Hilma de Oliveira Santos Ferreira, Elton Cristovão da Silva Lima, Amilton José Vieira de Arruda
This paper investigates bio-inspired thermochromic properties with potential applications in sustainable construction, drawing on the biological systems of plant leaves and flowers. It explores concepts related to natural thermochromic responses and biological modulation processes based on chromatophores, structures, and pigmentation that influence the absorption of light and heat. The analysis integrates principles of biomimetics, architecture, and materials science, assessing the potential of bio-inspired strategies for optimising energy efficiency in buildings. By examining the natural thermal regulation mechanisms found in plants, the study identifies possibilities for adapting these systems to the built environment. The research highlights how biological principles can underpin sustainable architectural solutions, contributing to reduced energy consumption and environmental impact. This work underscores the importance of biomimetics as an innovative tool to integrate functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability, driving advancements in the construction sector and forging connections between intelligent design and natural processes.
This paper elucidates an approach that utilizes generative AI to develop alternative architectural design options based on local identity. The advancement of AI technologies has increasingly piqued the interest of the AEC-FM (architecture, engineering, construction and facility management) industry. Notably, the topic of ‘visualization’ has gained prominence as a means for enhancing communication related to a project, especially in the early phases of design. This study aims to enhance the ease of obtaining design images during initial phases of design by drawing from multiple texts and images. It develops an additional training model to generate various design alternatives that resonate with the identity of the locale through the application of generative AI to the façade design of buildings. The identity of a locality in cities and regions is the capacity for the cities and regions to be identified and recognized as a specific area. Among the various visual elements of urban and regional landscapes, the front face of buildings may play a significant role in people's aesthetic perception and overall impression of the local environment. The research proposes an approach that transcends the conventional employment of three-dimensional modeling and rendering tools by readily deriving design alternatives that consider this local identity in commercial building remodeling. This approach allows for financial and temporal efficiency in the design communication phase of the initial architectural design process. The implementation and utilization of the proposed approach's supplementary training model in this study proceeds as follows: 1) image data are collected from the target area using open-source street-view resources and preprocessed for conversion to a trainable format; 2) textual data are prepared for pairing with preprocessed image data; 3) additional training and outcome testing are performed using varied text prompts and images; 4) the ability to generate building façade images that reflect the identity of the collected locale by using the additional trained model is determined, as evidenced by the findings of the proposed application method study. This enables the generation of design alternatives that integrate regional styles and diverse design requirements for buildings. The training model implemented in this study can be leveraged through weight adjustments and prompt engineering to generate a greater number of design reference images, among other diverse approaches.
This article examines the pedagogical transformations emerging in architectural education through a conceptual and critical perspective focused on human–AI co-creativity. Co-creativity specifically refers to collaborations between human designers and artificial intelligence, in contrast to broader notions of collaborative creativity. The paper argues that AI functions not merely as a technical instrument, but as a co-creative partner that reshapes studio culture, authorship, and creative work. Drawing on selected studio-based cases, the study explores how AI-supported workflows influence ideation, representation, critique culture, prompt literacy, and ethical reasoning. Thematically, it engages with concepts such as cognitive augmentation and conceptual ambiguity to demonstrate how design pedagogy is evolving in response to intelligent systems. Rather than viewing AI as a generative tool alone, the article positions it as an epistemic and ethical agent that prompts a rethinking of studio environments as cultural and pedagogical spaces. Methodologically, the study adopts a case-based approach, analysing selected 16 design studios in which AI was integrated into early-stage ideation, feedback sessions, and conceptual development. These cases extent strategies from prompt-driven speculation to hybrid critique practices, revealing a dynamic landscape of experimentation and adaptation. The findings suggest that AI can foster deeper conceptual inquiry, student reflection, and new modalities of authorship and collaboration. Eventually, the study underscores the need for reflexive pedagogical frameworks that integrate AI meaningfully enhancing, rather than displacing, human creativity.
