Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

Mehmet Kavak

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Artuklular devrinde yaşamış çok yönlü bir alim ve aynı zamanda hekim olan İbn İlalmış’ın (1178-1242) yazdığı Târîhu Duneyser adlı biyografi (tabakât) kitabından hareketle Duneyser (Kızıltepe/Mardin) coğrafyasında aktif hekimlik yapan 8 hekimin biyografisi ele alınacaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bahsi geçen bu kitabın hekimlerle ilgili olan ve iki kısımdan oluşan yedinci bölümünün yanı sıra bu hekimlerle ilgili olarak bilgi içeren dönemin tarih, coğrafya, tabakât kitapları ve mevcut araştırmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Artuklu devrinde Mardin yöneticisi Timurtaş’ın tavsiyesiyle Hekim İlalmış’a yazdırılan ve şehrin seçkin bilginlerinin biyografisini konu edinen Târîhu Duneyser isimli kitabı kaynakların çok az bir kısmında zikredilen simaları ele alması bakımından kıymetlidir. Çalışmada adı geçen bazı hekimlerin dönemin tıp dünyasında meşhur olduğu ve eserlerinin günümüze kadar ulaştığı bilinmektedir. Kitapta farklı meslek grubundan altmış kişinin biyografisine yer verilmiş olup bunların sekizi hekimdir ve Duneyser’de aktif hekimlik yapmıştır. Bu hekimlerden ikisinin babası şehirde aktif görev yaparken Duneyser’de doğmuşlar ve hekimlik mesleğine bu şehirde başlamıştır. Sonuç: Orta Çağ’da önemli şehirler arasında sayılan Duneyser’in gerek tababet gerekse de diğer meslek grupları için uygun bir ortam olduğu söylenebilir. Bağdat ve Musul merkezli eğitim sürecinden geçmiş hekimlerin Duneyser’i tercih etmeleri bu coğrafyada bilimsel ortamı destekleyici bir idarenin olduğuna işarettir. Bu hekimlerin hem kendi aralarında hem de farklı coğrafyalardaki hekimlerle iletişimi ve hoca-öğrenci ilişkisi bilginin taşınmasında ve etkileşimde rol oynayan faktörlerdendir. Dolayısıyla

Anjali Singh, Sanjoy Majhi, Arnab Das

Background: Suryanamaskar (SN) is popular amongst recent yoga practitioners for its health benefits and fitness promises. Most previous studies have focused on the long-term pre-post effects of SN intervention on health and fitness. However, a notable gap exists regarding the immediate response of practicing SN on cardiorespiratory and neuro-cognitive functions, especially in the female population. Objectives: This study aimed to find the immediate effect of SN practice on cardiorespiratory functions and neuro-cognitive performance in healthy adult females. Material and methods: A total of 21 healthy females (aged: 18–25 years) were selected in this Quasi pre-post experimental study, guided by the CONSORT tool. Cardiorespiratory, heart rate (HR) variability, and cognitive parameters were assessed before and immediately after 45 minutes of SN session using a metabolic gas analyzer, HR sensor, and psychometric tests, respectively. Paired t-test was performed to find the difference between the pre- and post-SN responses. Results: A significant increase in average volume of oxygen consumption (VO2) (11.4 %; p < 0.01), minute ventilation (VE) (15.9 %; p < 0.001), respiratory frequency (Rf) (6.2 %; p < 0.01), respiratory quotient (RQ) (4.6 %; p < 0.01), and METS (12.4 %; p < 0.001) were observed immediately after SN session. No significant changes in blood pressure was observed. LF power (23.7 %; p < 0.01) and LF/HF ratio (79.9 %; p < 0.05) showed a significant increase along with a decrease in pNN50 % (16.9 %; p < 0.05) and HF power (16.4 %; p < 0.01) at post-SN. A significant improvement (p < 0.01) in Stroop congruent (14.78 %) and incongruent (13.7 %) reaction times was also observed immediately after the SN session. Conclusion: These findings collectively indicate that a single session of SN effectively enhanced both cardiorespiratory and cognitive functions, which can be used to improve cardiometabolic health and to train the autonomic nervous system in females.

Pradeep Gandhale, Rupesh Chikhale, Pukar Khanal et al.

