Hasil untuk "Sociology"

Arifin, I Nyoman Jampel, Dewa Bagus Sanjaya et al.

Principal learning leadership is an important factor in improving the quality of education, but its implementation in remote areas still faces various structural and resource limitations. This study aims to describe the learning leadership practices of school principals in schools in remote areas of South Central Timor Regency, analyze adaptive strategies applied in managing learning in the midst of limitations, and formulate its conceptual contribution to the development of educational leadership theory. This study uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design in three schools. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals and teachers, observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically to identify patterns of practice and leadership strategies. The results of the study show that learning leadership practices run in diverse and contextual forms. School principals continue to carry out the functions of supervision and management of learning, but their intensity and quality are influenced by personal capacity, structural support such as infrastructure and access to training, and government policies. Adaptive strategies that emerge include strengthening internal solidarity, self-training, and orientation to the sustainability of educational services in the midst of limitations. This study concludes that learning leadership in remote areas is adaptive and contextual, so its development needs to consider geographical, social, and structural factors to be in harmony with the reality of the field.

Yunrong Pu, Kuo Zhang, Xiaoliu Jiang

While negative life events’(NLEs’) impact on vulnerable children’s mental health has been studied, the role of moderating variables remains unclear. Synthesizing the current evidence is critical to advancing understanding. Accordingly, this study conducted a meta-analysis utilizing a random-effects model across 77 studies, which collectively encompassed 119 effect sizes, to elucidate the connections between NLEs and mental health indicators among distressed children. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between NLEs and negative indicators of mental health (<i>r</i> = 0.42), reflecting strong and consistent associations. In contrast, NLEs were associated with a significant negative correlation with positive indicators of mental health (<i>r</i> = −0.25), reflecting weak and variable associations. Furthermore, the relationship between NLEs and the mental health of vulnerable children was found to be consistent across various age groups and subpopulations. These findings lay the groundwork for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at enhancing the mental well-being of vulnerable children.

Bi - Claude Évariste ZAN , Laminou OUMAROU

L’étude explore les perceptions des populations locales face au développement du tourisme balnéaire à San Pedro (Côte d’Ivoire). En se distinguant par une méthodologie mixte de type exploratoire, elle identifie trois sortes de perceptions : positive, négative et ambivalente. L’hypothèse, selon laquelle les perceptions sont simultanément favorables et défavorables, est rejetée en raison d’une distribution statistique non significative. L’étude met en lumière le décalage entre les textes réglementaires encadrant le tourisme et les réalités vécues sur le terrain, en ouvrant la voie à une réflexion sur la nécessité d’une gouvernance inclusive, d’une régulation renforcée et d’une valorisation des savoirs locaux.

Константин Александрович Галкин

Статья представляет исследование, нацеленное на анализ процессов формирования агентности и адаптации у пожилых и у молодых людей в условиях пандемии. Автор ставит своей целью выявить и проанализировать процессы адаптации к ситуации пандемии и связанных с ней ограничений. Работа опирается на материалы полуструктурированных интервью с молодежью и пожилыми людьми, собранных в период с февраля по июль 2023 г. Агентность рассматривается как набор различных действий индивидов и ответственность за них, в рамках этого подхода автор анализирует трансформацию агентности в двух группах населения, а также изучает их взаимодействие с окружающей средой во время COVID-19. Результаты исследования позволяют утверждать, что как пожилые, так и молодые люди стремились трансформировать свою агентность, адаптируя ее к условиям пандемии, принимая ограничительные меры и получая лечение. Трансформация агентности приводила к изменениям в их поведении и повседневной жизни. Для молодежи эта адаптация чаще всего была временной, в то время как для пожилых людей она стала неотъемлемой частью жизни, связанной с ограничивающим воздействием медицины. Пожилые люди в целом были более склонны принимать произошедшие изменения и адаптироваться к ним, тогда как молодые участники исследования проявляли большую гибкость и сохраняли критический взгляд на ситуацию, стараясь адаптироваться к новым условиям, одновременно осознавая и анализируя созданные пандемией проблемы и сложности.

