Hasil untuk "Special situations and conditions"

Katelyn E. Mooney, Derek B. Archer, Aditi Sathe et al.

Abstract INTRODUCTION We assessed associations between apolipoprotein E Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 40 (APOE‐TOMM40)‐‘523 haplotypes and white matter microstructure (WMM) across limbic tracts important for memory and cognition in non‐Hispanic Black and White individuals. METHODS Linear regression models, stratified by APOE and racialized groups, assessed associations between TOMM40‐‘523‐S and limbic tract WMM free‐water (FW) and free‐water‐corrected fractional anisotropy (FAFWcorr). RESULTS Black‐ε4+‐one‐'523‐S carriers had lower FW in the cingulum and inferior longitudinal fasciculus compared to Black‐ε4+‐no‐'523‐S carriers. Additionally, Black‐ε4+‐one‐'523‐S carriers had lower FW in the cingulum, uncinate, and fornix, and higher FAFWcorr in the uncinate compared to Black‐ε4+‐'523‐S/S carriers. White‐ε3/ε3‐‘523‐S/S carriers had lower FAFWcorr in the cingulum and inferior temporal gyrus compared to White‐ε3/ε3‐no‐'523‐S carriers, and lower FAFWcorr in the cingulum compared to White‐ε3/ε3‐one‐‘523‐S carriers. DISCUSSION This supports prior work that ‘523‐S is associated with abnormal aging in White‐ε3/ε3 carriers, but is potentially risk‐mitigating in Black‐ε4+ carriers, while suggesting a differential effect by racialized background of APOE on WMM. Highlights White matter microstructure (WMM) across limbic tracts important for cognition was measured by diffusion MRI. Black apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4+ carriers with one copy of TOMM40‐‘523‐S had normal aging WMM metrics across several tracts, including the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, fornix, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. White APOE ε3/ε3 carriers with two copies of TOMM40‐‘523‐S had abnormal aging WMM metrics in the cingulum bundle and inferior temporal gyrus. APOE associations with aging may differ in racialized groups due to TOMM40‐‘523‐S copy number.

Christopher Olusanjo Akosile PhD, Chisom Onyekwuluje BMR, Ukamaka Gloria Mgbeojedo PhD et al.

Objectives: To assess and compare levels of social support (SS), social participation (SP) and life accomplishment (LA) among older adults in some assisted-living facilities (ALFs) and their community-dwelling (CD) peers. Methods: One hundred twenty older adults (54 ALF, 66 CD) from a Nigerian population participated in this cross-sectional survey. The Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support, the Participation Scale and the Life Habit Questionnaires were used to evaluate levels of SS, SP, and LA, respectively. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman rank order correlation, at .05 alpha level. Results: Participation restriction (PR) was significantly more prevalent among the ALF group compared to the CD group (χ 2  = 12.74; p  = .01) but the two groups enjoyed comparable level of SS. LA was significantly better for the CD group in the overall score. LA had significant correlation with PR in both the ALFs ( r  = −.44; p  < .05) and CD ( r  = −.62; p  < .05) group. Conclusions: Older adults in ALFs received moderate SS, had LA, and a high PR, while CD older adults received a high SS and LA but had no PR. The findings implicate that social participation and enhancing community support for older adults may be important for a sustainable community.

Agiimaa Byambaa, Indra Altankhuyag, Otgonbayar Damdinbazar et al.

