Hasil untuk "Shipment of goods. Delivery of goods"

Yu Takiguchi, Koji Nemoto

The spatial public goods game has been used to examine factors that promote cooperation. Owing to the complexity of the dynamics of this game, previous studies on this model neglected analytical approaches and relied entirely on numerical calculations using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In this paper, we present the approximate master equations (AMEs) for this model. We report that the results obtained by the AMEs are mostly qualitatively consistent with those obtained by the MC simulations. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to obtain phase boundaries analytically in certain parameter regions. In the region where the noise in strategy decisions is very large, the phase boundary can be obtained analytically by considering perturbations from the steady state of the voter model. In the noiseless region, discontinuous phase transitions occur because of the characteristics of the function that represents strategy updating. Our approach is useful for clarifying the details of the mechanisms that promote cooperation and can be easily applied to other group interaction models.

Gladys N. Mahache, Chengedzai Mafini, Irvine Langton

Background: South African municipalities face numerous supply chain management (SCM) challenges that limit their effectiveness and efficiency in executing their service delivery mandate. Applying appropriate SCM models is an important step towards optimising service delivery quality (SDQ). Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of SCM dimensions on SDQ in selected South African municipalities. Method: A quantitative method was employed using 315 purposively selected SCM role-players drawn from municipalities in two South African provinces. The collected data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the hypothesised relationships. Results: The results show that the SCM dimensions, which include strategic supplier partnership, information sharing and supply chain innovation, positively impacted supply chain robustness (SCR) and, in turn, positively linked with SDQ. However, customer relationships, cross-functional teams, strategic sourcing and internal lean practices negatively impacted SCR. Similarly, SCR significantly mediated the relationships between information sharing, strategic supplier partnership, supply chain innovation and service delivery. Conclusion: The study identifies SCM dimensions that are critical drivers of municipal service delivery. It further reveals how the robustness of municipal supply chains enriches service delivery by mediating its relationship with SCM. Contribution: This study emphasises the importance of SCM in the fulfilment of service delivery imperatives in municipalities. Its results will aid in the strategic implementation of relevant SCM practices in South African municipalities.

Chengqi Zang, Gabriel P. Andrade, Oğuzhan Ersoy

We study decentralized markets for goods whose utility perishes in time, with compute as a primary motivation. Recent advances in reproducible and verifiable execution allow jobs to pause, verify, and resume across heterogeneous hardware, which allow us to treat compute as time indexed capacity rather than bespoke bundles. We design an automated market maker (AMM) that posts an hourly price as a concave function of load--the ratio of current demand to a "floor supply" (providers willing to work at a preset floor). This mechanism decouples price discovery from allocation and yields transparent, low latency trading. We establish existence and uniqueness of equilibrium quotes and give conditions under which the equilibrium is admissible (i.e. active supply weakly exceeds demand). To align incentives, we pair a premium sharing pool (base cost plus a pro rata share of contemporaneous surplus) with a Cheapest Feasible Matching (CFM) rule; under mild assumptions, providers optimally stake early and fully while truthfully report costs. Despite being simple and computationally efficient, we show that CFM attains bounded worst case regret relative to an optimal benchmark.

Hadi Hosseini, Aditi Sethia

Equitable allocation of indivisible items involves partitioning the items among agents such that everyone derives (almost) equal utility. We consider the approximate notion of \textit{equitability up to one item} (EQ1) and focus on the settings containing mixtures of items (goods and chores), where an agent may derive positive, negative, or zero utility from an item. We first show that -- in stark contrast to the goods-only and chores-only settings -- an EQ1 allocation may not exist even for additive $\{-1,1\}$ bivalued instances, and its corresponding decision problem is computationally intractable. We focus on a natural domain of normalized valuations where the value of the entire set of items is constant for all agents. On the algorithmic side, we show that an EQ1 allocation can be computed efficiently for (i) $\{-1, 0, 1\}$ normalized valuations, (ii) objective but non-normalized valuations, (iii) two agents with type-normalized valuations. Previously, EQX allocations were known to exist only for 2 agents and objective valuations, while the case of subjective valuations remained computationally intractable even with two agents. We make progress by presenting an efficient algorithm that outputs an EQX allocation for $\{-1,1\}$ normalized subjective valuations for any number of agents. We complement our study by providing a comprehensive picture of achieving EQ1 allocations in conjunction with economic efficiency notions such as Pareto optimality and social welfare.

