Hasil untuk "Transportation and communication"

Fengxiao Tang, Y. Kawamoto, N. Kato et al.

As a powerful tool, the vehicular network has been built to connect human communication and transportation around the world for many years to come. However, with the rapid growth of vehicles, the vehicular network becomes heterogeneous, dynamic, and large scaled, which makes it difficult to meet the strict requirements, such as ultralow latency, high reliability, high security, and massive connections of the next-generation (6G) network. Recently, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) technique to make both the vehicle and wireless communication highly efficient and adaptable. Naturally, employing ML into vehicular communication and network becomes a hot topic and is being widely studied in both academia and industry, paving the way for the future intelligentization in 6G vehicular networks. In this article, we provide a survey on various ML techniques applied to communication, networking, and security parts in vehicular networks and envision the ways of enabling AI toward a future 6G vehicular network, including the evolution of intelligent radio (IR), network intelligentization, and self-learning with proactive exploration.

Lei Liu, Chen Chen, Qingqi Pei et al.

As one key enabler of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has received remarkable interest from academia and industry. The emerging vehicular applications and the exponential growing data have naturally led to the increased needs of communication, computation and storage resources, and also to strict performance requirements on response time and network bandwidth. In order to deal with these challenges, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is regarded as a promising solution. MEC pushes powerful computational and storage capacities from the remote cloud to the edge of networks in close proximity of vehicular users, which enables low latency and reduced bandwidth consumption. Driven by the benefits of MEC, many efforts have been devoted to integrating vehicular networks into MEC, thereby forming a novel paradigm named as Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of state-of-art research on VEC. First of all, we provide an overview of VEC, including the introduction, architecture, key enablers, advantages, challenges as well as several attractive application scenarios. Then, we describe several typical research topics where VEC is applied. After that, we present a careful literature review on existing research work in VEC by classification. Finally, we identify open research issues and discuss future research directions.

Hai Wang, Hai Yang

Abstract With the rapid development and popularization of mobile and wireless communication technologies, ridesourcing companies have been able to leverage internet-based platforms to operate e-hailing services in many cities around the world. These companies connect passengers and drivers in real time and are disruptively changing the transportation industry. As pioneers in a general sharing economy context, ridesourcing shared transportation platforms consist of a typical two-sided market. On the demand side, passengers are sensitive to the price and quality of the service. On the supply side, drivers, as freelancers, make working decisions flexibly based on their income from the platform and many other factors. Diverse variables and factors in the system are strongly endogenous and interactively dependent. How to design and operate ridesourcing systems is vital—and challenging—for all stakeholders: passengers/users, drivers/service providers, platforms, policy makers, and the general public. In this paper, we propose a general framework to describe ridesourcing systems. This framework can aid understanding of the interactions between endogenous and exogenous variables, their changes in response to platforms’ operational strategies and decisions, multiple system objectives, and market equilibria in a dynamic manner. Under the proposed general framework, we summarize important research problems and the corresponding methodologies that have been and are being developed and implemented to address these problems. We conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on these problems in different areas from diverse perspectives, including (1) demand and pricing, (2) supply and incentives, (3) platform operations, and (4) competition, impacts, and regulations. The proposed framework and the review also suggest many avenues requiring future research.

Nurlaily Sofyan

English is now used as a lingua franca, most of the native and non-native speakers of English are using English as their mode of communication in their business matters or business organizations. English language is spread all over the world into almost all the fields such as science, engineering and technology, medicine, trade and commerce, scientific research, education, tourism, internet, banking, business, advertising, film industry, transportation, pharmacy and to name a few. The international expansion of English has been predicted and promoted regularly by leaders on both sides of the Atlantic over the past 200 years. In October 1934 the Carnegie Foundation sponsored a conference in New York on ‘The use of English as a world language’. ELF is used in a number of fields in which English is used as the mutual language of choice, such as science, politics, business, and education. The materials of higher education in English is to make it available for the learners and the teachers wherever they are located on this earth, most of the students, teachers and research scholars make use of this opportunity to enhance their qualification as well as knowledge. The widespread of English as an international language and with the advent of the internet as a mode of fast communication channel which has no boundaries, both are mutually enforcing novel trends and bringing tremendous changes in this age of globalization. English is the only language that is internationally spoken and accepted. Furthermore, the impact of the English language on the internet has been disclosed above and it also has been proved that there are many websites using English as their medium of communication. Even though there are certain fields that are not mentioned, it seems that English plays a dominant in those areas also.