Background. Hand grip strength (HGS) is a tool for diagnosing sarcopenia. In this study, we examined some anthropometric and body circumference measurements as determinants for HGS. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted with participants (Mongolians, n = 1080, aged 18–70, mean age of 41.2 ± 13.9 years, 33.7% of men) from the “Mon-Timeline” cohort study. To measure HGS, a digital grip strength dynamometer was used. Results. Mean HGS in men was 40.1 ± 10.4 kg and in women was 24.5 ± 5.6 kg. Correlation analysis showed that the strongest correlation with HGS was height (r = 0.712, p<0.001). Moreover, HGS was inversely correlated with age (r = −0.239, p<0.001) and thigh circumference (r = −0.070, p<0.01), while it was positively correlated with body weight (r = 0.309, p<0.001), neck circumference (r = 0.427, p<0.001), upper arm circumference (r = 0.108, p<0.0001), lower arm circumference (r = 0.413, p<0.0001), and calf circumference (r = 0.117, p<0.0001). In the multivariate linear regression analysis (unstandardized B coefficient, 95% CI), age (−0.159, −0.188; −0.129), sex (−9.262, −10.459; −8.064), height (0.417, 0.357; 0.478), lower arm circumference (1.003, 0.736; 1.270), and calf circumference (−0.162, −0.309; −0.015) were significantly associated with HGS. Conclusions. When detecting sarcopenia using HGS, it is important to take into account variables such as body height and body circumference.

Eyal Colorni, Evyatar Ohayon, Julie N. Côté et al.

Abstract Background In high-intensity interval training (HIIT), the rest durations between intervals are commonly prescribed using a fixed approach (e.g., 30 s between intervals). An alternative is the self-selected (SS) approach, in which trainees select their resting durations. Studies comparing the two approaches report mixed results. However, in these studies, trainees in the SS condition rested for as little or as long as they wished, leading to dissimilar total rest durations between conditions. Here, for the first time, we compare the two approaches while controlling for total rest duration. Methods Twenty-four amateur adult male cyclists completed a familiarization session, followed by two counterbalanced cycling HIIT sessions. Each session was composed of nine, 30-s intervals, in which the goal was to accumulate as many watts as possible on an SRM ergometer. In the fixed condition, cyclists rested for 90 s between intervals. In the SS condition, cyclists had 720 s (i.e., 8  × 90 s) of rest to allocate in any way they wished. We measured and compared watts, heart rate, electromyography of the knee flexors and extensors, rating of perceived effort and fatigue, perception of autonomy and enjoyment. Additionally, a subsample of ten cyclists completed a retest of the SS condition. Results With the exception of perception of autonomy, which was higher in the SS condition, outcomes were highly similar in both conditions. For example, the average aggregated differences were: 0.57 (95% CI − 8.94, 10.09) for watts; − 0.85 (95% CI − 2.89, 1.18) for heart rate; and 0.01 (95% CI − 0.29, 0.30) for rating of perceived effort (on a 0–10 scale). Additionally, the retest of the SS condition resulted in a similar rest allocation pattern across the intervals and in similar outcomes. Conclusion Given the similarities in performance, physiological and psychological outcomes between the fixed and SS conditions, both can be equally utilized based on coaches’ and cyclists’ preferences and training goals.

Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Bui Hoang Phuc, Vo Phuoc Tuan et al.

Beside diagnostic uncertainties due to the lack of a perfect gold standard test for Helicobacter pylori infection, the diagnosis and the prevalence estimation for this infection encounter particular challenges in Africa including limited diagnostic tools and specific genetic background. We developed and evaluated the accuracy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system tailored for H. pylori genetics in Africa (HpAfr-ELISA). Strains belonging to main genetic populations infecting Africans were exploited as sources for whole-cell antigens to establish in-house the ELISA system. A phase II unmatched case-control study explored the diagnostic accuracy of the HpAfr-ELISA using a training set of samples collected from dyspeptic patients from Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) who had been tested with invasive standard tests (i.e., histology, culture, and rapid urease test) in 2017. Then the assay was cross-validated through a community-based survey assessing the prevalence of H. pylori and associated factors in 425 adults from Mbujimayi, DRC in 2018. Bayesian inferences were used to deal with statistical uncertainties of estimates (true prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity) in the study population. At its optimal cut-off-value 20.2 U/mL, the assay achieved an estimated sensitivity of 97.6% (95% credible interval [95%CrI]: 89.2; 99.9%) and specificity of 90.5% (95%CrI: 78.6; 98.5). Consistent outcomes obtained at repeated tests attested the robustness of the assay (negative and positive agreements always > 70%). The true prevalence of H. pylori was estimated 53.8% [95%CrI: 42.8; 62.7%]. Increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] > 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): > 1.0; 1.1]; p<0.001), overcrowding households (aOR = 3.2 [95%CI: 2.0; 5.1]; p<0.001), and non-optimal hand hygiene (aOR = 4.5 [95%CI: 2.0; 11.4]; p = 0.001) were independently associated with the H. pylori-seropositivity. The novel ELISA system has demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy and potential usefulness for management and mitigation strategies for H. pylori infection in African settings.