Muhammad Aris Kastian, Rita Pakonglean, Andi Ningrat et al.

The export logistics process in seaborne shipping is highly complex, influenced by numerous factors that can affect efficiency, timeliness, and safety of shipments. Freight forwarders, such as PT. Q Logs Indonesia, play a crucial role in managing and ensuring the smooth movement of export shipments across borders. This study aims to identify and analyze key factors that contribute to disruptions in the shipping process, using the Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram as a tool. The diagram categorizes potential causes into six main areas: Man (Human Resources), Method (Work Methods), Machine (Equipment and Systems), Materials (Documents and Goods), Mother Nature (Environmental and Regulatory Factors), and Management (Policy and Coordination). Data was collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research identifies several root causes of logistical inefficiencies, including inadequate training, inefficient procedures, outdated systems, document errors, regulatory changes, and mismanagement. By mapping these issues using the Fishbone diagram, the study provides valuable insights into the underlying causes of delays and disruptions in the export logistics process. The findings offer practical recommendations for PT. Q Logs Indonesia to address operational bottlenecks, streamline procedures, and improve the overall reliability and efficiency of seaborne export logistics. These insights are expected to help the company optimize its export operations, reduce delays, and enhance service delivery to customers.

Argyrios Deligkas, E. Eiben, Tiger-Lily Goldsmith et al.

We study the problem of finding fair allocations -- EF1 and EFX -- of indivisible goods with orientations. In an orientation, every agent gets items from their own predetermined set. For EF1, we show that EF1 orientations always exist when agents have monotone valuations, via a pseudopolynomial-time algorithm. This surprisingly positive result is the main contribution of our paper. We complement this result with a comprehensive set of scenarios where our algorithm, or a slight modification of it, finds an EF1 orientation in polynomial time. For EFX, we focus on the recently proposed graph instances, where every agent corresponds to a vertex on a graph and their allowed set of items consists of the edges incident to their vertex. It was shown that finding an EFX orientation is NP-complete in general. We prove that it remains intractable even when the graph has a vertex cover of size 8, or when we have a multigraph with only 10 vertices. We essentially match these strong negative results with a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm that is virtually the best someone could hope for.

Lukas Barthelmes, M. Görgülü, Martin Kagerbauer et al.

City logistics plays a central role in supplying and disposing goods for establishments and residents in urban areas. However, the steadily rising demand for transporting goods puts cities under pressure. Hence, municipalities strive for alternative solutions for urban freight transport, especially parcel shipments on the first and last mile. Freight demand models are suitable to evaluate the transport-related effects of such solutions. However, developing those models requires a sufficient amount of data, which, to date, especially for establishments, cannot be covered in its necessary scope and accuracy by publicly available sources. Although parcel shipments to and from establishments make up to 40 % of the overall courier, express, and parcel market, these are often neglected in existing modelling approaches. Hence, in this study, we present a data collection concept for generating highly relevant data for the microscopic modelling of urban freight, i.e., parcel transport focusing on establishments. To reflect transport demand (i.e., establishments that need to have goods shipped) and transport supply (i.e., carriers that provide a transport service), a mixed-method approach is developed comprising complementary components. On the one hand, an online establishment survey is designed aiming to reveal disaggregated transport demand data for the subsequent modelling process. The survey focuses on the delivery and shipment characteristics of goods, such as temporal and spatial demand patterns. On the other hand, expert interviews are conceptualized to identify relevant patterns of transport supply carriers such as courier, express, and parcel service providers and shall further work as secondary data for the modelling process. The approach is applied in the region of Karlsruhe, Germany. It can be shown that the survey is generally suitable for generating freight transport data on a disaggregated level and that the mixed-method approach is capable of mutually validating the data obtained. However, our approach also emphasizes the necessity to conduct an establishment survey as a personal rather than a self-reporting interview, even if the costs are higher.