Vitalii Bryzhnik

A short article by Max Horkheimer, a well-known German neo-Marxist social philosopher and one of the founders of critical social theory, was published in the eighth issue of the Frankfurter Studentenzeitung, the student newspaper of the University of Frankfurt, which was published in December 1951. This text is another work of the Frankfurt thinker from his cycle of philosophical and educational works devoted to the philosophical consideration of such a spiritually influential phenomenon of German culture as the German university. Horkheimer continued his line of ideological orientation towards the concept of das Studium in German educational philosophy when he was rector of the University of Frankfurt in the early fifties of the last century. The German philosopher defined the theoretical connection that should bind together philosophy as theoretical knowledge that emancipates human consciousness from the pressure of totalitarian, ruling ideology, and sociology as a science that is able to provide society, which has embarked on the path of humanistic transformations in its environment, with relevant positive scientific and objective knowledge. The theoretical basis of Horkheimer's next philosophical and educational work, his speech "Academic Studies at University" (1952), was outlined in general terms here. The Frankfurt philosopher, ideologically relying on the tradition of German university education to cherish an educated person’s freedom from excessive social and political power, set out the German intellectual's fundamental demand to separate the socio-cultural (spiritual) space of university education from the influence of the unity of ideological components of post-totalitarian society. According to Horkheimer, this ideological unity should be overcome by a new theoretical unity - a combination of philosophy, which is characterised by the use of free subjective thinking of an individual, and sociology, which as a science cognises in an objective way. It will result in such social upbringing of young people that will lead to the beginning of humanistic socio-cultural changes in a post-totalitarian society

V. A. Martinovich

In sociology of religion, there are few works on the quantitative analysis of the reactions of the main social institutions to the phenomenon of religiosity. Social representations and illusions about non-traditional religiosity are formed within the boundaries of many unrelated and uncoordinated reactions of representatives of each institution. The logic of choosing the object of reactions among the existing religious organizations reflects both the specifics of the social institution and external influences, i.e., the social context. The article aims at identifying the institutional specifics of the reactions of traditional religions to non-traditional religiosity based on the analysis of the perception of new religious movements by the Orthodox and Catholic churches in the Republic of Belarus in 1992-2020. The content analysis was used to analyze 715 books, articles in the media, leaflets, proceeding of conferences and other publications of churches on new religions. The author argues that 407 groups were identified, and their configuration reflects the selective attention of traditional confessions to new religions; presents their distribution according to the structural and content characteristics, recursiveness and frequency of mentions, the status of authors in the hierarchy of churches, the influence of foreign articles reprinted in the Belarusian media. The author identifies the institutional specifics of the perception of new religions by religious organizations as criticism from the standpoint of their own dogma; moreover, the features of the past and contemporary life of Christian churches make them primarily respond to the intra-church sectarianism, Christian and pseudoChristian groups, then to neo-paganism and groups of magic, divination and healing, Satanism and occult-mystical groups. The article mentions external and internal factors determining the churches’ perception of new religious organizations in a non-typical form, and the range of variability of the antisectarian discourse of the Orthodox and Catholic churches.

Sven ILLERIS

The purpose of this contribution is to discuss what roles the different economic sectors, and in particular services activities (the tertiary sector) play in regional develop ment, understood as growth in production, incomes and employment in weakly developed regions. This question is approached in two ways. The contribution first contains a - primarily theoretical - re-examination of the so-called economic base model, which states that services play a passive role in regional development. The discussion leads to substantial modifications of the model. The second approach is more empirical. It will take as its point of departure the proposition - often heard, but rarely examined - that since service activities are more concentrated in big cities than other activities and in recent decades have shown higher growth rates than other economic activities, it follows that the economic development is now pulled towards big city regions. Examined by way of a statistical analysis in Denmark and France, this proposition could not be verified.

Mulizar Mulizar, Asmuni Asmuni, Dhiauddin Tanjung

This paper discusses the dynamics of punishment for khalwat perpetrators which is habitually inclined to implement the rule of law underlined in Aceh. The aim of this research is to analyze the provision of legal sanctions carried out by Acehnese for khalwat perpetrators based on the maqashid sharia perspective. This study was conducted by using empirical juridical research with law sociology approach, and the source of the main data was an interview which was completed by supporting data such as significant articles related to the khalwat cases in Aceh. The results of this study point out that normatively the provision of sanctions for khalwat perpetrators in Aceh are regulated into two forms, namely Jinayat Law Qanun, and the Development of Traditional Life and Custom Qanun. Each of these regulations has differences in the provision of law sanctions for the khalwat perpetrators that cause law dualism. Practically, the sanctions determined by Acehnese for the khalwat perpetrators are various depending on each region. There are four kinds of sanctions enforcement, namely; First: Jinayat Law Qanun, Second: Customary Law, Third: the sanction of punishment in the name of customary law, Fourth: persecution. Based on maqashid al sharia aspect, some of these punishments are considered not in accordance with sharia principles, law of persecution, and in the name of customary law. Indeed, these regulations tend to be decided arbitrarily and even followed by torture.