N. Mohamed, J. Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar et al.

Abstract Foreseeing changes in how smart cities manage their resources and provide services to the residents; research, development and production in various relevant technology fields is accelerating. Taking advantage of recent advances and innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), robotics and software; smart cities can optimize resources utilization and enhance operations in health, transportation, energy, and water services, as well as elevating the level of comfort of residents. Effectively and efficiently utilizing ICT and robotics in smart cities will result in reducing costs and resources consumption in addition to engaging more effectively and actively with the citizens. One of these technologies is the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which can provide many applications for smart cities and create a positive impact on the society. For example, UAVs can be used for environmental monitoring, traffic management, pollution monitoring, civil security control, and merchandise delivery. UAV applications among several others can provide cost-effective services to help achieve the objectives of smart cities. However, the integration of UAVs in smart cities is very challenging due to several issues and concerns such as safety, privacy and ethical/legal use. This paper reviews the potential applications integrating UAVs in smart cities, their implications, and the technical and non-technical issues facing such integration. It also discusses regulations and enabling technologies currently available and being developed that can be utilized to support such integration.

Tie Qiu, Ning Chen, Keqiu Li et al.

E. Autio, R. Mudambi, Youngjin Yoo

Research Summary: Digitalization has three fundamental characteristics, reprogrammability infrastructural elementality, and intangibility Based on these characteristics, it is transforming how firms organize for value creation, delivery, and capture Its intangibility and infrastructural character largely free economic and business activities from the constraints of physical geography like those imposed by transportation and collocation Digital communication technologies typically reinforce the centrifugal forces that favor dispersing the firm's high knowledge activities Digital in situ technologies strengthen the centripetal forces toward concentrating the firm's low knowledge activities Location dependence and product modularity are crucial moderators for tangible products, while institutional barriers are important for intangible ones Finally, digital technologies increase the resilience of firms during disruptive events that impose restrictions on the movements of people and goods, as during the COVID-19 pandemic Managerial Summary: Digitalization is a general purpose technology on the scale of the steam engine and electricity, and affects every aspect of business and society It is transforming how firms organize for value creation, delivery, and capture Freeing businesses from the constraints of transportation and collocation, it increases their resiliency in the face of global disruptions like those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic Digital communication technologies typically reinforce the centrifugal forces that favor dispersing the firm's high knowledge activities Digital in situ technologies like advanced robotics strengthen the centripetal forces toward concentrating the firm's low knowledge activities Location dependence and product modularity are crucial moderators for tangible products, while institutional barriers are important for intangible ones © 2021 Strategic Management Society

C. I. Nwakanma, Love Allen Chijioke Ahakonye, J. Njoku et al.

The potential for an intelligent transportation system (ITS) has been made possible by the growth of the Internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), resulting in the integration of IoT and ITS—known as the Internet of vehicles (IoV). To achieve the goal of automatic driving and efficient mobility, IoV is now combined with modern communication technologies (such as 5G) to achieve intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs). However, IoV is challenged with security risks in the following five (5) domains: ICV security, intelligent device security, service platform security, V2X communication security, and data security. Numerous AI models have been developed to mitigate the impact of intrusion threats on ICVs. On the other hand, the rise in explainable AI (XAI) results from the requirement to inject confidence, transparency, and repeatability into the development of AI for the security of ICV and to provide a safe ITS. As a result, the scope of this review covered the XAI models used in ICV intrusion detection systems (IDSs), their taxonomies, and outstanding research problems. The results of the study show that XAI though in its infancy of application to ICV, is a promising research direction in the quest for improving the network efficiency of ICVs. The paper further reveals that XAI increased transparency will foster its acceptability in the automobile industry.

Eshika Choudhary, Awaneesh Kumar Yadav, Ravi Kumar et al.