Haryanto Haryanto, Dini Wahjoe Hapsari, Nurul Hidayah

Effective internal control is crucial for optimizing the logistics process and mitigating potential financial and operational losses associated with various risks, including inventory discrepancies, delayed deliveries, and lost goods. This study examines internal control's role in minimizing logistics risks and costs within the retail sector. This research uses a qualitative approach and a descriptive method, and the findings reveal that internal control is vital for the retail industry, particularly in decreasing operational risks and managing high logistics costs. By implementing standardized procedures, companies can enhance the efficiency of inventory management, distribution, and storage, thereby reducing the likelihood of loss or inaccuracies in stock data. Furthermore, the segregation of duties safeguards against fraud and improves overall accuracy. Internal control also fosters cost-efficiency by optimizing inventory management, employing technology for real-time monitoring of shipments and distribution, and better overseeing transportation budgets. Additionally, it ensures adherence to relevant regulations and legal standards, promotes transparency and accountability within the logistics process, and bolsters the organization's integrity. Thus, internal control significantly contributes to effective risk management, cost efficiency, and the sustainability of businesses in the retail sector.

Ms. D. B. Chavan, Mr. A. S. Jadhav, Mr. A. D. Patil et al.

Transport management systems are essential for ensuring the safe and efficient flow of transportation. These systems use a combination of technology, infrastructure, and management strategies to monitor and control transportation, reduce congestion, and improve overall safety business deals. By utilizing data Transport Management System can provide valuable information to re- tailer or industry persons, help to coordinate transportation of materials/equipments efficiently, and optimize required information. These systems play a crucial role in dealing with campanies and transportation management, helping to enhance the overall quality of clearance of deals and effective management of transportation for material owner and industry persons. With the in- creasing efficiency of transportation and growing demands on transportation networks, the need for effective Transport Management Systems has been greater. A transportation management system (TMS) is software that helps in planning and executing the physical movement of goods, including delivery planning, carrier management, and shipment tracking.

Inger Beate Hovi, Daniel Ruben Pinchasik

Abstract The present article investigates corona crisis disruptions and consequences for freight transport demand, using shipment data from major logistic service providers in Norway, as well as interviews. We investigate how Covid-19 affected demand for freight transport and transport volumes in different segments, changes for parcel delivery, home-deliveries, which industries were most affected and discussed main issues for LSPs in maintaining robust transport chains. We find temporary reductions in B2B deliveries after the first Norwegian societal lockdown but large volume increases in B2C deliveries, which remained at higher levels and saw further waves of increases. Especially home deliveries and mailbox deliveries of parcels increased, particularly in relation with new infection waves. At an aggregate level, retail trade experienced by far the largest volume increases, followed by transport and storage. The latter can in part be due to increasing low-volume import (parcels) from abroad being attributed to e.g. warehouses or customs. At the other end of the scale, wholesale trade stands out with the largest tonnage decrease, followed by manufacturing.

Nazanin Sharif, Mikael Rönnqvist, Jean-François Cordeau et al.

This paper provides a review of vessel route planning with a focus on safety considerations and the complexity of multi-objective decision-making processes. This complexity arises from the difficulty of finding an appropriate balance between several objectives and safety concerns, often conflicting, that adequately reflects the preferences of the decision makers. The maritime industry faces the challenge of enhancing vessel route optimization for safety, operational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. We thus describe quantitative methods to find routes that effectively balance multiple objectives, including safety, fuel consumption, and route duration. A significant focus is on the complexity of multi-criteria decision making in this area, highlighting various methodologies for balancing the different objectives. Safety is critical in this context, involving a thorough consideration of navigational risks, environmental factors, and compliance with International Maritime Organization regulations. Specifically, we introduce quantitative approaches for integrating key safety aspects into the decision-making process, including dynamic stability, the probability of bow slamming, and the occurrence of green water.

