Hasil untuk "q-bio"

J. McNutt, Q. He

Yating Jia, Danshi Qian, Yuancai Chen et al.

The slow electron transfer rate is the bottleneck to the biological wastewater treatment process, and the nanoparticles (NPs) has been verified as a feasible strategy to improve the biological degradation efficiency by accelerating the electron transfer. Here, we employed the Gram-positive Bacillus megaterium Y-4, capable of synthetizing Pd(0), to investigate the intra/extracellular electron transfer (IET/EET) mechanisms mediated by NPs in aerobic denitrification for the first time. Kinetic and thermodynamic results showed that the bio-Pd(0) could significantly promote the removal of both nitrate and nitrite by improving affinity and decreasing activation energy. The enzymic activity and the respiration chain inhibition experiment indicated that the bio-Pd(0) could facilitate the nitrate biotic reduction by improving the Fe-S center activity and serving as parallel H carriers to replace coenzyme Q to selectively increase the electron flux toward nitrate in IET, while promoting the nitrite reduction by abiotic catalysis. Most importantly, the detection of DPV peak at -226~-287 mV proved that the one-electron EET via multiheme cytochrome-bound flavins also occurred in Gram-positive bacteria and enhanced in Pd-loaded cells. In addition, the remarkable increase of the formal charge in EPS indicated that the bio-Pd(0) could act as an electron shuttle to increase the redox site in EPS, eventually accelerating the electron hopping in long-distance electron transfer. Overall, this study expanded our understanding of the roles of bio-Pd(0) on the aerobic denitrification process and provided an insight into the IET/EET of Gram-positive strains.

M. Nickpay, Mohammad Danaie, Ali Shahzadi

A highly sensitive absorption-based sensor based on folded split-ring metamaterial graphene resonators (FSRMGRs) is designed, and its biomedical application in terahertz (THz) spectrum is investigated. The sensor has a nearly perfect absorption, with a spectral absorption coefficient of 99.75% at 4 THz and an average Q -factor of 13.76. The resonance peak frequency is sensitive to the refractive index (RI) of the test medium (analyte), and a fairly high sensitivity of 851 GHz/RIU has been obtained. The specifications of the sensor can be tuned by an external DC-bias voltage applied to the graphene layer. According to the obtained results, the developed absorber appears to be a good candidate bio-sensing applications.

S. Ali, R. Z. Sayyed, M. I. Mir et al.

Surfactin lipopeptide is an eco-friendly microbially synthesized bioproduct that holds considerable potential in therapeutics (antibiofilm) as well as in agriculture (antifungal). In the present study, production of surfactin by a marine strain Bacillus velezensis MS20 was carried out, followed by physico-chemical characterization, anti-biofilm activity, plant growth promotion, and quantitative Reverse Transcriptase—Polymerase Chain Reaction (q RT-PCR) studies. From the results, it was inferred that MS20 was found to produce biosurfactant (3,300 mg L–1) under optimized conditions. From the physicochemical characterization [Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (LC/MS), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification] it was revealed to be surfactin. From bio-assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, it was observed that surfactin (MIC 50 μg Ml–1) has appreciable bacterial aggregation against clinical pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC424, Escherichia coli MTCC43, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC9751, and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and mycelial condensation property against a fungal phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani. In addition, the q-RTPCR studies revealed 8-fold upregulation (9.34 ± 0.11-fold) of srfA-A gene compared to controls. Further, treatment of maize crop (infected with R. solani) with surfactin and MS20 led to the production of defense enzymes. In conclusion, concentration and synergy of a carbon source with inorganic/mineral salts can ameliorate surfactin yield and, application wise, it has antibiofilm and antifungal activities. In addition, it induced systemic resistance in maize crop, which makes it a good candidate to be employed in sustainable agricultural practices.

Kata Gábor, D. Buscaldi, Anne-Kathrin Schumann et al.

This paper describes the first task on semantic relation extraction and classification in scientific paper abstracts at SemEval 2018. The challenge focuses on domain-specific semantic relations and includes three different subtasks. The subtasks were designed so as to compare and quantify the effect of different pre-processing steps on the relation classification results. We expect the task to be relevant for a broad range of researchers working on extracting specialized knowledge from domain corpora, for example but not limited to scientific or bio-medical information extraction. The task attracted a total of 32 participants, with 158 submissions across different scenarios.