Vanessa Lima-Neiva, Helena Keiko Toma, Lúcia Maria Abrantes Aguiar et al.

An outbreak of Chagas disease, possibly involving its vector Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis, was identified in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Given the historical significance of this vector in public health, the study aimed to evaluate its role in the transmission dynamics of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi in an area undergoing desertification in the Seridó region, RN, Brazil. We captured triatomines in sylvatic and anthropic ecotopes. Natural vector infection was determined using parasitological and molecular methods and we identified discrete typing units (DTUs) of T. cruzi by analyzing the COII gene of mtDNA, 24Sα rDNA, and mini-exon gene. Their blood meals sources were identified by amplification and sequencing of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene. A total of 952 T. b. brasiliensis were captured in peridomestic (69.9%) and sylvatic ecotopes (30.4%). A wide range of natural infection rates were observed in peridomestic (36.0% - 71.1%) and sylvatic populations (28.6% - 100.0%). We observed the circulation of TcI and TcII DTUs with a predominance of Tcl in sylvatic and peridomestic environments. Kerodon rupestris, rocky cavy (13/39), Homo sapiens, human (8/39), and Bos taurus, ox (6/39) were the most frequently detected blood meals sources. Thus, Triatoma b. brasiliensis is invading and colonizing the human dwellings. Furthermore, high levels of natural infection, coupled with the detection of TcI and TcII DTUs, and also the detection of K. rupestris and H. sapiens as blood meals sources of infected T. b. brasiliensis indicate a risk of T. cruzi transmission to human populations in areas undergoing desertification.

Jacques Sevestre, Caroline Bernardi, Morgane Gillet et al.

Abstract Background Malaria is a potentially lethal parasitic disease due to infection by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles mosquito vectors. Various preventative measures may be recommended for travellers who visit endemic areas. The diagnosis is generally evoked in the context of a febrile patient returning from an endemic zone. Nevertheless, symptoms and clinical signs may be difficult to interpret, and fatal cases may only be diagnosed retrospectively with laboratory techniques, specific pathological features and patient history. The present work reports a case of fatal cerebral malaria diagnosed post-mortem, along with the techniques that allowed identification of the causative agent. Case presentation A 29 year-old male was found dead in his rental home during a vacation in Southern France. In the absence of explainable cause, an autopsy was performed, which did not retrieve major lesions. In the context of frequent business-related travels in tropical Africa, several samples were adressed for parasitological examination. Microscopy techniques, along with immunochromatographic and molecular biology assays, led to post-mortem diagnosis of fatal cerebral malaria. It was discovered in retrospect that the patient had not used preventative measures against malaria when travelling in endemic zones, and had not been provided with proper travel medicine counseling prior to his travel. Conclusion A vast proportion of imported malaria cases reported in France concerns patients who did not use preventive measures, such as bed nets, repellents or chemoprophylaxis. Given the wide availability of prevention tools in developed countries, and the important number of declared imported malaria cases, there is no doubt traveller awareness still needs to be raised. Moreover, healthcare professionals should always question travel history in febrile patients. The authors advocate for recurrent information campaigns for travellers, and physician training for a better prevention and diagnosis of malaria cases.