Advancements in 5G are largely driven by its adoption across a variety of applications, including smart homes, smart healthcare, autonomous vehicles, transportation, and Industry 5.0. However, this widespread usage raises significant security and privacy concerns, particularly regarding authentication. To secure 5G communications, 3GPP has standardised the 5G-Authentication and Key Agreement (5G-AKA) protocol. Despite this, state-of-the-art research has revealed that 5G-AKA suffers from several vulnerabilities. In response, numerous alternative authentication schemes have been proposed. Nevertheless, many of these protocols continue to be susceptible to classical security threats, such as malicious serving network (SN) attacks, ephemeral secret leakage, traceability, anonymity violations, and, most critically, a lack of Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS). Additionally, recent advancements in quantum computing pose a substantial risk to the security of 5G-AKA and its variants, rendering them insecure in the post-quantum era. Although a few post-quantum cryptography-based protocols have been introduced, studies show that they are either computationally expensive or still vulnerable to quantum attacks. In order to tackle these challenges, we propose two versions of a novel authentication protocol that not only provide comprehensive security guarantees but are also computationally efficient. Version 1 utilises a hybrid cryptographic approach (AES + KEM) and achieves the lowest computational cost—even lower than Version 2, which relies solely on KEM. Both versions offer the same level of security, but Version 1 is significantly more efficient in terms of resource usage. We have validated our proposed protocols using the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and the Scyther tool. Furthermore, we evaluated their performance against existing protocols under both known and unknown attack scenarios. The results show that our protocols incur lower computational, communication, and energy overhead, as well as strong resilience against unknown attacks, outperforming several existing authentication schemes. Furthermore, we implement a testbed to demonstrate the real-time applicability of both proposed versions.

Xin Huang, Chao Wang, Xuming Tian et al.

Semantic communication is envisioned as a promising solution for tackling the data transmission challenges in future wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic importance-enhanced multi-hop semantic communication (SIMSC) framework that integrates semantic communication with a map-and-forward (MF) relaying scheme. To enhance transmission reliability, the framework employs a semantic importance (SI) calculation module to aid in training joint source-channel coding (JSCC) with relays, thereby better protecting the delivery of crucial semantic information over wireless channels with long-distance signal propagation. Different from conventional amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying schemes, the proposed MF scheme leverages a deep neural network (DNN) to adaptively transform the received signal, optimizing it for multi-hop transmission. This enhances robustness and flexibility in varying relay conditions. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed SIMSC framework performs notably better than conventional solutions that do not utilize semantic coding or relays. Moreover, the MF relaying scheme outperforms the AF and DF schemes, especially when relay distances vary across hops.

M. Green

Xiaofan Liang, C. Hidalgo, P. Balland et al.

Urban outputs, from economy to innovation, are known to grow as a power of a city's population. But, since large cities tend to be central in transportation and communication networks, the effects attributed to city size may be confounded with those of intercity connectivity. Here, we map intercity networks for the world's two largest economies (the United States and China) to explore whether a city's position in the networks of communication, human mobility, and scientific collaboration explains variance in a city's patenting activity that is unaccounted for by its population. We find evidence that models incorporating intercity connectivity outperform population-based models and exhibit stronger predictive power for patenting activity, particularly for technologies of more recent vintage (which we expect to be more complex or sophisticated). The effects of intercity connectivity are more robust in China, even after controlling for population, GDP, and education, but not in the United States once adjusted for GDP and education. This divergence suggests distinct urban network dynamics driving innovation in these regions. In China, models with social media and mobility networks explain more heterogeneity in the scaling of innovation, whereas in the United States, scientific collaboration plays a more significant role. These findings support the significance of a city's position within the intercity network in shaping its success in innovative activities.

Hanan M. SHUKUR, Shavan ASKAR, Subhi R.M. ZEEBAREE

 The sixth-generation (6G) communication technology has potential in various applications, for instance, industrial automation, intelligent transportation, healthcare systems, and energy consumption prediction. On the other hand, the concerns of privacy measures and security measures in 6G-enabled networks are considered critical issues and challenges. The integration of 6G with advanced technologies for example computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) is a common theme in this paper. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges and advancements required for 6G technology to be utilized with other technologies, involving edge technology, big data analytics, and deep learning. In this review paper, the authors overview the integration of 6G with cutting-edge technologies like IoT, IoMT, AI, and edge computing that address human requirements and issues. In addition, to make values for new technologies like Big data, federated learning machine learning, deep learning, and multiple aspects are merged collectively to offer a network for the machine and human growing era. These integrations can be utilized for monitoring energy consumption in real-time, intelligent transportation solutions, improved security in industrial applications, signal reconstruction, and industrial automation. Additionally, the authors illustrate the critical considerations and challenges that face the integration of 6G for instance, performance requirements, security, and privacy concerns. Overall, this paper suggests that 6G communication technology can revolutionize different sides of our society, and enhance efficiency and accuracy in various future industrial automation and sectors.