Background: The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 resulted a severe threat to public health globally. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine with durable immunity, the disease transited into the endemic phase, necessitating potent antiviral therapy including a scientific basis for current traditional herbal medicine. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a pharmacoinformatic analysis of selected chemical ingredients and in-vitro evaluation of Cordyceps militaris extract against SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: C. militaris, the widely used fungus in conventional herbal medicine, was subjected to computational investigation using molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and network pharmacology analysis followed by the in-vitro assay for evaluating its anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. Results: The molecular docking analysis of C. militaris revealed the Cordycepin's highest affinity (−9.71 kcal/mol) than other molecules, i.e., Cicadapeptin-I, Cicadapeptin-II, Cordycerebroside-B, and N-Acetyl galactosamine to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. C. militaris aqueous extract could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral copy numbers by 50.24% using crude extract at 100 μg/mL concentration. Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. militaris has promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and may be explored as traditional medicine for managing the COVID-19 surge in the endemic phase.

Hyunjin Jeong, Jaewon Cho, Hyun-Jeong Ko

Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is resolved by ER DnaJ domain-containing protein 5 (ERdj5), which functions as a disulfide reductase. In a previous study, we confirmed that ERdj5 was not indispensable for the formation of intestinal epithelial cells in mice. However, studies evaluating the association of ERdj5 and growth factors are limited. In the present study, we observed changes in the proliferation of colon organoids cultured from intestinal crypts obtained from wild-type (WT) and ERdj5 knockout (KO) mice. Methods We cultured colon organoids from WT and ERdj5 KO mice, and we then assessed differentiation- and proliferation-related markers after exposure to various stimuli, such as irradiation and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand Pam3CSK4. Results Over 15 days of organoid culture, ERdj5 KO colon organoids demonstrated a similar increase in leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) expression as WT colon organoids. However, in response to Pam3CSK4-induced stress, the ERdj5 KO organoids exhibited decreased Lgr5 expression and increased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels. Moreover, after irradiation-induced stress, ERdj5 downregulated epithelial-related genes, including Lgr5, Villin 1, and Prominin 1. Conclusion Inflammation through irradiation or TLR2-induced mild or severe ER stress in both groups, whereas ERdj5 deficiency eventually led to the downregulation of Lgr5. In summary, these findings suggest that colon organoids lack the ability to mount an effective defense against various inflammatory stimuli when there is a deficiency in the ERdj5-related ER stress resolution pathway.

Bishal Debroy, Arkajit De, Somdatta Bhattacharya et al.

Background: The first emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in 1998 from Malaysia became a major concern when it came to light and resurfaced on different occasions thereafter. NiV is a bat-borne zoonotic and pleomorphic virus that causes severe infection in human and animal hosts. Studies revealed fruit bats are the major reservoirs as natural hosts and pigs as intermediate hosts for the spread of this infection. This became a major concern as the disease was characterized by high pathogenicity varying from 40% to 80% depending on its acuteness. Moreover, the solemnity lies in the fact that the infection transcends from being a mere mild illness to an acute respiratory infection leading to fatal encephalitis with a reportedly high mortality rate. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccine available against the NiV. Many antiviral drugs have been explored and developed but with limited efficacy. Methodology: In search of high-affinity ayurvedic alternatives, we conducted a pan-proteome in silico exploration of the NiV proteins for their interaction with the best-suited phytoconstituents. The toxicity prediction of thirty phytochemicals based on their LD50 value identified thirteen potential candidates. Molecular docking studies of those thirteen phytochemicals with five important NiV proteins identified Tanshinone I as the potential compound with a high binding affinity. Results: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies also aided in determining the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of the selected phytoconstituent. Interestingly, docking studies also revealed Rosmariquinone as a potent alternative to the antiviral drug Remdesivir binding the same pocket of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the NiV. A molecular dynamics simulation study of the surface glycoprotein of NiV against Tanshinone I showed a stable complex formation and significant allosteric changes in the protein structure, implying that these phytochemicals could be a natural alternative to synthetic drugs against NiV. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence based on in silico analysis that the herbal molecules showed an effect against NiV. However, it is essential to further evaluate the efficacy of this approach through cell–based experiments, organoid models, and eventually clinical trials.