In a context marked by worsening climatic, ecological and social crises, this article offers a critical reading of the modern infrastructural paradigm, through the study of hydraulic infrastructure in India, and more specifically in the state of Rajasthan. Using an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of anthropology, geography and architectural theory, the author examines the political, ontological and spatial imaginaries that underpin contemporary infrastructure. The article highlights the social and environmental consequences of the centralised, extractive hydraulic planning inherited from the colonial period and intensified after independence. Through the analysis of vernacular forms such as the johads and the Chand Baori, the article explores devices co-produced with the dynamics of the living, embodying a non-dual relationship between humans, territory and environments. Drawing on the work of Philippe Descola, Antoine Picon, Vandana Shiva and Bruno Latour, the author calls for an epistemological and aesthetic rethinking of infrastructural design. She proposes that infrastructure should no longer be seen as autonomous technical objects, but as situated cultural mediations capable of supporting an ecology of interdependence.
Samodra F.X. Teddy Badai, Tyas Kirana Ning, Nam Juhee
Architecture can respond to temporary phenomena, such as the Eid al-Fitr exodus, through an experience-based spatial approach. This study examines how bus sounds, as a key marker of mass movement during the exodus, can be architecturally processed using a vibration-based sensory system. Drawing on Plowright's conceptual method, the design explores a dynamic soundscape that integrates the moment and the atmosphere of space. The system comprises a special bumper that generates vibrations as the bus passes, a piezoelectric microphone that captures these vibrations, and a sound-reflective fabric that directs the resonance toward the microphone. The resulting sound is then channeled to loudspeakers at strategic transit points. This concept is applied to the context of a shadow terminal, an informal transit space active only during the exodus season. The results demonstrate that integrating sound into site elements can enhance spatial perception and create a more adaptive spatial experience that is responsive to time and context. Thus, bus sounds are not only recorded but also re-curated as atmospheric triggers in a temporary architectural landscape.
The religious topography of German cities diversifies in terms of both the social spaces of faith and the built presence of religions and denominations. This challenges established Christian congregations to preserve architectural places and Christian spaces while simultaneously advancing interreligious interaction with the city and society. This paper summarises and discusses insight from a recently completed research project. By synthesising quantitative and qualitative data, it analysed churches that have undergone architectural or functional changes over the last decades. Cases range from interior design changes to the abandonment and even demolition of buildings. We found a wide variety of approaches to balancing the spatial and social needs of congregations. The paper presents four cases of re-ordering parish functions, both spatially and architecturally. The communities all face the challenge of maintaining post-war structures on the one hand, and declining funding and participation in church service, on the other. The different solutions chosen allow for discussion of the role of parish centres beyond architectural questions alone, considering the broader picture of urban space and social networks.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
“Could it be that theory in and of architecture could take up residence in territories that are perforce ill-defined and indeterminate?” David Leatherbarrow, “Foreword,” in The Contested Territory of Architectural Theory, edited by Elie G. Haddad (Routledge, 2023), xxii. This essay charts the implementation of an affective drawing practice, with the aim of registering and gaining greater insight into the premise that a dialogue, or ‘correspondence’, exists between building and occupant. Working within the domains of intuition, unknowing and affect these works employ analogue and digital strategies – drawings-on-glass, writing, scanning, projecting, and filmic sketches – to determine the ineffable, abstract qualities and traces of previous occupancies that could be crucial to the locus of a specific place. Through these studies, we begin to re-witness echoes of actions and habitual patterns of movement around and through a former joinery workshop. The act of casually cleaning a paintbrush is revealed by paint on the timber-lapped walls, a gentle curve deeply worn into a stone threshold sculpted over time shows where so many feet have passed. The transient daylight, and the enfolding darkness of night, are subtlety registered and find potential in the abstract marks of architectural representations. Speculative enquiries begin to unfold, and in so doing they reveal unchartered territories and unforeseen possibilities, proposing new perceptions of being and meaning within this utilitarian and modest space. Read the full article online at: https://drawingon.org/Issue-04-01-Affective-Drawing
The exceptional architecture designed by master architects is a shared treasure of humanity, which embodies their design skills and concepts not possessed by common architectural designers. To help ordinary designers improve the design quality, we propose a new artificial intelligence (AI) method for generative architectural design, which generates designs with specified styles and master architect quality through a diffusion model based on textual prompts of the design requirements. Compared to conventional methods dependent on heavy intellectual labor for innovative design and drawing, the proposed method substantially enhances the creativity and efficiency of the design process. It overcomes the problem of specified style difficulties in generating high-quality designs in traditional diffusion models. The research results indicated that: (1) the proposed method efficiently provides designers with diverse architectural designs; (2) new designs upon easily altered text prompts; (3) high scalability for designers to fine-tune it for applications in other design domains; and (4) an optimized architectural design workflow.