Clément Barbier

Built on a cross-national sociological research that retraces the genesis of two large-scale urban renewal projects in the urban areas of Lille and Hamburg, this article shows to what extent they might be considered as gentrification policies and as a way to question this analytical category. Even if both—Union and IBA Hamburg—projects imply the social and symbolic triage of firms and populations that are legitimate to occupy the targeted neighbourhoods, the coalitions of actors who try to turn these “problem areas” into symbols of “metropolitan attractiveness” are far from acting in a coherent, omnipotent and unequivocal way. The processes of eviction and of real estate value-creation or -destruction throughout the design and implementation of these large-scale urban projects are the result of the action of these public-private coalitions as well as the consequence of their inaction and their (relative) incapacity to actually govern people and capital flows. Therefore, the (in)capacities of local governments to remove populations and businesses from these districts or to enhance the market and symbolic value of these spaces depends on the social and economic embeddedness of these policies.

Irina V. Lashuk, Elena V. Taranova

<p class="91">This article presents theoretical and methodological justification for the sociological analysis of the culture in the modern society. Social studies allow us to analyze the sphere of culture on two different levels: on a symbolic level where the culture is represented in the form of ideas, values, images and exists in the encrypted format, and on a behavioral level where the encrypted values and rules are expressed through real behavioral models. The sociological analysis of culture in the modern society can be performed using the behavioral models of social groups in different fields. These models show us, on the one hand, how values, standards and rules of particular community are being decrypted into real-life, everyday activities, and, on the other hand, how this activities can be encrypted back into the cultural code in the future and how it will affect the following generations. The authors of this article developed a conceptual model and an operational model to analyze social and cultural structure of Belorussian society: 10.6% of the respondents turned out to be “socially and culturally active” (which means that they use existing resources to the highest possible extent); 30.5% turned out to be “mostly active”; 49.5% - “mostly passive”, and 9.3% - “mostly inactive”. This analysis allowed to determine the character of interaction between the social and cultural processes and the economic processes in the context of the development of the Republic of Belarus. It is proven that the respondents with higher social and cultural activity level also show higher economic activity level and strive to improve the quality of their lives.</p>

Flávia Silva Clemente

<p>No presente artigo analisaremos a execução do Programa de Proteção a Vítimas e Testemunhas Ameaçadas de Morte (Provita) brasileiro, que foi formulado e executado pela organização não governamental, Gabinete de Assessoria Jurídica às Organizações Populares (GAJOP). Seu objetivo principal foi conhecer como os elementos do ideário neoliberal estão expressos nessa execução do Provita, que por meio de uma análise documental, concluímos pela necessidade de realização de mudanças no programa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves:</strong> Neoliberalismo. Estado. Sociedade Civil. Provita.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> In this article we will analyze the implementation of a Protection Program for victims and witnesses threatened with death (PROVITA), created and developed in Brazil by GAJOP, a non-governmental organization that works with legal counsel for popular organizations. The main objective of this article is to understand how the elements of neoliberal ideas are expressed in PROVITA’s implementation. Document analysis was the methodological choice used, which points the need to make change in the program.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Neoliberalism, State and civil society</p>

Irina N. Trofimova

<span class="4"><span lang="EN-US">This paper studies the settlement-type factor that affects the formation of value orientations and related political attitudes of Russians. There is a deep intersettlement differentiation in modern Russia. The typology of settlements takes into account not only the structural elements but also their level of development. The agglomeration of Moscow and Saint Petersburg are at the top of the hierarchical system of settlements. The dissemination of innovations in the social space of Russia derives from the largest and most developed to the less developed types of communities. Different types of settlements determine the specificity of value orientations, which the current article discusses as models of “megalopolis” and “remote place”. These models detect unifying and dividing values that are located in the complex and contradictory interaction and dynamics. The majority of Russians are united in their quest for social justice and stability. At the same time, the residents of the metropolis have a more pronounced focus on the individual, rational, and activist values, whereas the residents of the provinces have collectivist, regulatory, and paternalistic values. In addition, the value structure of the residents of the metropolis is characterised by its diversity, simultaneous presence of the values and attitudes of the liberal, conservative and social-democratic orientation, the possibility of choice and, consequently, greater individual freedom Megacities concentrate resources to develop new guidelines to form the value of the future, whereas the province provides stability and continuity A balance between these two opposites can ensure dynamism and the continuity of social development.</span></span>

