Filip Grajnert, Wiktoria Bińczyk, Olgierd Dróżdż
et al.
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by severe cognitive and behavioral impairments. It often coexists with multiple and complex anxiety symptoms that exacerbate the clinical challenges associated with schizophrenia. This case report presents the history of a 32-year-old woman with a final diagnosis of both paranoid schizophrenia and mixed anxiety disorders. The patient presented with persistent auditory pseudohallucinations, severe anxiety together with occasional panic attacks, which were treated with a variety of antipsychotics. Treatment adjustments were necessitated by the emergence of side effects, including neutropenia, motor disturbances and the observation of major anxiety symptoms, including panic disorder. Ultimately, the successful use of quetiapine in monotherapy was achieved. This case study emphasizes the need for comprehensive treatment strategies to address the complex interplay of psychotic and anxiety symptoms. Increased clinical awareness and targeted treatment of comorbid anxiety can significantly improve the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.
Amirhosein Ziyaiyan, Mohammadreza Kordi, Martin Hofmeister
et al.
Abstract Background Skeletal muscle contractions due to exercise lead to the secretion of many proteins and proteoglycan peptides called myokines. Myostatin (MSTN) and Myogenin (MyoG) are two of the most important skeletal muscle growth regulatory factors related to myoblast differentiation and muscle hypertrophy. The present study aims at investigating the effects over eight weeks of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on serum MyoG and MSTN in male soccer players. Method The present study is a quasi-experimental study on 21 male soccer players (Experimental group: n = 11, Control group: n = 10) (ages 15.0 ± 3.4 years, body mass 55.7 ± 7.8 kg, height 173.3 ± 8.0 cm, Body mass index 18.4 ± 1.9 kg m−2, maximum oxygen uptake 61.89 ± 3.01 ml kg−1 and the peak height velocity 14.5 ± 0.3 years). Participants were randomly divided into two groups: training group and a control group. The first resting blood samples were obtained in the morning-fasting state, and the second blood samples were obtained after the maximum aerobic test at pre- and post-HICT. Results There were non-significant differences in resting serum values of MyoG (p = 0.309, p > 0.05) but significant differences in resting serum values of MSTN between the training and control groups after eight weeks of HICT (p = 0.003, p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups in the acute response of serum values of MyoG (p = 0.413, p < 0.05) and MSTN (p = 0.465, p < 0.05) to the maximum aerobic test after eight weeks of HICT. Conclusion These results suggest that eight weeks of HICT can decrease the resting serum values of MSTN but not change the resting serum values of MyoG in male adolescent soccer players. Also, eight weeks of HICT does not affect the acute response of MSTN and MyoG after a maximum aerobic test.
Abstract Background Although previous research in pediatric populations has reported performance enhancements following instability resistance training, the effects of different volumes on measures of balance, strength and power and lower limb asymmetry remain unclear. Objective To compare the effect of two 8-week instability resistance training programs (IRT1: 2 sets x 8 repetitions, 20% one-repetition maximum (1RM); IRT2: 2 sets x 4 repetitions, 40% 1RM) in balance (center of pressure displacements), 1RM, single-leg jumps, and inter-limb asymmetry of prepubescent weightlifters. Methods Thirty-two male athletes (10.94 ± 0.47 yrs, 17.05 ± 0.14 kg/m2, and 6.44 ± 0.93% bodyfat) voluntarily participated and combined IRT (front and back squat, lunge, and deadlift) with their usual weightlifting training. Nonparametric tests evaluated the differences between pre- and post-intervention. Results Significant improvements were encountered in all the variables for both groups (effect sizes [ES] from 0.46 to 2.60), except the inter-limb asymmetry and the velocity of displacement of the center of pressure, which did not improve in IRT2. It is also worth highlighting that in the single-leg jumps and center of pressure displacements, whereas no significant differences were observed between IRT1 and IRT2 in the baseline, significant differences appeared in the follow-up measurements. Conclusion IRT combined with weight-lifting training improves prepubescent weightlifters’ performance; therefore, strength and conditioning coaches may consider including unstable devices with low loads into an overall conditioning program and warm-ups for prepuberal male weightlifters to promote their physical fitness and potentially decrease inter-limb asymmetry. Trial registration This study does not report results related to healthcare interventions using human participants; therefore, it was not prospectively registered.
Krzysztof Bednarz, Bartosz Basiaga, Sara Trojan
et al.