Toda intervención en el patrimonio arquitectónico precisa de un levantamiento de planos completo y riguroso sobre el que se puedan representar los materiales empleados en la construcción y las lesiones que afectan al edificio. Sobre esa misma planimetría será posible la posterior realización de diversos análisis. Tradicionalmente estos levantamientos han sido realizados mediante métodos de medición directa sobre croquis. Desde hace unos años, el escáner láser 3D y la fotogrametría se están imponiendo como métodos fiables y eficientes para la toma de datos. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, estos métodos pueden resultar poco eficientes cuando la arquitectura es extremadamente compleja, con espacios pequeños y muy compartimentados, produciéndose múltiples áreas ciegas a las que el rayo láser no tiene acceso. En estos casos puede resultar de gran utilidad realizar el levantamiento de planos mediante la combinación de ambas metodologías. La propuesta metodológica híbrida ha sido ensayada sobre uno de los edificios más significativos y visitados de la ciudad de Valencia: La Llotgeta del Mercado Central de Valencia.
This paper discusses the role of the conceptual framework in design-led research. Identifying the conceptual framework as the consolidation of an interdisciplinary positioning merging historical, theoretical and technological, creates a platform from which a research project can contribute new theories and solutions. Taking its point of departure in a series of design-led PhDs undertaken at the Centre for Information Technology and Architecture (CITA) at the Royal Danish Academy - Architecture, Design, Conservation, the three discussed PhDs demonstrate how design is used as a driver for material-technological as well as conceptual-spatial contributions. One of the PhDs (Karen Honour’s) conceptual framework is further illuminated through the generation of a conceptual Wunderkammer which activates driving concepts within a tradition of knowledge acquisition, reflection and dissemination. This paper argues that the construction of a conceptual framework empowers the specifics of a design experiment to provide novel contributions to the field of architecture and design.
This paper examines, conceptually, the relationship between stress-inducing architectural features and allostatic overload by drawing on literature from neuroimmunology and neuroarchitecture. The studies reviewed from the field of neuroimmunology indicate that chronic or repeated exposure to stress-inducing events may overwhelm the body’s regulatory system, resulting in a process termed allostatic overload. While there is evidence from the field of neuroarchitecture that short-term exposure to particular architectural features produce acute stress responses, there is yet to be a study on the relationship between stress-inducing architectural features and allostatic load. This paper considers how to design such a study by reviewing the two primary methods used to measure allostatic overload: biomarkers and clinimetrics. Of particular interest is the observation that the clinical biomarkers used to measure stress in neuroarchitectural studies differ substantially from those used to measure allostatic load. Therefore, the paper concludes that while the observed stress responses to particular architectural forms may indicate allostatic activity, further research is needed to determine whether these stress responses are leading to allostatic overload. Consequently, a discrete longitudinal public health study is advised, one which engages the clinical biomarkers indicative of allostatic activity and incorporates contextual data using a clinimetric approach.
The present paper highlights the results of pedagogical research conducted at the Architectural Department in the Kamianets-Podilskyi Professional College of Construction, Architecture and Design. The study considers the vocational pre-higher education students’ perceptions of various graphic works in drawing and descriptive geometry in the context of graphic work features, and understanding the significance of drawing works for the formation of a future specialist in the construction industry. Students were suggested to fill in the forms with a list of the curriculum topics and give grades according to three criteria: usefulness for the future profession, the complexity of the graphic work and the engagement in performing the task.Research results provide problem-solving solutions related to teaching methodology of such disciplines as "Technical Drawings", "Drawings and Basics of Descriptive Geometry" and "Descriptive geometry".Based on research findings, the recommendations concerning teaching and increasing interest in educational material can be made. It has been found that certain topics do not arouse much interest in students, so we recommend improving students' motivation in the classroom by employing engaging tasks, taking into account the peculiarities of perception and attention when studying these topics. The topics that are difficult to master according to students' responses require more hours for studying, and the topics that students consider least useful should be reviewed, reformatted, or even excluded from the program.