Maryam Lotfi, Noleen Pisa

Background: Child slavery in global supply chains is a complex problem because it involves various supply chain actors, including corporations, at different tiers, and external organisations and society. Many corporate sustainability on child labour, present a unilateral perspective which renders the development of child labour measures under the leadership of many companies tardy and inefficient. Objectives: This study conducted a comprehensive investigation into child slavery in supply chains to identify the key actors that can combat child slavery in the supply chain. Method: Thematic analysis of peer-reviewed journal articles, containing the keywords; child labour; supply chain, and child slavery; used interchangeably, based on three inclusion criteria; high frequency of relevant keywords; recent publication period; and high number of citations, was conducted. Results: Four main actors and their influence on child slavery were identified namely i.). Corporations - through industrial characteristics, strategy, corporate social responsibility obligations, and internal stakeholders; ii.). Governments – through regulations, policies, and intentions to combat child slavery; iii.). Societies - through the establishment of social benchmarks and social accountability frameworks to address the social crisis; and iv.). External organisations - such as ILO, NGOs and trade unions as the dominant actors in combatting the child slavery phenomena in supply chains. Conclusion: The findings provide a nascent conceptual model for empirical work and a foundation for descriptive and normative research on child slavery in supply chains. Contribution: The study’s contribution is the assessment of the child slavery phenomenon using a multi-stakeholder perspective to gain a better understanding of the dynamics associated with child slavery.

Yuting Dong, Zhixue He, Chen Shen et al.

Existing studies have revealed a paradoxical phenomenon in public goods games, wherein destructive agents, harming both cooperators and defectors, can unexpectedly bolster cooperation. Building upon this intriguing premise, our paper introduces a novel concept: constructive agents, which confer additional benefits to both cooperators and defectors. We investigate the impact of these agents on cooperation dynamics within the framework of public goods games. Employing replicator dynamics, we find that unlike destructive agents, the mere presence of constructive agents does not significantly alter the defective equilibrium. However, when the benefits from constructive agents are outweighed by the damage inflicted by destructive agents, the addition of constructive agents does not affect the ability of destructive agents to sustain cooperation. In this scenario, cooperators can be maintained through a cyclic dominance between cooperators, defectors, and destructive agents, with constructive agents adding complexity but not fundamentally changing the equilibrium. Conversely, if the benefits from constructive agents surpass the harm caused by destructive agents, the presence of constructive agents nullifies the ability of destructive agents to foster cooperation. Our results highlight the nuanced role of constructive agents in cooperation dynamics, emphasizing the necessity of carefully assessing incentive balances when encouraging cooperation.

K. Adegbola

This paper addresses the long-standing stochastic single-vendor, multi-manufacturer inventory control problem, using simulation optimization. It is assumed that Manufacturers producing similar goods experience very high random demand; hence, safety stock of raw materials is held in reserve in their warehouses. The vendor supplying this raw material (principal ingredients) as a policy restricts shipments to multiples of full truck load. Thus, it is necessary to take replenishment decision and coordinate delivery among these manufacturers. To solve this problem, we modeled the single vendor, single manufacturer version of the problem (AlDurgam et al., 2017) using simulation optimization techniques, which was validated numerically using parameters and results from AlDurgam et al. (2017). The simulation model was modified systematically to relax the single manufacturer assumption under two distribution policies namely, joint reorder point and vendor managed inventory. These policies were evidently modeled with stringent conditions in literature. A numerical example was provided to compare the performances of the two proposed policies, and the VMI policy was found to performed better in terms of financial savings. Lastly, we investigate the robustness of the famous continuous review (Q, R) inventory policy which is widely used in the mathematical modeling of this problem, against the common cycle assumption. The coefficient of variation is thus suggested as a judgment criterion of when to embrace simulation modeling ahead of other modeling techniques.

