Koping maladaptif merupakan strategi penanggulangan stres yang tidak efektif dan berpotensi memperburuk kondisi psikologis individu. Strategi ini mencakup perilaku internalisasi seperti menarik diri dan menyalahkan diri sendiri, serta eksternalisasi seperti impulsivitas dan agresivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Maladaptive Coping Scale (MCS) yang berbasis pada kerangka Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS). Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan pengembangan alat ukur, melibatkan 250 partisipan berusia 18 – 30 tahun. Instrumen MCS terdiri dari 36 item dengan dua dimensi utama dan empat subdimensi. Uji validitas isi menggunakan CVI menunjukkan bahwa 27 item valid (I-CVI ≥ 0,78). Reliabilitas diuji menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha menghasilkan (a = 0,875). Uji chi-square menunjukkan distribusi respons yang seimbang (p = 1,000). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa MCS merupakan alat ukur yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengidentifikasi strategi koping maladaptif, dan dapat digunakan dalam asesmen serta intervensi psikologis kontekstual di Indonesia.
Tamara M. Whitehead, Duaa H. Alrashdi, Shiyi Bin
et al.
ABSTRACT Online psychological therapy practices have increased in frequency in recent years, especially since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Recent research has proven their effectiveness; however, mental health clinicians' attitudes toward their use have been less explored. This is important as these attitudes can influence patient outcomes and the implementation of evidence‐based interventions. As such, we aimed to explore mental health clinicians' attitudes toward online therapy through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched, as well as gray literature (PsycEXTRA and ProQuest) and manual searches of Overton, charity websites, Google Scholar, and reference lists. Themes were identified from the resulting qualitative studies, and quantitative and mixed methods studies were mapped onto these themes using a matrix. The synthesis followed a narrative approach. Thirteen themes were discovered from the 28 included studies, which highlight a range of clinicians' attitudes toward online therapy, both positive and negative. Themes consist of the therapeutic relationship, communication and relational aspects, time and space, technical aspects, professional self‐doubt, individual differences, practical aspects, patient privacy, risk, perception of patient experience, transition to online therapy, change in attitude with the pandemic, and general attitudes/future intentions. Clinicians generally had somewhat positive attitudes toward online therapy, especially since the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, they also identified key limitations. Training clinicians to use technology and online modalities might be a key direction for future clinical practice and research to improve clinicians' confidence and attitudes toward online therapy.
Psychological trauma manifests itself when an individual is faced with extremely stressful situations that exceed their ability to cope or integrate thoughts and emotions. Exposure to high-stress scenarios and trauma is correlated with an increased prevalence of mental health disorders, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Resilience, as a concept, is based on the belief that an individual has faced circumstances of “significant adversity” and responded positively, ultimately restoring or improving performance and psychological well-being. Definitions of resilience run the gamut from mere survival to adaptation, ability, healing, resilience, robustness and health. Cicchetti and Rogosch define resilience as: “a dynamic process involving the achievement of positive adaptation in the context of exposure to significant adversity that typically exerts major assaults on biological and psychological development.” Traumatic events can enhance or impede the development of resilience. When a disturbance occurs, there is a potential impact on the formation of a self-system adept at dealing with extraordinary circumstances. This can adversely affect fundamental aspects of resilience, such as strong, interpersonal relationships, optimal performance and adaptability in unpredictable situations. Traumatic events can disrupt, reconstruct or strengthen existing resilience or damage the intricate. The final outcome depends on the nuanced interplay of subjective experiential factors, functional domains and inherent characteristics of the traumatic events themselves.
The research was conducted on the general population, aged 18 and over. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data of respondents, and an instrument for testing resilience: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 25) and International Trauma Scale (ITQ).
One hundred and four respondents participated in the research. Most of the respondents are female, married, with a high school diploma, and live in urban areas. The results of the research indicate that the majority of respondents believe in their own ability to adapt to changes and actively seek a humorous perspective as a mechanism for dealing with challenges. Also, most of the respondents did not experience traumatic events in the past month that would significantly affect their ability to cope with stressful situations. These findings provide insight into the psychological characteristics and stability of the majority of women who participated in the research.
Tara F. Abularrage, Heather M. Wurtz, Goleen Samari
Examining coping strategies and resilience among immigrant communities reflects a commitment to working with immigrant communities to understand their needs while also identifying and building upon their strengths. In the United States, the physical, emotional, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic intersected with existing structural inequities to produce distinct challenges and stressors related to the pandemic, immigration, caregiving responsibilities, and structural xenophobia. Leveraging an understanding of the multilevel effects of stress, this qualitative study explores individual, interpersonal, and community-level coping strategies immigrant women used to respond to, alleviate, or reduce distress related to these compounding stressors. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021 with 44 first- and second-generation cisgender immigrant women from different national origins and 19 direct service providers serving immigrant communities in New York City, data were coded and analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Four central themes were identified: caregiving as a source of strength, leveraging resources, social connections, and community support. While women described a range of coping strategies they used to manage stressors and challenges, perspectives from direct service providers also connect these coping strategies to the harm-generating institutions, policies, and structures that produce and uphold structural oppression and inequities. Accounts from service providers point to the detrimental long-term effects of prolonged coping, underscoring a duality between resilience and vulnerability. Exploring the coping strategies cisgender immigrant women used to ease distress and promote resilience during a period of heightened structural vulnerability is critical to centering the experiences of immigrant women while simultaneously directing attention towards addressing the fundamental causes of cumulative disadvantage and the systems and structures through which it is transmitted.