Makbule Berfin Büker, Emre Pınar, Kemal Sakarya
et al.
Yer kabuğunun kırılması veya kayması sonucu ortaya çıkan enerjinin dalgalar halinde yayılmasıyla oluşan depremler, can ve mal kaybına, yaralanmalara, yapı hasarına neden olabilmektedir. Deprem zararlarının analizinde, yapısal ve yapısal olmayan faktörler ayrımı yapılmaktadır. Binaların temel, kolon, kiriş, döşeme gibi temel yapısal elemanların depreme dayanıklılığının hayati önem taşıdığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte yapısal elemanlar haricinde iç mekânlarda kullanılan her türlü hareketli ve hareketsiz donatının da deprem esnasında ve sonrasında en az yapısal elamanlar kadar önemli olabileceği gerçeği göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, deprem sürecinde yapısal olmayan elemanların oluşturduğu risk ve tehlikeleri inceleyerek, deprem ve mobilya ilişkisini ortaya koymak, mobilyalarda depreme karşı güvenlik sağlama yöntemlerini örneklerle açıklamak ve elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda deprem sırasında ve sonrasında güvenli bir sığınma alanı oluşturulacak bir mobilya tasarım önerisi geliştirmektir.
This thesis is partly an attempt to explore the potential of pre-modern Chinese painting, on its distinctive formats and schemes to achieve spatial depth and time duration, as a way to interpret and design architecture. By a survey on changing modes of Chinese traditional landscape and cityscape paintings in different scales, the poetic language of painting will be gradually explored. Beyond pictorial techniques, language is concerned with an ideological level of understanding and experience. Thus, it signposts a wider significance of architectural representation – as a verbal medium to express narrative and critic semantics besides visual effects. In this thesis, we will also see how traditional painting remains a base in the ideating process of several contemporary Chinese architects, so to avoid a mere uncritical imitation of international models. A subtle fusion of contemporaneity with cultural identity afforded by the presence of taken concepts from traditional painting, allows this architecture to increase its meaning and dimension. Lastly, understanding such processes of ideation can possibly provide us assistance in the intuitive formulation of ways to enrich Western architecture. Particularly, establishing poetic connections to our cultural traditions can be a useful strategy to prevent Western architecture's frequent falls into empty excesses of utilitarianism, iconicism or simple banality. Esta tesis en parte intenta explorar la capacidad de la pintura china pre-moderna en sus peculiares formatos y esquemas para lograr expresar la profundidad del espacio y la duración del tiempo, como una manera de interpretar y diseñar arquitectura contemporánea. Mediante un estudio de la pintura tradicional de temática paisajística y urbana, y a diferentes escalas, se analizará el lenguaje poético de la pintura china. Más allá de las técnicas pictóricas, este lenguaje se sitúa en un nivel ideológico de comprensión y experiencia; expresa, por tanto, una gama de significados más amplia que la mera representación arquitectónica, actúa como lo haría un medio verbal para expresar una semántica de tipo crítico y narrativo, además de los consiguientes efectos visuales. En esta tesis, también veremos cómo la pintura tradicional sigue siendo la base del proceso de creación de ideas de varios arquitectos chinos contemporáneos para evitar así una mera imitación acrítica de modelos internacionales. Una fusión sutil de la contemporaneidad con la identidad cultural proporcionada por la presencia de conceptos de la pintura tradicional permite a esta arquitectura ganar nuevas capas de significado y dimensión. Por último, comprender tales procesos de ideación puede brindarnos ayuda en la formulación intuitiva de formas de enriquecer la arquitectura occidental. En particular, establecer conexiones poéticas con nuestras tradiciones culturales puede ser una estrategia útil para prevenir las frecuentes caídas de la arquitectura occidental en los excesos vacíos del utilitarismo, el iconicismo o la simple banalidad.