S. Harisankar, R. Vishnu Mohan, V. Choudhary et al.

The need for fresh water limits the application and scale-up of hydrothermal technologies to convert waste biomass to energy and chemicals. In an effort to demonstrate the use of wastewater for sustainable process development, this work is focused on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) (350°C, 18 MPa, 30 min) and carbonization (HTC) (200°C, 7 MPa, 4 h) of rice straw with water from various sources (milli-Q water, tap water, seawater, recycled wastewater and industrial wastewater). The bio-crude yield from HTL was maximum (36.4 wt.%) with industrial wastewater, while the yield of hydrochar from HTC was maximum (74.5 wt.%) with seawater. The ions like K+, PO43- and NH4+ accumulated in the aqueous phase from rice straw. The hydrochars from HTL experiments contained significantly higher amount of ash compared to that from HTC experiments. Cyclopentenones and phenols were the major constituents of the bio-crude, with a maximum HHV of 26.3 MJ/kg from seawater.

Bonhan Koo, Myoung Gyu Kim, Kiri Lee et al.

Automated sample-to-answer systems that promptly diagnose emerging infectious diseases, such as zoonotic diseases, are crucial to preventing the spread of infectious diseases and future global pandemics. However, automated, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic testing without professionals and sample capacity and type limitations remains unmet needs. Here, we developed an automated sample-to-answer diagnostic system for rapid and accurate detection of emerging infectious diseases from clinical specimens. This integrated system consists of a microfluidic platform for sample preparation and a bio-optical sensor for nucleic acid (NA) amplification/detection. The microfluidic platform concentrates pathogens and NAs in a large sample volume using adipic acid dihydrazide and a low-cost disposable chip. The bio-optical sensor allows label-free, isothermal one-step NA amplification/detection using a ball-lensed optical fiber-based silicon micro-ring resonator sensor. The system is integrated with software to automate testing and perform analysis rapidly and simply;it can distinguish infection status within 80min. The detection limit of the system (0.96 × 101 PFU) is 10 times more sensitive than conventional methods (0.96 × 102 PFU). Furthermore, we validated the clinical utility of this automated system in various clinical specimens from emerging infectious diseases, including 20 plasma samples for Q fever and 13 (11 nasopharyngeal swabs and 2 saliva) samples for COVID-19. The system showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting 33 samples of emerging infectious diseases, such as Q fever, other febrile diseases, COVID-19, human coronavirus OC43, influenza A, and respiratory syncytial virus A. Therefore, we envision that this automated sample-to-answer diagnostic system will show high potential for diagnosing emerging infectious diseases in various clinical applications.

Abbas Hamouleh-Alipour, M. Forouzeshfard, R. Baghbani et al.

Erratic in concentration of the blood hemoglobin (Hb) is pernicious and common disease in many humans worldwide. The establishment of Hb measurement led to finding bio-optics mechanisms for tunable and high sensitivity dual-band plasmonic metasurface (PM) configuration that studied for Hb concentration detection of blood and formed by a semiconductor integrated with metal and dielectric layers. However, finding particularly useful mechanisms without surgery is a safe method with several potentials in biomedical applications. In this paper, a biosensor based on surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) that is a label-free detection method is proposed to measure Hb concentration of blood. The presented sensing method is susceptible to being a dual-bands metasurface perfect absorber at room temperature to adjust the optical properties of the integrated semiconductor plasmonic structure. The modeling and numerical performance have been fulfilled based on the finite element method (FEM) using an electromagnetic field simulation software (CST). Also, to validate the numerical results, the transfer matrix method (TMM) was introduced as an analytical model. The analytical and numerical results show a good agreement. Results indicate maximum sensitivity, figure of merit (FoM), and quality factor (Q) as 315 nm/RIU, 398.8, and 1407.6, respectively. By controlling and harnessing the light-matter interaction in near-infrared (NIR) region, we obtained the giant electric field intensity enhancement (EFIE) as 5000 and the maximum absorption close to 1 in the first resonance peak of λ1 = 1.126 µm which is the best track of optical operation in NIR regime. By adding samples to the biosensor, different Hb concentrations of 0 g/L to 260 g/L have been detected from 1.11 µm to 1.17 µm. Furthermore, the proposed optical metasurface design can be utilized as a biosensor to measure the different content of Hb concentration in whole blood on a g/L scale, making it one of the best candidates for the future optical biosensors for biomedical applications.

M. Bairva, S. S. Meena, R. Mehta

Ashok Kumar, A. Mohanty, T. R. Borah et al.