Raghunandanan Rama Varma, Parvathi Varma, Anil Kumar

Adriana Kaplánová

Background: Sweating, increased heart rate, fidgeting, worrying thoughts and fear of failure are typical symptoms of an inability to manage stress in an important moment of match. Thus, there is well-founded need for psychological training that can help ice hockey players to control their emotions in stressful situations. Objective: Because of a lack of research monitoring mental skills of ice hockey players, the aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, anxiety of ice hockey players and their coping strategies to manage stress. Methods: The study sample consisted of 40 male ice hockey players with age of 21.67 ± 1.94 years. The level of self-esteem was evaluated by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale RSES, anxiety was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale SAS-2, and coping strategies to manage stress were assessed by the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory ACSI-28. The study used the correlational research design with Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: We found that coping strategies to manage stress have significant relationship with at least one anxiety construct of the ice hockey players, namely coping with adversity, coachability, concentration, goal setting and mental preparation, peaking under pressure and freedom from worry. We also found that coping strategies to manage stress have significant relationship with the self-esteem of ice hockey players, namely coping with adversity, concentration and freedom from worry. Conclusion: Our research showed that the level of coping strategies to manage stress varies according to the level of self-esteem and the level of the anxiety. It seems that reduced anxiety and increased self-esteem can lead to better stress management and optimal competition performance.

Kristina Motiejūnaitė, Dalia Mickevičienė, Albertas Skurvydas et al.

The aim of the study was to establish the differences in men and women’s performance of speed-accuracy movements with their left (LH) and right (RH) hands. The research participants were 24 healthy right-handed subjects: 12 males (aged 20.8 ± 1.1 years) and 12 females (aged 21.4 ± 1.0 years). The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Human Motor Control at the Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education (LAPE) applying the analyzer of dynamic parameters of human leg and arm movement (DPA-1; Patent No. 5251; 2005 08 25), which is used for the qualitative estimation of the dynamic parameters of one arm and leg target movement, two arms and legs coordinated and independent target movements, when the resistance power and target are coded with different programmable parameters. The task was performed with the right and then with the left hand (50 repetitions with each hand). The subjects had two tasks: a) to react as quickly as possible (simple task); b) to react as quickly as possible and to hit the target on a computer screen quickly and accurately (complicated task). We registered the maximal and mean movement speed, reaction time, movement trajectory and intraindividual variability of the right and the left hands. Conclusions. There was no significant difference in accuracy between female and male subjects, thought female subjects performed speed-accuracy task more slowly than men. Both males and females performed the speed-accuracy task with their right hand faster and more accurately than with their left hand. Performing movements with different hands the indices of reaction time did not differ significantly. Both males and females performed movements with their right and left hands with the same intraindividual variability. Keywords: movement control, reaction time, speed-accuracy task, right and left hand, gender.