Aim of the article
The aim of the article is to summarize the current state of knowledge about brain-computer interfaces (BCI), i.e. systems that allow you to control electronic devices by recording the activity of nerve cells.
Materials and methods
The article is based on a literature review in the PubMed database.
Conclusions
Disorders of the nervous system pose a great therapeutic challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of the nervous tissue. In the future, BCI may become an opportunity to improve the quality of life of patients with neurological diseases. Thanks to technological progress and increasing abilities in the field of physiology of neurons, the possibilities of using this system are increasing. Clinical trials have been performed on patients with various types of neurological deficits, including movement disorders and aphasia. Brain-computer interfaces can also help with vision loss, epilepsy, and many other conditions
Abstract Background People who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have an increased risk of osteoarthritis. Abnormality of lower limb kinematics will occur after the operation. This may be related to lower limb muscle strength, the co-excitation of hamstrings and quadriceps femoris, and the weakness of proprioception. Proprioceptive training can improve the proprioception of lower limbs and promote the recovery of lower limb kinematics. Our research objective is to observe whether proprioceptive training can improve the proprioception of lower limbs within 3 months after surgery and whether the recovery of proprioception can correct the abnormal lower limb kinematics. The secondary objective is to explore the underlying mechanism of postoperative lower limb gait abnormalities. Methods/design This study is a prospective single-center randomized clinical trial to be conducted in the Sports Medicine and Orthopedics of Zhongda Hospital Southeast University. Forty participants aged 18–50, preparing to undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and initial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendons as grafts will be randomly assigned to the intervention or comparator group. People in the intervention group will add proprioceptive training three times a week, 20 min each time. The intervention will be conducted on the first day after surgery. The researcher mainly collects the data of joint of sense, gait, and plantar pressure. The assessment will be divided into three stages: after signing the informed consent form (within 2 weeks before surgery), 6 weeks after surgery, and 12 weeks after surgery. Discussion The main purpose of our study is to explore whether the proprioception of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is weakened, whether the lower limb kinematics is abnormal and whether the lower limb kinematics can be corrected through proprioceptive training. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200065808. Registered on 15 November 2022; Version 1.
Eric Renaghan, Harrison L. Wittels, Luis A. Feigenbaum
et al.
Exercising with elevated core temperatures may negatively affect autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Additionally, longer training duration under higher core temperatures may augment these negative effects. This study evaluated the relationship between exercise training duration and 24 h ANS recovery and function at ≥37 °C, ≥38 °C and ≥39 °C core temperature thresholds in a sample of male Division I (D1) collegiate American football athletes. Fifty athletes were followed over their 25-week season. Using armband monitors (Warfighter Monitor<sup>TM</sup>, Tiger Tech Solutions, Inc., Miami, FL, USA), core temperature (°C) and 24 h post-exercise baseline heart rate (HR), HR recovery and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. For HRV, two time-domain indices were measured: the root mean square of the standard deviation of the NN interval (rMSSD) and the standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN)<b>.</b> Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between exercise training duration and ANS recovery (baseline HR and HRV) and function (HR recovery) at ≥37 °C, ≥38 °C and ≥39 °C core temperature thresholds. On average, the athletes were 21.3 (± 1.4) years old, weighed 103.0 (±20.2) kg and had a body fat percentage of 15.4% (±7.8%, 3.0% to 36.0%). The duration of training sessions was, on average, 161.1 (±40.6) min and they ranged from 90.1 to 339.6 min. Statistically significant associations between training duration and 24 h ANS recovery and function were observed at both the ≥38.0 °C (baseline HR: <i>β</i> = 0.10 ± 0.02, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.0000; HR recovery: <i>β</i> = −0.06 ± 0.02, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.0002; rMSSD: <i>β</i> = −0.11 ± 0.02, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.24, <i>p</i> < 0.0000; and SDNN: <i>β</i> = −0.16 ± 0.04, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.22, <i>p</i> < 0.0000) and ≥39.0 °C thresholds (<i>β</i> = 0.39 ± 0.05, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.62, <i>p</i> < 0.0000; HR recovery: <i>β</i> = −0.26 ± 0.04, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.0000; rMSSD: <i>β</i> = −0.37 ± 0.05, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.58, <i>p</i> < 0.0000; and SDNN: <i>β</i> = −0.67 ± 0.09, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.59, <i>p</i> < 0.0000). With increasing core temperatures, increases in slope steepness and strengths of the associations were observed, indicating accelerated ANS deterioration. These findings demonstrate that exercise training under elevated core temperatures (≥38 °C) may negatively influence ANS recovery and function 24 h post exercise and progressively worsen.