Florence Toussaint

El presente artículo se propone exponer, de manera resumida, dos aspectos de la televisión pública en México, Venezuela y Brasil: 1. La historia del surgimiento de los canales, aquí también llamados instituciones mediáticas, entreverada con las decisiones políticas de los Estados y gobiernos, junto con la existencia actual de las instituciones televisivas surgidas de dichas políticas y que las expresan. 2. Los gobiernos y las leyes emanadas de la historia y la política. El objetivo central es mostrar la estrecha vinculación entre política y mantenimiento de instituciones, así como señalar las contradicciones o coincidencias entre las leyes y la realidad.

Aldo Schiavello

El artículo está dedicado a tres observaciones críticas sobre la concepción de la coherencia defendida por Amaya. Estas observaciones se refieren a: a) la supuesta incompatibilidad entre la coherencia y la concepción instrumental de la razón práctica; b) la aspiración a la best explanation y, finalmente, c) al vínculo entre la coherencia y la responsabilidad epistémica.

Silvia Carrasco Pons, Jordi Pàmies Rovira, Àbel Beremenyi et al.

El aumento de la movilidad del alumnado de las etapas preuniversitarias y, en especial, en los niveles de enseñanza obligatoria, se ha considerado una de las problemáticas más destacadas de la última década en España. Los procesos de incorporación del alumnado con movilidad y su gestión se perciben y se tratan de forma diversa desde las administraciones autonómicas y municipales, y también desde los centros educativos. En este contexto, se han popularizado expresiones para definir esta movilidad como “matrícula viva”, aplicadas al alumnado que se mueve entre los centros educativos fuera del periodo oficial de preinscripción. Así, no se suele concebir la movilidad como un proceso estructuralmente vinculado a las dinámicas socioeconómicas actuales y a los cambios en la estructura productiva y el mercado laboral, o a factores residenciales vinculados o no con los procesos anteriores, sino más bien como un problema esencialmente relacionado con las migraciones internacionales y su gestión a nivel local. Este artículo muestra parte de los resultados obtenidos en una investigación realizada en la provincia de Barcelona centrada en el alcance y las dinámicas de la movilidad del alumnado, las motivaciones y estrategias de las familias y las condiciones de escolarización desde la perspectiva de la gestión municipal. El análisis comparativo a partir de la explotación de datos existentes, las entrevistas con agentes clave de diversos niveles de la administración autonómica y local y los docentes y familias involucradas en estos procesos de movilidad, han permitido reconstruir las diferentes dimensiones subyacentes al fenómeno y poner de manifiesto la complejidad del mismo. Los resultados de este estudio, primero realizado en España sobre la movilidad del alumnado y la gestión de su escolarización, permiten concluir que la movilidad del alumnado corresponde en gran medida a diversas estrategias adaptativas que incluyen también a la población de nacionalidad española, señalan claras diferencias y límites en las respuestas llevadas a cabo en la gestión local de la escolarización y sitúan su análisis en el debate de los derechos educativos.

Sébastien Thibault

Agamben a montré qu’on ne pouvait saisir la véritable contemporanéité d’un être, d’un évènement, d’une chose en dehors d’une certaine forme paradoxale d’ « inactualité » par où ceux-ci apparaissent comme déphasés par rapport à l’époque et que c’est dans ce déphasage même qu’un regard véritablement contemporain aiguise son acuité. Par le geste de citation s’enracinant dans l’élément d’inactualité propre au contemporain, certaines expériences passées oubliées ou déchues dans l’enfer du conformisme (la mode) conquièrent une faculté d’exigence quant à la « faible force messianique » dévolue à chaque nouvelle génération combattante qui les cite [Benjamin] ; ainsi être contemporain de son époque, c’est interrompre le cours historique et linéaire de celle-ci pour se plonger dans l’essentielle « interpolation d’un présent » capable de renouer des alliances secrètes avec des figures vaincues, oubliées ou dévoyées de l’historiographie dominante. Nous faisons ici l’hypothèse que le concept de contemporain tel que façonné par Agamben à l’aune de la philosophie de l’histoire benjaminienne constitue une clé herméneutique de premier ordre pour appréhender les gestes les plus radicaux des tendances avancées travaillant souterrainement les industries culturelles comme la pop’ music (ainsi par exemple de la récente tournée acoustique du groupe suisse les Young Gods).

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Georg Glasze, Philip Graze

Policy and Practice Perspective

Rafael Sánchez