Dagnou Pessoa Moura, Diego Rafael Tonon, Denis Ferreira Nascimento

A flexibilidade é uma capacidade física importante para qualidade de vida da população, ajuda melhorar a postura além de reduzir riscos de lesões nas atividades diárias e esportiva. O treinamento de força aumenta o desempenho das atividades esportivas, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida, sendo fundamental para o público idoso manter sua vida útil por mais tempo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o efeito agudo do treinamento de força sobre a flexibilidade em membros inferiores. Para tal, foram selecionados 10 indivíduos homens com idade de 22 ± 2 anos, altura 174 ±0,08 centímetros, massa corporal de 74,22 ± 12,81 e percentual de gordura de 13,18, ± 7,85, todos com experiência em treinamento de força pelo menos 6 meses. O grupo realizou o teste sentar e alcançar no banco de Wells, em seguida fez uma sessão de treinamento de força para membros inferiores a 60% de 1RM e o mesmo teste sentar e alcançar 1 minuto após o término da sessão de treinamento. Houve melhora nos valores no teste de flexibilidade pós sessão de treinamento quando comparado com o teste antes da sessão de treino (p=0,000345). Conclui-se que de forma aguda, a sessão de treinamento de força para membros inferiores influência de forma positiva sobre os valores de flexibilidade da musculatura do complexo muscular isquitibial.   ABSTRACT  Acute effect of strength training on flexibility of lower limbs The flexibility is defined as quality of life, whether the magnitude of the available movement of a joint or group of joints then being limited by bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint capsules responsible for voluntary execution of a maximum angular amplitude of movement it is considered an important factor related to health, as it helps her develop and improve posture, increase the quality and quantity of movements decreasing risk of injury when it is in some extent even in favors greater mobility in daily and sports activities. Strength training increases the performance of activities and improves the daily lives and helps preserve and improve this physical quality of the population and may counteract the weakness and muscle weakness and improve mobility and flexibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of strength training on flexibility in the lower limbs. To this end, 10 individuals were selected men aged 21,67 ± 2,12, 177,78 height, ± 3,64, mass, 29,17, and ± 9,99% fat, 15,34, ± 3,69 with strength training experience at least 06 months. The group performed strength training for the lower limbs with 60% of 1RM. There was an improvement in values in the flexibility test after training session when compared to the test before the training session (p = 0.000345). It is concluded that acutely, strength training session for lower limbs influences positively the flexibility values of isquitibial muscle complex musculature.

Lars Donath, Sebastian Ludyga, Daniel Hammes et al.

Abstract Background Aging is accompanied by a decline of executive function. Aerobic exercise training induces moderate improvements of cognitive domains (i.e., attention, processing, executive function, memory) in seniors. Most conclusive data are obtained from studies with dementia or cognitive impairment. Confident detection of exercise training effects requires adequate between-day reliability and low day-to-day variability obtained from acute studies, respectively. These absolute and relative reliability measures have not yet been examined for a single aerobic training session in seniors. Methods Twenty-two healthy and physically active seniors (age: 69 ± 3 y, BMI: 24.8 ± 2.2, VO2peak: 32 ± 6 mL/kg/bodyweight) were enrolled in this randomized controlled cross-over study. A repeated between-day comparison [i.e., day 1 (habituation) vs. day 2 & day 2 vs. day 3] of executive function testing (Eriksen-Flanker-Test, Stroop-Color-Test, Digit-Span, Five-Point-Test) before and after aerobic cycling exercise at 70% of the heart rate reserve [0.7 × (HRmax – HRrest)] was conducted. Reliability measures were calculated for pre, post and change scores. Results Large between-day differences between day 1 and 2 were found for reaction times (Flanker- and Stroop Color testing) and completed figures (Five-Point test) at pre and post testing (0.002 < p < 0.05, 0.16 < ɳp 2 < 0.38). These differences notably declined when comparing day 2 and 3. Absolute between days variability (CoV) dropped from 10 to 5% when comparing day 2 vs. day 3 instead of day 1 vs. day 2. Also ICC ranges increased from day 1 vs. day 2 (0.65 < ICC < 0.87) to day 2 vs. day 3 (0.40 < ICC < 0.93). Interestingly, reliability measures for pre-post change scores were low (0.02 < ICC < 0.71). These data did not improve when comparing day 2 with day 3. During inhibition tests, reaction times showed excellent reliability values compared to the poor to fair reliability of accuracy. Conclusion Notable habituation to the whole testing procedure should be considered as it increased the reliability of different executive function tests. Change scores of executive function after acute aerobic exercise cannot be detected reliably. Large intra- and inter-individual of responses to acute aerobic exercise in seniors can be presumed.

Biomédica revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud

Ekström W, Samuelsson B, Ponzer S et al.