Georg Riemann, Marjolein Apenhorst-Hol, Nadine Weisscher
et al.
Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and comorbid personality disorder (PD) have a less favorable illness course than those without comorbidity. They are more difficult to stabilize and make more use of mental health care. This may also be true for PD traits that do not meet criteria for a specific PD. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a simple self-screening instrument (PDQ-4+) can provide an indication of expected severity and course of BD. Methods: Patients completed the PDQ-4+ and the treating clinician independently assessed retrospectively over the past 12 months the course of BD (number of depressive and (hypo)manic episodes, number and duration of hospitalizations, and suicide attempts) and the overall severity of illness using the Clinical Global Impression scale for BP (CGI-BP). Mann-Whitney U tests were used for group comparisons. Spearman rho was used to evaluate associations between the prevalence of PD traits and course of BD. Results: The prevalence of a positive PD screening in the sample with BD was 57.5 %. Patients who screened positive on specific PD were on average rated as more severely ill. More importantly, the total number of all dysfunctional personality traits was associated with less favorable course of BD and had a higher validity than any individual PDs. A limitation of our study is the small sample size and retrospective assessment of BD course. Conclusion: Screening with PDQ-4+ helps to identify a group at risk for a more severe illness course of BD. More important than meeting formal criteria for any PD are the accumulation of dysfunctional personality traits in patients with BD.
A magas vérnyomás korunk egyik népbetegsége, mely sok embert érint világszerte. A komplementer medicina ágazatai közül a fitoterápia, azaz a gyógynövények segítségével történő gyógyítás egy alternatíva lehet a magas vérnyomás és a hozzá kapcsolódó tünetek, szövődmények prevenciójában, terápiájában és rehabilitációjában is. Hiszen számos gyógynövény áll rendelkezésre Európában is a betegség kezelésére, melyek közül választhatnak az emberek. Ilyen például az egybibés galagonya, a fehér fagyöngy és az orvosi citromfű is.
Cikkemben szakirodalmi elemzésen keresztül mutatom be általánosságban a magas vérnyomást, a gyógynövényeket, valamint 7 darab gyógynövényt, melyek használhatók a terápia során.
Doga Cetinkaya, Sydney A. DeCaro, Margarid R. Turnamian
et al.
Objective: Emotion recognition, reactivity, and regulation are important in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Whether and how these processes differentiate between different trajectories in anxiety remain unclear. The current study examined emotional processes as prospective predictors of anxiety symptom trajectories in psychiatrically hospitalized youth. Method: Participants were 180 adolescents (Mage = 14.89; SD = 1.35) from a psychiatric inpatient unit. At index hospitalization, participants completed a behavioral task assessing facial emotion recognition, and self-report measures of emotion dysregulation and reactivity. They completed a self-report measure on anxiety symptoms at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-discharge. Latent growth curve analysis was conducted to identify subgroups of individuals based upon their trajectory of anxiety symptoms across 18-months. ANOVAs were used to examine subgroup differences in emotional processing variables. Results: Three distinct trajectories were identified, a stable moderate-to-high anxiety group, a group with moderate-to-high anxiety at baseline with symptom improvement over time, and a group characterized by relatively stable low-to-moderate anxiety throughout the study. The two initially moderate-to-high anxiety groups scored higher for emotion dysregulation and emotion reactivity at baseline compared to the low-to-moderate anxiety group. Emotion regulation difficulties relating to emotional non-acceptance were higher for the stable moderate-to-high anxiety group than for the moderate-to-high anxiety group that experience symptom improvement over time. Conclusions: These findings may have clinical implications for discharge planning. Future studies should explore emotion regulation with a focus on non-acceptance of one’s emotional experiences as a potential target of intervention in individuals with elevated anxiety.
Abstract Background Understanding the pathways to mental health treatment is important to inform service outcome, yet limited empirical research has been conducted. This paper explores the pathways used to treat mental illness in Ghana from the perspective of consumers and mental health professionals (MHPs).Methods The paper used a qualitative method, involving in-depth interview with 30 mental health professionals and 21 consumers, selected through purposive sampling. The data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.Results The findings indicate that mental illness is treated using biomedical, faith based and traditional healing services. Faith and traditional healing pathways are typically used as a preliminary source or first point of care before seeking biomedical treatment. The decisions regarding treatment pathways are influenced by predisposing factors, particularly belief systems and attitudes, as well as enabling factors including acceptability. The study also found an increasing informal collaboration between faith and biomedical practitioners and call for more formalised integration of the existing mental health system.Conclusion The existing interest and knowledge on faith-healing services should be formalise for policy re-formulation, and further integrated into curriculum design for training mental health professionals. Current collaboration and education provided to faith-healing providers, should be promoted, and integrated into the mental health systems.