Angga Reza Nugraha, M.Dzikron, Iyan Bachtiar

Abstract. Goods delivery services not only make it easier for the general public but also business people, especially online or e-commerce businesses. PT. Global Jet Express with the J&T Express brand is one of the companies engaged in freight forwarding services. The services provided are in the form of goods delivery services, both in the form of documents and packages for delivery to all corners of the city, institutions and internationally, including e-commerce businesses. At one of the branches of J&T Express, namely J&T Express Antapani Branch also often receives complaints from consumers. Complaints that occurred from 2018 to 2020 have increased in each category, and the category of complaints that has the most complaints is delivery delays. The impact felt by the company is the decrease in the number of deliveries after the number of complaints that enter the customer service department. In addition, the achievement of the number of shipping transactions has not met the expectations of the company's management who set a target of 250 shipments per day or 7500 shipments per month. This can affect the income of J&T Express Antapani Branch which can decrease and affect consumer confidence in the services provided. Therefore, it is necessary to design methods and analysis that can increase customer satisfaction with J&T Express Antapani Branch. To identify problems, ServQual (ServiceQuality) and IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) models are used. Based on the calculation results of ServQual and Model IPA, there are 9 main priorities for improvement proposals using a cause and effect diagram (Fishbone). Abstrak. Jasa pengiriman barang tidak hanya memudahkan masyarakat umum namun juga pelaku bisnis terutama pelaku bisnis online atau e-commerce. PT. Global Jet Express dengan merek J&T Express merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pelayanan jasa pengiriman barang. Pelayanan yang diberikan berupa layanan pengiriman barang, baik berupa dokumen maupun paket untuk pengiriman ke seluruh penjuru kota, lembaga dan internasional termasuk bisnis e-commerce. Pada salah satu cabang dari J&T Express yaitu J&T Express Cabang Antapani juga sering menerima keluhan dari konsumen. Keluhan yang terjadi pada tahun 2018 sampai tahun 2020 mengalami kenaikan pada setiap kategori nya, dan kategori keluhan yang paling banyak adalah keterlambatan. Dampak yang dirasakan oleh perusahaan yaitu menurunnya jumlah pengiriman setelah banyaknya komplain yang masuk ke bagian customer service. Selain itu pencapaian jumlah transaksi pengiriman tersebut belum memenuhi harapan dari manajemen perusahaan yang menetapkan target sebesar 250 pengiriman pada setiap hari nya atau 7500 pengiriman pada setiap bulan nya. Hal tersebut dapat berpengaruh kepada pendapatan J&T Express Cabang Antapani yang dapat mengalami penurunan dan mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen terhadap jasa pelayanan yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode dan analisis perancangan yang dapat meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen terhadap J&T Express Cabang Antapani. Untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan digunakan metode ServQual (ServiceQuality) dan Model IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ServQual dan Model IPA terdapat 9 prioritas utama untuk diberikan usulan perbaikan dengan menggunakan diagram sebab akibat (Fishbone).

Arum Sulistyorini, Ardana Putri Farahdiansari, Rio Chandra Pratama

Distribution is very important in a company, because distribution is an activity of moving goods or services from suppliers to customers. Any goods or services can be transported from one company location to a consumer location. The distance between locations can also affect the delivery process. Delivery of goods is a basic need every day that can carry out the delivery process quickly and safely so that the goods are delivered on time so that the company can get more profits. This BUMDesa has problems with the distribution of egg shipments where the distribution is still not effective and efficient. This study uses the saving matrix method to determine the most efficient and effective distance so as to save time and fuel costs. The results of this study The initial route of 65.08 Km costs Rp. 442,544 and the required fuel is 6,508 Lt. Meanwhile, the new route 56.4 will cost Rp. 383,520 and the required fuel is 5.64 Lt.

Alireza Shahedi, Federico Gallo, Mahnam Saeednia et al.