Wilhelmina Ekstr&ouml;m,1 Bodil Samuelsson,2 Sari Ponzer,3 Tommy Cederholm,4,5 Karl-G&ouml;ran Thorngren,6 Margareta Hedstr&ouml;m7 1Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, 3Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Institutet, S&ouml;dersjukhuset, Stockholm, 4Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 5Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 6Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, 7Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Objectives: To evaluate potential sex differences and other factors associated with complications within 4 months after a hip fracture.Methods: A total of 1,915 patients &ge;65 years (480 men) with hip fracture were consecutively included in a prospective multicenter cohort study. A review of medical records and patient interviews according to a study protocol based on the Standardized Audit of Hip Fractures in Europe (SAHFE, RIKSH&Ouml;FT) was performed. Sex differences in comorbidity according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists score and complications 4 months after a hip fracture were registered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to complications.Results: Male sex was associated with worse general health according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (P=0.005) and with more comorbidities (P&lt;0.001). Male sex emerged as a risk factor for developing pneumonia (P&lt;0.001), and additionally, 18% of the men suffered from cardiac complications compared with 13% of the females (P=0.018). Female sex was predisposed for urinary tract infections, 30% vs 23% in males (P=0.001). Mortality was higher in the male vs female group, both within 30 days (15% vs 10%, P=0.001) and at 4 months (24% vs 14%, P=0.001). Conditions associated with pneumonia were male sex, pulmonary disease, and cognitive impairment. Cardiac complications were associated with delayed surgery and cardiovascular and pulmonary disease.Conclusion: Before surgery, men with hip fracture already have a poorer health status and higher comorbidity rate than women, thus resulting in a twofold increased risk of pneumonia. Cognitive dysfunction and pulmonary disease contributed to pneumonia in men. Delayed surgery seems to increase the risk for cardiac complications. It is important to consider the sex perspective early on together with cardiopulmonary comorbidity and cognitive dysfunction to be able to counteract serious complications that may lead to death. Keywords: hip fracture, male sex, complications, associated factors&nbsp;

Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell, Watson Hermann Martins, Vanessa Silva-Moraes et al.

INTRODUCTION: The correlation between the immunological assay and the antibody titer can offer a tool for the experimental analysis of different phases of the disease. METHODS: Two simple immunological assays for Schistosoma mansoni in mice sera samples based on specific IgG detection for worms soluble antigens and eggs soluble antigens were standardized and evaluated in our laboratory. Fifty mice were used in negative and positive groups and the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assays were compared with the number of worms counted and the IgG titers at different times of infection. RESULTS: Data showed that ELISA using adult worm antigens (ELISA-SWAP) presented a satisfactory correlation between the absorbance value of IgG titers and the individual number of worms counted after perfusion technique (R²=0.62). In addition, ELISA-SWAP differentially detected positive samples with 30 and 60 days post infection (p=0.011 and 0.003, respectively), whereas ELISA using egg antigens (ELISA-SEA) detected samples after 140 days (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the use of different antigens in immunological methods can be used as potential tools for the analysis of the chronological evolution of S. mansoni infection in murine schistosomiasis. Correlations with human schistosomiasis are discussed.

J. Kearse MD, M. Armitage MD, M. Suk MD, JD, MPH et al.

Insufficiency fractures are beginning to emerge in case reports of patients on long-term bisphosphonate therapy. The side effects associated with the long-term use of bisphosphonates were once thought to only involve renal and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and osteonecrosis of the jaw, but it is becoming clear that the very condition bisphosphonates were meant to treat could be causing another, trading insufficiency fractures for another type of insufficiency fracture. We review the literature concerning this surprising trend in addition to providing 2 case reports and conclude that these fractures do occur, that they can heal uneventfully, and that further research is needed to determine optimum treatment algorithms concerning duration of treatment and to weigh the potential benefits and morbidity of bisphosphonate treatment.