Ravindra B. Ghooi

Shruti P. Nair, Chaitrali S. Panchabhai, Vrushali Panhale

Abstract Background Neck pain is one of the most frequently reported musculoskeletal complaints among adults; its prevalence in the world is ranging from 16.7 to 75.1%. It can have an impact on a person’s physical, psychological, and social well-being. Along with pain, disability, muscle weakness, and alterations in the posture, neck pain patients are likely to develop affection of the respiratory function as reported in numerous studies. However, these patients are primarily managed with a musculoskeletal perspective with little or no emphasis to the changes observed in the respiratory system. There is a paucity of literature evaluating the need for respiratory rehabilitation in these patients. Main body All relevant published literature related to respiratory dysfunction in patients with chronic neck pain were critically reviewed in this study. Patients having chronic neck pain were found to have alterations in respiratory function in terms of reduced lung volumes, reduced chest mobility, and decreased respiratory muscle strength. Various factors such as decreased cervical range of motion, decreased strength of deep neck flexors and extensors, forward head posture, and pain are known to cause these dysfunctions. Respiratory system intervention in the form of breathing re-education and respiratory exercises are significantly proven to improve treatment outcomes. Conclusion There is limited literature relating to respiratory dysfunction and its management in neck pain patients. Incorporation of both respiratory and musculoskeletal assessments can enhance their treatment outcomes. Additionally, it can be suggested to consider intervention in the form of respiratory rehabilitation while strategizing treatment goals for these patients.

Varun Malhotra, Ananyan Sampath, Danish Javed et al.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has left an array of direct physical consequences unevenly on the elderly apart from leaving a wide range of indirect consequences of mental health problems on them. This study aims to understand the effect of a Yoga-Meditation based mobile phone application intervention to reduce the duress by mental health issues via a qualitative analysis. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative succession of an explanatory sequential design of a prior quantitative study followed by a Yoga-Meditation mobile phone based intervention, where 30 participants who had mild or moderate Depression, Anxiety or Stress as assessed by DASS-21 were chosen by random sampling and were asked to take part in an interview. The interview was transcribed, coded, patterns identified and themes were created to understand the perceptions. Results: Three major schools of thought were identified and explored to understand the general perception of Mental health, COVID-19 and the intervention: a) Knowledge Axis patterns of COVID-19, which included their prior knowledge about the disease, its consequences and their cues to action based on those beliefs, b) Mental Health and Strategies to Positivity, involves all their actions to promote, restore or propagate a positive mental attitude from religious activities to physical activities and c) Application related thoughts, involved their perceptions of the app, the barriers to use and suggestions to improve. Conclusion: This study gave deeper insight into the schools of thought which will be important in designing future interventions and yoga-meditation based programs in the future, essentially for geriatric populations as it serves as a feasible simple measure for the same.

Ashwin Jayaram Shetty, K.M. Sweta, P. Bhat Ramesh

Management of burn injury is a challenging task as it can lead to considerable amount of agony and disability to the victims. An estimated annual burn incidence in India is 6–7 million. Depending on the degree of burn or the thickness of skin involved, the healing period will vary from 1 to 3 weeks. The aims of dressing in burn injury are to decrease the agony from pain in the wound, to protect or isolate the burn wound from the irritation caused by the dress worn and external environment, and to the hasten the healing of the wound. There are several established advanced dressings in use which hold the qualities of ideal contact layer dressing. Patoladi vikeshika is an attempt to bring in such contact layer dressings in Ayurveda. Patoladi vikeshika was prepared by impregnating Patoladi sikta taila, which was prepared as per Taila paka vidhi, over 10 cm × 10 cm sterile gauzes. These impregnated gauzes were packed and sterilized. The prepared Vikeshika was applied as a contact layer dressing over second-degree burn wounds of 3 patients, after cleaning with normal saline once in every 48 h. Within 4-5 dressings, wounds healed completely without any complications like infection. Patoladi vikeshika seems to have the qualities of an ideal contact layer dressing and therapeutically it has shown good results in the above cases.

Yu-Kyeong Park, Jung Hee Lee, Jae Soo Kim et al.

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative spinal condition that can have unpredictable improvement and worsening of symptoms which include low back pain, radiating pain, claudication, and degenerative lumbar scoliosis affecting quality of life. In this study, thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) was used as a conservative treatment for LSS in combination with complex Korean medicine treatments (acupuncture, herbal medicines, and physical therapy). The treatment was evaluated using the numerical rating scale, walking distance and duration, and inclination of radiological lumbar scoliosis according to antalgic posture. TEA was performed 27 times between June 8, 2020, and March 16, 2021. The patient showed improvement in numerical rating scale score from 7 to 2, pain-free walking distance from 10 m to 900 m, and scoliosis inclination following treatment. The findings of this study suggest that TEA may be helpful in the treatment of LSS.

Aram Jeong, Beom-Chan Park, Hee-Yeon Kim et al.