Min Liu, Shuo Yuan, Bingyan Li et al.

BackgroundBy the end of 2021, the new wave of COVID-19 sparked by the Omicron variant spread rapidly due to its highly contagious nature, affecting more than 170 countries worldwide. Nucleic acid testing became the gold standard for diagnosing novel coronavirus infections. As of July 2022, numerous cities and regions in China have implemented regular nucleic acid testing policies, which have had a significant impact on socioeconomics and people’s lives. This policy has garnered widespread attention on social media platforms. ObjectiveThis study took the newly issued regular nucleic acid testing policy during the COVID-19 pandemic as an example to explore the sentiment responses and fluctuations of netizens toward new policies during public health emergencies. It aimed to propose strategies for managing public opinion on the internet and provide recommendations for policy making and public opinion control. MethodsWe collected blog posts related to nucleic acid testing on Weibo from April 1, 2022, to July 31, 2022. We used the topic modeling technique latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to identify the most common topics posted by users. We used Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to calculate the sentiment score of each post. We used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to examine the relationship between sentiment scores and changes over time. We compared the differences in sentiment scores across various topics, as well as the changes in sentiment before and after the announcement of the nucleic acid price reduction policy (May 22) and the lifting of the lockdown policy in Shanghai (June 1). ResultsWe collected a total of 463,566 Weibo posts, with an average of 3799.72 (SD 1296.06) posts published daily. The LDA topic extraction identified 8 topics, with the most numerous being the Shanghai outbreak, nucleic acid testing price, and transportation. The average sentiment score of the posts was 0.64 (SD 0.31), indicating a predominance of positive sentiment. For all topics, posts with positive sentiment consistently outnumbered those with negative sentiment (χ27=24,844.4, P<.001). The sentiment scores of posts related to “nucleic acid testing price” decreased after May 22 compared with before (t120=3.882, P<.001). Similarly, the sentiment scores of posts related to the “Shanghai outbreak” decreased after June 1 compared with before (t120=11.943, P<.001). ConclusionsDuring public health emergencies, the topics of public concern were diverse. Public sentiment toward the regular nucleic acid testing policy was generally positive, but fluctuations occurred following the announcement of key policies. To understand the primary concerns of the public, the government needs to monitor social media posts by citizens. By promptly sharing information on media platforms and engaging in effective communication, the government can bridge the information gap between the public and government agencies, fostering a positive public opinion environment.

Zhumanov Azat, Kegenbekov Zhandos, Tolujevs Jurijs

The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) is one of the main transport corridors between China and Europe. It passes through the territory of Kazakhstan, as well as the countries of the South Caucasus, Turkey, and Iran, and contributes to the full realisation of transit and export opportunities of these countries. Each country participating in the development of TITR is implementing projects to increase the capacity of its transit infrastructure, but the potential of this route has not yet been fully realised. The reason for this is both high tariffs for sea and rail transport and insufficiently short transport times, which are dependent on the parameters and methods of using the infrastructure. This paper is devoted to the study of the TITR railway infrastructure located in Kazakhstan. The developed simulation model allows estimating the impact of infrastructure parameters of the railway track on the movement time of a container train from the PRC border to the ports of Aktau and Kuryk on the Caspian Sea coast.