This paper addresses the problem of optimizing the transport of goods in the Physical Internet (PI) framework in a multi-modal setting using a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach. The model is specifically designed to meet the requirements related to modular shipments and PI-hubs, and in particular, determines the allocation of modular shipments to each transport mode in an intermodal setting. In doing so, parallel direct connection via road, the delivery times and the transportation costs are minimized. The model is applied to a numerical case study, to test its effectiveness to enhance freight transport efficiency within the PI framework, by exploiting, in particular, all the capacities of the available vehicles. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on some model parameters, to test its reaction to changes in the supply system and in the objective priorities. Results show that all the shipments are effectively transported between the origin and the destination terminals, they are divided into modules when necessary, and the selected transport modes, allocation strategy, and delivery times vary accordingly to the objective priorities.

Mohammed Balfaqih, Zain Balfagih, Akram A. Almohammedi et al.

The smart city concept serves the well-being of the urban population in order to improve quality of life in different life aspects including logistic services. However, the continuous growth of logistics volume combined with information opaqueness and process complexity led to challenging issues related to managing the services and information of logistics. Hence, efficient management of logistics activities with traceability and condition monitoring capabilities is required to ensure quality and safe delivery. It is necessary also to ensure the accuracy and dependability of distribution data. In this context, this paper proposes a smart and privacy-preserving logistics system for high-price goods distribution. An intelligent parcel (iParcel) containing piezoresistive sensors is developed to pack delivered goods during shipping process for violation detection such as severe fall or theft. Moreover, smart contracts based on blockchain is also developed for automatic approval and payment with the consideration of distributing the shipping information between legitimate logistics parties only. A zero-knowledge proof is used to conceal blockchain address and prove the authentication. iParcels are automatically tracked and traced in which upon violation occurrence, the contract is cancelled, and the payment is refunded. The transaction fee per party is reasonable for high-price products in the pay of guarantee successful shipment.

M. S. Novelan, Syahril Efendi, Poltak Sihombing et al.

The object of this research is a combinatorial optimization problem arising in the problem of the route of goods delivery vehicles. In this study, the proposed method for solving combinatorial optimization problems consists of several stages: Data Cleaning, Data Preprocessing, K-NN and Cavacity Vehicle Routing Problem model. The results show that the machine learning approach can optimise combinatorial optimization problems, especially in generating vehicle route points and delivery capacity. The characteristics in determining vehicle routes by considering latitude and longitude points. This research builds a framework and implements it in a multi-class optimization model to reduce overfitting and misclassification results caused by unbalanced multiclassification from the influence of the number of 'nodes' on vehicle routes with machine learning. The purpose of the model in general is to gain an understanding of the mechanism in the problem so that it can classify unbalanced vehicle route data based on Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir delivery routes. So that with the availability of the model can be a model in determining vehicle routes based on the capacity limit of the number of shipments of goods. The results of research with machine learning models and vehicle routing problems with testing K values 11, 13, 15. Where it has a percentage of K=11 accuracy 57.3265 % and K=13 accuracy 57.3265 % and K=15 accuracy 81.8645 %. From the test results with odd K values have better accuracy and the K 15 K=15 value is better with a percentage of 81.8645 % compared to K 11 K=11, and 13 K=13. As a result, the developed model in terms of accuracy of the cavacity vehicle routing problem model has an accuracy of 93.80 % and the time series achieves an average precision of 93.31 % and with a recall value of 93.80 %. The results obtained can be useful in developing a more modern model, Cavacity Vehicle Routing Problem with Machine Learning

Umar Gasing, Prasadja Ricardianto, Yosi Pahala et al.

One of the companies in freight forwarding services in Indonesia is PT Pelayaran Lintas Harmoni. It provides custom clearance services, cargo shipments and goods delivery from abroad and domestic. Due to the pandemic, the company had lessen the goods distribution activities. In order to survive, the company should pay much more attention to the customer needs. This research aims to find out the direct and indirect effect of logistics service quality and customer relationship management through customers’ satisfaction to customers’ loyalty. The research used Path Analysis and Smart PLS as the analysis tool with a total sample of 105 respondents. The sample was taken from the customers directly related to the importer’s department. The results show that the study has a direct, indirect and significant influence on customers’ loyalty of the logistics service quality and customer relationship management by making the customers satisfied. It shows that the quality of logistics services not only measure the physical attributes but also focus more on how to approach the customers and find out about their needs.