M. J. S. Silva, A. S. Rabelo, R. G. S. Vale et al.

The objective of the present study was to verify the correlation level among the max, the relative fat and the profile lipídico of 51 Cadets (Age = 23.63 3.58 years; Weight = 74.13 ± 10.46 kg; Height = 1.76 ± 0.06 m; IMC = 23.99 2.76 kg/m2), of the masculine gender, of the Academy of the Military police of the State of Rio de Janeiro, of the year of 2007. The subjects were active and participants of the military physical training (TFM) accomplished five times a week, with duration of 60 minutes for session. They were appraised: the max for ergoespirometria (I record of progressive effort, with constant inclination of 3% and initial speed of 4,0km/h), the relative fat (% G - I record of three cutaneous folds) and the profile lipídico, through the method Enzymatic Calorimétrico in the variables: total cholesterol (CT), triglicérides (TG), lipoproteína of density high-cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoproteína of density low-cholesterol (LDL-C). The test of correlation of Spearman presented correlation significant between max and TG (r = -0,289; p = 0,04),  max and HDL-C (r = 0,277; p = 0,049),% G and TG (r = 0,296; p = 0,035),% G and HDL-C (r = 0,338; p = 0,015). Like this, these discoveries point a discreet relationship between the profile lipídico and the maximum consumption of oxygen corroborating the need to consider other factors as the feeding and the intensity of the exercises in the investigation of this relationship. Key Words: training,  VO2 max, relative fat, lipidic profile.

Camandaroba Edson Luiz Paes, Campos Rozália Figueira, Magalhães Juracy Barbosa et al.

The clonal structure of the Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, biodeme Type III and zymodeme 1, was analyzed in order to characterize its populations and to establish its homogeneity or heterogeneity. Seven isolated clones presented the basic characteristics of Biodeme Type III, with the same patterns of parasitemic curves, tissue tropism to skeletal muscle and myocardium, high pathogenicity with extensive necrotic-inflammatory lesions from the 20th to 30th day of infection. The parental strain and its clones C1, C3, C4 and C6, determined the higher levels of parasitemia, 20 to 30 days of infection, with high mortality rate up to 30 days (79 to 100%); clones C2, C5 and C7 presented lower levels of parasitemia, with low mortality rates (7.6 to 23%). Isoenzymic patterns, characteristic of zymodeme 1, (Z1) were similar for the parental strain and its seven clones. Results point to a phenotypic homogeneity of the clones isolated from the Colombian strain and suggest the predominance of a principal clone, responsible for the biological behavior of the parental strain and clones.

Leon Cardeman, M.R.Q. de Kastener, Sheila Cardeman et al.

Ao curso de um surto epizoótico de febre amarela acontecido no ano de 1973 nas regiões norte e centro-oeste do Brasil, foram feitos exames histopatológicos de material de fígado de casos suspeitos, retirados por viscerotomia e necropsias. Foram diagnosticados 57 casos positivos. Os exames histopatológicos demonstraram que não existe diferença da doença entre os casos da África e da América do Sul. O diagnóstico histopatológico continua baseado no fígado, na lesão de Councilman, na hiperplasia e hipertrofia das células de Kupfer, nas inclusões nucleares de Magarino Torres, no sinal de Eudoro Villela nos casos de longa duração. Não houve diferença histológica entre os casos descritos nas epidemias de F.A. urbana e os surtos epidêmicos e enzoóticos de F.A. silvestre nos últimos 43 anos.<br>During an epizootic outbreak of yellow fever ocurred in the year of 1973 in the north and middte west regions of Brazil, histopatological slides of liver material were made from suspected cases removed by viscerotomy and necropsies. There where diagnosed 57 positive cases. The histopatological slides demonstrated that there are no differences between the cases of the disease in Africa and South America. The histopatological diagnosis goes on based on the Hver, in the Councilman lesion, in hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the Kupfer cells, in delayed cases. There was no histological difference between the cases described in urban yellow fever epidemics and epidemic andenzootic outbreaks of jungle yellow fever in the last 43 years.