Samuel D Stephenson, Joseph Kocan, A. Vinod
et al.
Background: A large volume of systematic reviews and meta-analyses has been published on the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. Purpose: To provide a qualitative summary of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have examined the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs on reducing musculoskeletal injuries. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. We excluded published abstracts, narrative reviews, articles not published in English, commentaries, studies that described sports injury prevention strategies but did not assess their effectiveness, studies that did not assess musculoskeletal injuries, and studies that did not assess sports-related injuries. The most relevant results were extracted and summarized. Levels of evidence were determined per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, revised version). Results: A total of 507 articles were retrieved, and 129 were included. Articles pertaining to all injuries were divided into 9 topics: sports and exercise in general (n = 20), soccer (n = 13), ice hockey (n = 1), dance (n = 1), volleyball (n = 1), basketball (n = 1), tackle collision sports (n = 1), climbing (n = 1), and youth athletes (n = 4). Articles on injuries by anatomic site were divided into 11 topics: general knee (n = 8), anterior cruciate ligament (n = 34), ankle (n = 14), hamstring (n = 11), lower extremity (n = 10), foot (n = 6), groin (n = 2), shoulder (n = 1), wrist (n = 2), and elbow (n = 1). Of the 129 studies, 45.7% were ranked as evidence level 1, and 55.0% were evidence level 2. Based on the AMSTAR-2, 58.9% of the reviews reported a priori review methods, 96.1% performed a comprehensive literature search, 47.3% thoroughly described excluded articles, 79.1% assessed risk of bias for individual studies, 48.8% reported a valid method for statistical combination of data (ie, meta-analysis), 45.0% examined the effect of risk of bias on pooled study results, and 19.4% examined the risk for publication bias. Conclusion: This comprehensive review provides sports medicine providers with a single source of the most up-to-date publications in the literature on sports injury prevention.
Agnieszka Pawlas, Agnieszka Bielaszka, Wiktoria Staśkiewicz
et al.
Introduction. Adequate nutrition combined with physical activity is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Recreational sportspersons should know how to adjust their nutrition to physical activity in order to benefit their health. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional knowledge of recreationally active people and to assess the influence of BMI and gender on the level of nutritional knowledge. Material and methods. The study was conducted with the use of 200 participants aged 15-55 years living in the city of Katowice. The respondents were physically active at least 3 times a week for at least 1 hour. Nutritional knowledge was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by means of the BMI index, and for its assessment, the ranges recommended by the World Health Organization were adopted. Results. Most of the respondents - 33.5% (n=77) declared that they practiced weight training, 15.5% (n=31) attended group fitness classes, 14.5% (n=29) practiced running, fewer people practiced team sports and cycling. The nutrition knowledge of the majority of the respondents was at a sufficient level (n=136), 44 respondents had good nutrition knowledge and 22 respondents had insufficient nutrition knowledge. None of the respondents had very good nutrition knowledge. More than 70% of respondents had normal BMI (n=142), more than 25% (n=51) were overweight, and 7 subjects had BMI values below normal. Conclusions. There was no relationship between gender, BMI, and level of nutritional knowledge. The study shows that there is a need for nutritional education for recreational sportsmen.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly exacerbated Jamaica’s high physical inactivity rates, which means the country could potentially see increases in lifestyle diseases and deaths. Given the fact that physical literacy is not prevalent among the Jamaican population, physical education (PE) teachers must play a greater role in the postCOVID era to promote physical activity and sports involvement through school, community, and national initiatives.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived role of PE teachers in the development of sports and physical activity (PA) lifestyles in the post-COVID era in Jamaica.
Methods: The research took the form of a descriptive quantitative survey that analyzed the experiences and perceptions of 47 PE teachers in Jamaica. The sampling method utilized a combined approach using purposive and snowball sampling techniques.
Results: The results of the study indicated that PE teachers play an important role in teaching and developing the fundamental skills of students in preparation for transition into amateur and national competitions. PE teachers in the post-COVID era need to contribute more to students living a healthy lifestyle and becoming active for life.
Conclusion: The results of this study have great implications for Jamaica’s physical inactivity levels and the continued development and maintenance of Jamaica’s dominance in sports in the international arena.
Keywords: chronic lifestyle diseases, physical activity lifestyle, sports development.