Carla Binucci, Aaron Büngener, Giuseppe Di Battista
et al.
The study of nonplanar drawings of graphs with restricted crossing configurations is a well-established topic in graph drawing, often referred to as beyond-planar graph drawing. One of the most studied types of drawings in this area are the $k$-planar drawings $(k \geq 1)$, where each edge cannot cross more than $k$ times. We generalize $k$-planar drawings, by introducing the new family of min-$k$-planar drawings. In a min-$k$-planar drawing edges can cross an arbitrary number of times, but for any two crossing edges, one of the two must have no more than $k$ crossings. We prove a general upper bound on the number of edges of min-$k$-planar drawings, a finer upper bound for $k=3$, and tight upper bounds for $k=1,2$. Also, we study the inclusion relations between min-$k$-planar graphs (i.e., graphs admitting min-$k$-planar drawings) and $k$-planar graphs. In our setting we only allow simple drawings, that is, any two edges cross at most once, no two adjacent edges cross, and no three edges intersect at a common crossing point.
In a Lombardi drawing of a graph the vertices are drawn as points and the edges are drawn as circular arcs connecting their respective endpoints. Additionally, all vertices have perfect angular resolution, i.e., all angles incident to a vertex $v$ have size $2π/\mathrm{deg}(v)$. We prove that it is $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete to determine whether a given graph admits a Lombardi drawing respecting a fixed cyclic ordering of the incident edges around each vertex. In particular, this implies NP-hardness. While most previous work studied the (non-)existence of Lombardi drawings for different graph classes, our result is the first on the computational complexity of finding Lombardi drawings of general graphs.
In this paper, we introduce the following new concept in graph drawing. Our task is to find a small collection of drawings such that they all together satisfy some property that is useful for graph visualization. We propose investigating a property where each edge is not crossed in at least one drawing in the collection. We call such collection uncrossed. This property is motivated by a quintessential problem of the crossing number, where one asks for a drawing where the number of edge crossings is minimum. Indeed, if we are allowed to visualize only one drawing, then the one which minimizes the number of crossings is probably the neatest for the first orientation. However, a collection of drawings where each highlights a different aspect of a graph without any crossings could shed even more light on the graph's structure. We propose two definitions. First, the uncrossed number, minimizes the number of graph drawings in a collection, satisfying the uncrossed property. Second, the uncrossed crossing number, minimizes the total number of crossings in the collection that satisfy the uncrossed property. For both definitions, we establish initial results. We prove that the uncrossed crossing number is NP-hard, but there is an FPT algorithm parameterized by the solution size.
This paper presents the computing system design in our commercial autonomous vehicles, and provides a detailed performance, energy, and cost analyses. Drawing from our commercial deployment experience, this paper has two objectives. First, we highlight design constraints unique to autonomous vehicles that might change the way we approach existing architecture problems. Second, we identify new architecture and systems problems that are perhaps less studied before but are critical to autonomous vehicles.
ABSTRACT The development of artificial intelligence (AI) made human feel the pressure of machine competition. The architectural industry focuses on whether the AI will replace manpower. This study is an exploratory one. The problems that AI will have in the practice of architectural design are discussed through semi-structured interviews with architects, draftsmen, drawing reviewers, construction company owners, and professors of architecture. This study proposes an extended robotic architectural technology acceptance model with five facets and ten elements. This model highlights two dimensions, namely, specialised field diversity and controllable flexibility. This study provides new three implications in the future, namely, development direction, theoretical framework, and industry guidance, in the architectural design with artificial intelligence. Diversity and flexibility are important research directions for the development of AI robotic architects, just as fluctuations phenomenon in human capabilities can lead to a mutation effect in the design. Human beings need to contribute their own emotional intelligence, and replace competitive relationship with complementary mode of extended intelligence. Similar to any new technology, AI may create many jobs no less than it replaces.