Background: Some experimental studies have established the effect of oysters on the promotion of body growth. Yet, there is a lack of human clinical studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a fermented oyster (FO) extract on the increase in the height of children with stature in the 25th percentile by age. Methods: In total, 100 children (6–11 years old) were randomly divided into two (FO or control) groups. For 24 weeks, the subjects in the FO group took the FO extract once daily before sleeping, whereas the control group took placebo extracts, simultaneously. We evaluated the height gain, height velocity (HV), height standard deviation score (SDS), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Results: The height gain and height SDS were significantly higher in the FO group than in the placebo group after 24 weeks (height gain: p < 0.001, height SDS: p < 0.005). The HV was also significantly higher in the FO group than in the placebo group after the 6th and 24th week (p = 0.001, p = 0.004). After 24 weeks, we observed a decrease in GH, IGF, and IGFBP-3 in both groups. However, serum IGFBP-3 level in the FO group reduced less than placebo group. Conclusion: FO supplementation may help to increase the height of children, and the effect might be mediated via effects on the IGFBP-3 levels.

Gil Ton, Yu-Chen Lee

Jae Eun Lim, Mi Sa Song, Hyun Jeong Do et al.

This study aimed to show the effects of Korean medicine treatment (particularly bee-venom pharmacopunture) on a patient with brachial plexus palsy. A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with brachial plexus palsy on the right upper extremity and was treated with Korean and Western medicine from September 30th to November 6th, 2019. Improvement of the patient’s symptoms was evaluated using the Manual Muscle Test, Range of Motion and visual analogue scale. After treatment, the patient’s Manual Muscle Test grade and Range of Motion were improved, and the Visual Analogue Scale score indicated the intensity of her right hand numbness had decreased. These results suggested that improper use of crutches can result in brachial plexus palsy and a Korean-Western medicine treatment regimen primarily focused on bee-venom pharmacopunture, may be effective in reducing the symptoms of brachial plexus palsy.

Sarvesh Kumar Singh, Kshipra Rajoria

Medicinal leech therapy or Hirudino therapy have roots back in ancient civilization. It was a prevalent form of therapy in various ailments. The novel Ayurveda text Sushruta Samhita devoted a complete chapter on hirudino therapy. In the early 20th century this therapy had a major setback due to origin and evolution of antibiotics. There was a discontinuity in the flow of knowledge about this therapy. Then, resumed and revived after few recent decades, due to its contribution in reconstructive surgeries. During this period, the research work on various aspects have been conducted. The present paper summarizes the various aspects of medicinal leech therapy both from Ayurveda text and the present knowledge and to enable the fraternity to use the both source for benefits of humankind.

Kwang-Ho Lee, Yoon-Young Cho, Sungchul Kim et al.

Objectives: This study introduces the history and types of Korean pharmacopuncture and reports trends of research on Korean pharmacopuncture. Methods: Pharmacopuncture studies were searched from the first year of each search engine to 2014 by using seven domestic and foreign search databases. Selected studies were divided into the history of pharmacopuncture, kinds and features of pharmacopuncture, research types, and experimental and clinic studies and were then classified by year of publication, type of pharmacopuncture, disease, and topic. Results: Pharmacopuncture can be classified into four large groups: meridian field pharmacopuncture (MFP), eight-principles pharmacopuncture (EPP), animal-based pharmacopuncture (ABP) and mountain- ginseng pharmacopuncture, which is a single-co mpound pharmacopuncture (SCP). The largest numbers of studies were reported from 1997 to 2006, after which the numbers decreased until 2014. Of experimental studies, 51.9%, 18.7%. 14.3%, 9% and 3.4% were on SCP, ABP, MFP, formula pharmacopuncture (FP), and EPP, respectively. Of clinical studies, 54.7%, 15.3%. 14.9% 10.0% and 1.5% were on ABP, MFP, EPP, SCP, and FP (1.5%), respectively. Among clinical studies, case reports and case series accounted for 76.5%, followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 16.4%) and non-RCT (13.9%). Musculoskeletal diseases, toxicity and safety tests, anti-cancer effects, and nervous system diseases were mainly treated in experimental studies while musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases, toxicity and safety tests, and autonomic nerve function tests were addressed in clinical studies. Bee venom (BV) was the most frequently-used pharmacopuncture in mechanism studies. Pharmacopuncture was mainly used to treat musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and studies of it have made great progress in Korea. Studies on BV pharmacopuncture and musculoskeletal diseases accounted for most of the studies reported during the review period. Research on the types of pharmacopuncture and diseases has to be expanded. Especially, studies on the use of MFP and EPP for treating patients with various diseases are needed.

Gotmi Sharwan, Parag Jain, Ravindra Pandey et al.

