naratif semata yang mendasarkan pada sumber-sumber sejarah. Cite this article: Hartatik, E.S. (2022). The Use of Economic Geography Theory in the Study of City History, a Methodological Thinking. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(2), 191-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i2.35611
It was clarified that there was established a correspondence between academic Ivan Krypiakevych and the famous Russian and Ukrainian historian, numismatist Ivan Spaskyi in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In one of these letters (in March 1962) I. Krypiakevych mentioned the difficult situation with specialists in numismatics in Lviv. This article finds out what led to this state of affairs. We emphasized that Lviv has been one of the centers for the development of special (auxiliary) historical disciplines, including numismatics, both in Ukraine and in Eastern Europe from the end of the 18th century. At the same time, there were formed a few large numismatic collections in the city. It was confirmed that further development of special (auxiliary) historical disciplines in Lviv took place at the Institute of Auxiliary Historical Sciences of Lviv University and in the museums of the city. There was organized in 1925 the Union of Lviv Numismatists, which published several issues. It was stated that at the same time, there was not formed a permanent system of training relevant specialists in Lviv due to a number of subjective and objective reasons. The rather closed and conservative system of university training of future historians was largely tied to the figures and scientific interests of the heads of the Departments and Institutes. It was indicated that at that time Ukrainian scholars, especially humanitarians, found themselves in a difficult position. It was clarified that as a result, the number of people who really knew about coins or banknotes, could work with them, and, importantly, be engaged in scientific work, was quite small. It was investigated that the establishment of Soviet power in Lviv in the autumn of 1939 led to a radical reform of all spheres of life of the local population, including educational and cultural. As a result of the ill-considered reorganization of the system of museum institutions in the city, the work of several previous generations of Lviv museum workers was actually destroyed, and irreparable damage to the funds these institutions was caused. Some Lviv researchers of special (auxiliary) historical disciplines have become victims of the German regime or left the city in 1944–1946. It was found that all these circumstances affected the balance of scientific forces in the city, capable of solving problems by developing special (auxiliary) historical disciplines. It was emphasized that I.‑Yu. Shpytkovskyi resumed teaching numismatics at Lviv University only in the 1950s. However, he failed to train new specialists in this discipline. It was clarified that several numismatic works had been prepared by the scientific staff of the Lviv State Historical Museum (I. Zayats, I. Sveshnikov), but these studies have not been published at that time. We made a conclusion that all this indicates that I. Krypiakevych was not wrong in his assessment of the state of development of numismatics in Lviv in the early 1960s.
1 Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey (Wuhan Institute of Geology & Mineral Resources), Wuhan, China 2 Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; *Corresponding author, E-mail: svends@snm.ku.dk 3 Institute of Geology, Free University of Berlin, Germany 4 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via S. Maria 53, I-56126 Pisa, Italy 5 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China 6 AO ‘Geologorazvedka’. Fayansovaya Stra 20, building 2, lti. A, St-Petersburg, 192019, Russia
The aim of our paper is to present the Hebrew sources – those written in Hebrew letters in Hebrew, Aramaic, Yiddish, and Judeo-Spanish (Ladino, or Djudezmo) concerned with the history of the Jews of Romania and with Romanian history. These sources are important for researching the history of the Jewish communities, being internal sources, as opposed to other sources that describe the Jewish community from outside. We shall try to answer to some questions. What are the main historical sources in the above-mentioned languages? How may these sources be classified? How can they be used and in which historical fields? Other questions refer to the methodology and to the auxiliary sciences of the history than to the history itself.
Review of the 32th International Scientific Conference “Auxiliary Historical Disciplines in the Humanities”, held on 11 to 12 April 2019 at the Institute for World History at the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Institute for History and Archives at the Russian State University for the Humanities.