G. K. Gilbert, E. Murphy

Dicky Aditya Septyawan, Hasan Ubaidillah

The purpose of this study is to know the communication in employee productivity. The company was examined by the author a company engaged in the field of providing goods delivery services. This research is a type of descriptive using quantitative methods. Data retrieval techniques are spreading questionnaires to 50 respondents who are employees of the driver at PT Djuta Cross Nusa. Analysis techniques that use the SPSS program (statistical program for social science) version 21 for Windows. The results of this study, namely communication have an important influence on the achievement of the success of the company, namely between employees of Driver and PT Duta cross Nusa.&#x0D; Highlights:&#x0D; &#x0D; Communication significantly impacts employee productivity in goods delivery services.&#x0D; Effective communication enhances the success of the company, particularly between drivers and PT Djuta Cross Nusa.&#x0D; Understanding the role of communication can lead to improved performance and operational efficiency in the delivery services industry.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Communication, Employee productivity, Goods delivery services, Descriptive study, PT Djuta Cross Nusa.

Yi Xing, Wei Li, Wenhua Yao et al.

Abstract Cooperative control of high‐speed trains can improve the safety and efficiency of high‐speed railway transportation. However, the velocity and distance overshoots in the cooperative control of multiple high‐speed trains is an undesirable behavior, which will lead to unsafe and inefficient train operation. To address this issue, a cooperative predictive set point modulation control approach for high‐speed trains is proposed. First, the cyber‐physical modeling of multiple high‐speed trains is presented. The longitudinal dynamic characteristics of high‐speed trains are established in the physical layer, and the cyber layer represents the communication topology of high‐speed trains based on graph theory. Second, a cooperative control rule is designed to achieve the velocity consensus and maintain safe distance between adjacent trains. Moreover, the set point automatic adjustment with correction enable (SPAACE) is leveraged to smoothly adjust the set‐point of high‐speed trains to suppress the overshoots of train velocities and inter‐train distance. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified in three different simulation scenarios: normal, acceleration and deceleration conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the maximum relative displacement by 62% and the velocity error by 34%.

Abdul Malik, Muhammad Zahid Khan, Saeed Mian Qaisar et al.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) deliver a wide range of commercial as well as safety applications and further motivate the advancements of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and Vehicles to Everything (V2X) communication. Despite their potential benefits, VANETs are susceptible to a variety of security attacks due to their open, distributed, and dynamic nature, which includes intrinsic protocol design issues. One such an infamous security attack is the Gray-Hole Attack (GHA), typically has two variants: Smart GHA and Sequence Number-based GHA. In Smart GHA, the malicious node behaves normally during the route discovery process, while in Sequence Number-based GHA, the malicious node starts misbehaving during the route discovery process. In either case, once the route is successfully established, it starts dropping the packets. In this paper, a novel security approach called &#x201C;Detection and Prevention of GHA&#x201D; (DPGHA) is proposed to detect and prevent both variants of GHA in Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) based VANETs. The approach is based on the generation of dynamic threshold values of abnormal differences of received, forwarded, and generated control or data packets among nodes and their sequence numbers. The proposed DPGHA is implemented and tested in NS-2 and SUMO simulators and its various performances are compared with the most relevant benchmark approaches. The results showed that the proposed DPGHA performed better than the benchmark approaches in terms of reduced routing overhead by 10.85&#x0025; and end-to-end delay by 3.85&#x0025;, increased Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) by 4.67&#x0025; and throughput by 6.58&#x0025;, and achieved a maximum detection rate of 2.3&#x0025;.

S. Vishnu, S. R. Jino Ramson, M. S. S. Rukmini et al.

As a consequence of swiftly growing populations in the urban areas, larger quantities of solid waste also form rapidly. Since urban local bodies are found to be unable to manage this perilous situation effectively, there is a high probability of risks relative to the environment and public health. A sudden change is indispensable in the existing systems that are developed for the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste, which are entangled in turmoil. However, Smart sensors and wireless technology enable cyber-physical systems to automate solid waste management, which will revolutionize the industry. This work presents a comprehensive study on the evolution of automation approaches in solid waste management systems. This study is enhanced by dissecting the available literature in solid waste management with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and Internet of Things (IoT)-based approaches and analyzing each category with a typical architecture, respectively. In addition, various communication technologies adopted in the aforementioned categories are critically analyzed to identify the best choice for the deployment of trash bins. From the survey, it is inferred that IoT-based systems are superior to other design approaches, and LoRaWAN is identified as the preferred communication protocol for the automation of solid waste handling systems in urban areas. Furthermore, the critical open research issues on state-of-the-art solid waste handling systems are identified and future directions to address the same topic are suggested.