Objectives: The goals of this research were to evaluate acute (single-dose) and sub-acute (repeated-dose) toxicity profiles of methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima J. L. Stewart ex Brandis (PI) for Wistar rats and to assess the safety profile of PI by observing physiological changes, mortality, changes in body weight

Shahin Gavanji, Sayed R. Zaker, Zahra G. Nejad et al.

Background: The Candida species are the most important factors of fungal infections in humans and animals. It is necessary to prepare antifungal or antimicrobial drugs because of increasing drug resistance. The natural treatment of diseases of bacterial origin using medicinal plants is important. In this study the effect of antimicrobial medicinal herbal essential oils and conventional antifungal drugs were evaluated on Candida albicans in vitro. Methods: Disc diffusion assay and the microbroth dilution method were used to investigate the anticandidal effects of Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Satureja hortensis L, Cuminum cyminum, and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils. The anticandidal effect of these essential oils was compared with that of amphotricin B and ketoconazole in vitro. We then measured the chemical composition of the studied essential oils using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results: Z. multiflora Boiss essential oil at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 34 μg/mL and minimal lethal concentration [i.e., minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC)] of 64 μg/mL had more powerful anti-Candida activity than the other essential oils. C. cyminum essential oil showed the least effect on the tested fungus. A comparison of the effect of the studied essential oils and antifungal drugs showed that the antifungal effect on the C. albicans fungus was better with the fungicides than with the essential oils. Conclusion: In the present study, essential oils with different components showed antifungal activity (especially Z. multiflora Boiss essential oil). They can therefore be used as new antifungal substances.

Jingyan Wang, Yi Lan, Hui Li et al.

Objective: To investigate the percutaneous penetration effect of essential oil of mint from Mentha haplocalyx Briq. on the complex active components in Chinese herbal external preparations, and assess its toxicity on the skin cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of mint oil on HaCaT keratinocytes and CCC-ESF-1 fibroblasts was measured using an MTT assay. Five model drugs with a wide range of lipophilicity, namely osthole, tetramethylpyrazine, ferulic acid, puerarin, and geniposide, were tested using in vitro permeation studies to investigate the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of mint oil. Secondary structure alterations of skin stratum corneum (SC) were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Saturation solubilities and SC/vehicle partition coefficients of the five model drugs with and without mint oil were also determined to understand the potential mechanisms of the essential oil. Results: Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of mint oil were significantly higher in HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cell lines than values in the well-established and standard penetration enhancer Azone. Conclusions: Mint oil at proper concentration could effectively facilitate percutaneous penetration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and exhibit higher efficiency for moderate hydrophilic drugs. Mechanisms of penetration enhancement by mint oil could be explained with saturation solubility, SC/vehicle partition coefficient and the secondary structure change of SC.

Chang-Gue Son

The etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is unknown and no conventional medicine therapies are available. This report presents a clinical case of a patient suffering from CFS who was cured by traditional Korean medicine. A 33-year-old female patient had to take time off work because of terrible fatigue symptoms that did not respond to conventional treatments. Her disorder was significantly reduced by herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion. Changes in fatigue severity were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a numerical rating scale (NRS). NRS and VAS scores decreased from 70 and 8.1 to 37 and 3.7, respectively, during 3 months. This case reveals the therapeutic potential of traditional Korean medicine for CFS and fatigue-associated disorders.

Lee Jin-Goo, Park Hyoung-Jin, Kim Dong-Woong et al.

Objective : Following central nervous system(CNS) injury, inhibitory influences at the site of axonal damage occur. Glial cells become reactive and form a glial scar, gliosis. Also myelin debris such as MAG inhibits axonal regeneration. Astrocyte-rich gliosis relates with up-regulation of GFAP and CD81, and eventually becomes physical and mechanical barrier to axonal regeneration. MAG is one of several endogenous axon regeneration inhibitors that limit recovery from CNS injury and disease. It was reported that molecules that block such inhibitors enhanced axon regeneration and functional recovery. Recently it was reported that treatment with anti-CD81 antibodies enhanced functional recovery in the rat with spinal cord injury. So in this current study, the author investigated the effect of the water extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus on the regulation of CD81, GFAP and MAG that increase when gliosis occurs. Methods : MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability, and cell-based ELISA, western blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of CD81, GFAP and MAG. Then also immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm in vivo. Results : Water extract of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus showed relatively high cell viability at the concentration of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%. The expression of CD81, GFAP and MAG in astrocytes was decreased after the administration of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus water extract. These results was confirmed in the brain sections following cortical stab injury by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion : The authors observed that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus significantly down-regulates the expression of CD81, GFAP and MAG. These results suggest that Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus can be a candidate to regenerate CNS injury.