Lindsey M. Fry, Nina R. Kieves, Abigail B. Shoben
et al.
ObjectiveTo describe risk factors associated with demographics, training, and competition for iliopsoas injury in dogs participating in agility competitions, as well as describe owner reported treatment and return to sport following injury.ProceduresAn internet-based survey of agility handlers collected risk factor data for dogs participating in agility. Owners were asked questions about demographics, training, and competition as well as injury treatment and recovery if applicable. Associations between variables of interest and iliopsoas injury were estimated with logistic regression. The final risk factor model was built via modified backward selection, with all variables in the final model showing significant associations at p < 0.05.ResultsOf the 4,197 dogs in the sample, 327 (7.8%) reported iliopsoas injury. The final model identified six risk factors for iliopsoas injury. A higher risk of iliopsoas injury was observed for the Border Collie breed, dogs with handlers who are veterinary assistants, dogs competing on dirt, dogs competing on artificial turf 6+ times a year, and dogs that trained with the 2 × 2 method for weave poles. Dogs that were not acquired with agility in mind were observed to have a decreased risk of injury. Factors like number of competition days and jump height were not significantly associated with risk of iliopsoas injury. Owners sought veterinary care for 88% of dogs with iliopsoas injury, including specialty care for 63%. Treatment most often included rest, home rehabilitation, formal rehabilitation, and/or oral medications. Most dogs (80%) were able to return to sport within 6 months, while 20% were out for longer than 6 months, or retired.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceIliopsoas injury can necessitate a significant amount of time off from training and competition, and even lead to retirement of dogs competing in agility. Some of the risk factors identified in this study can inherently not be modified (breed, intended use, and handler profession), but can be taken into consideration for injury prevention strategies. Competition and training risk factors that can be modified, such as weave training, may help to inform guidelines for best practices in management of the agility athlete.
Andreas Nikolakakis, George Mavridis, Vassilios Gourgoulis
et al.
The aim of the current study was to record and compare the technical and tactical elements of the strokes during serve, receive and winning shots between winning and defeated female table tennis athletes, belonging to the cadet leagues and to study their relation with the outcome of the match. The sample for this study was 36 official table tennis matches (2487 rallies) of Cadets (14 ± 1.48 years). The technical and tactical analyses was concerned to the type and direction of serve and receive, the success rates of the player serving and receiving, as well as the process of winning a point after an offensive shot. In order to record and analyze the matches, the method of video analysis was used and for the statistical treatment of the data the non-parametric x2 test was implemented. The results revealed that the forehand grip was mainly used for the execution of a serve and the serve of the young female winners was statistically superior to the losers, regarding the score and the rates of successful receive. Statistically significant differences were also observed in the first return of the ball after the execution of the serve, where the winners preferred mostly the forehand-push, backhand-topspin and forehand-topspin, making even more winning shots compared to the losers. The findings of the current study could be used by coaches in Cadet leagues to improve training methods and help them to provide feedback to the athletes during the matches.
Francisca Maria Damasceno Góis, Élvio Rubio Gouveia, Hugo Sarmento
et al.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo sumarizar as evidências de estudos sobre como a participação em aulas de educação física (EF) baseadas na educação desportiva (EDE) tem sido relacionada a atividade física (AF) em adolescentes, sobretudo quanto a participação em atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV), fatores psicológicos e sociais. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática que incluiu 8 bases electrónicas (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, PSYCINFO, ERIC e COCHRANE). Uma pesquisa inicial alcançou 162 títulos, permanecendo 149 após a retirada dos duplicados. Outros 10 estudos foram incluídos com base nas listas de referências, totalizando 159 estudos na fase de identificação. Na triagem, foram excluídas 89 referências, permanecendo 70 referências para análise de texto completo. Nesta etapa, foram excluídas 53 referências, resultando em 17 referências que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os estudos foram realizados entre 2002 e 2017, a maioria nos Estados Unidos. A maioria dos estudos reportou melhoras quanto aos fatores psicológicos e sociais, principalmente a motivação. Os dados sobre a participação dos adolescentes em AFMV foram contraditórios e inconclusivos, dificultando a compreensão do contributo do modelo para prática de AF dos alunos.
There are presented the results of studying the structure of children’s traumatism, dynamics of its variable types during 1999 –2016 inUkraineand Kirovogradska Oblast. The peculiarities by the character of changes in indices and their intensity with years were defined.