Jelen tanulmány az ötven év feletti Balaton-átúszáson rendszeresen részt vevő szenior úszók sporttevékenységébe és annak pszichológiai hátterébe enged betekintést különös tekintettel a motivációra. A vizsgálati mintát 95 fő (44 férfi és 51 nő) alkotta, átlagos életkoruk 57,02 ±6,94 volt. A vizsgálatba kerülés kritériuma volt [...]
Célkitűzés: A kutatás kvalitatív módszer alkalmazásával tárja fel a Balaton-átúszás mögött húzódó motívumokat. Ez a megközelítés újszerű és szokatlan, de sokkal több információval szolgál, mint a kvantitatív megközelítés.
Eredmények: Az eredmények arra engednek következtetni, hogy az 50 év feletti úszók belső motivációval rendelkeznek, ideértve a kihívás- és kalandkeresést, az öröm, a kikapcsolódás és a flow élmény átélését, az egészségmegőrzést, valamint egy hasonló érdeklődésű emberek alkotta csoportba tartozást.
Background: The absence of one of the parents can bring about major problems in adolescents’ psychological conditions. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of solution-oriented group consultation on the increase of resiliency in orphan (fatherless) female adolescents in the city of Isfahan.
Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, post-test, follow-up and control group research design. The statistical population of the study included all orphan (fatherless) female students in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2014-2015. Convenient sampling method was used to select the samples; hence, 40 female adolescents were selected as the sample size and were assigned into two groups of 20. eight ninety-minute therapeutic interventions (solution-oriented approach) was administered on the experimental group once a week. The control group, however, did not receive any teaching. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used as the study instrument. And the collected data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA via SPSS23 software.
Results: The results of the study showed the solution-oriented group teaching being effective on the resiliency of orphan adolescents at the post-stage and follow-up stages (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Predicated on the findings of the present study, the solution-oriented teaching method can be applied to increase orphan (fatherless) female adolescents’ resiliency.
Communities. Classes. Races, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Neungrutai Yeesunsri, Suporn Apinuntavech, Chanvit Pornnoppadol
et al.
This study was experimental research which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of parent management training program (PMT) for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD) focusing on their self-efficacy, positive parenting patterns, and children’s ADHD symptoms. Participants were 38 parents of 6-13-year-old children with ADHD diagnosed by psychiatrists at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Rajanagarindra Institute. 19 Half of the parents (19) participated in 7 sessions of the PMT program as an experimental group, while the remaining 19 received regular services as a control group. Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC), Positive Parenting Questionnaire (PPQ) and Thai ADHD Screening Scales (THASS) were used for the effectiveness of the program. The results showed that the PSOC total scores including self-efficacy domain of the experimental samples were significantly increased after finishing the program and continually elevated after 3 months (p-value = .05). Specifically, the scores of self-efficacy domain of the experimental samples after completing the program and 3 months post were significantly higher than those of the control group (p-value = .05, <.01). Moreover, the THASS scores of the experimental group (after the PMT) immediately and 3 months post were significantly lower than before the program (p-value = .05, < .001). In addition, The total score of PPQ in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group
(p-value = .05, .01). Parent management training program (PMT) was effective in increasing self-efficacy in parents of 6-13 year-old children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) after completing the program and 3 months post training.
João Lucas Campos de Oliveira, Andressa Hirata Cervilheri, Maria do Carmo Lourenço Haddad
et al.
RESUMO Objetivo Apreender a relação entre acreditação e segurança do paciente, na perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem. Método Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de natureza qualitativa. Foi desenvolvido com trabalhadores de enfermagem de duas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital certificado em excelência pela acreditação brasileira. Os participantes responderam a entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, norteadas pela questão: “Fale-me sobre a relação entre acreditação e segurança do paciente neste hospital e unidade”. Ao corpus transcrito na íntegra, empregou-se análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados Foram entrevistados 14 profissionais. Entre as duas categorias que emergiram, relaciona-se diversas melhorias pontuais na segurança do paciente mediadas pela acreditação. Os trabalhadores referem que: ora os avanços no cuidado seguro são visíveis transversalmente à visita de certificação/manutenção da acreditação, ora pontuam a segurança como algo independente do selo de qualidade. Conclusão Concluiu-se que a relação investigada tanto se mostrou como dependente, pois a acreditação é ponte para melhorias pontuais, como independente, já que a segurança do paciente transpõe o processo de certificação em si. Nesse contexto, revelou-se criticidade entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem.
A Ringató foglalkozások részben a kisgyermekkori zenei nevelésről szólnak. A kodályi elvek alapján építkező program azonban a gyermekek mellett a szülők „nevelésével” is foglalkozik.
Írásom célja a program saját élményű bemutatása, illetve ajánlása az óvodáskor alatti gyermeket nevelő családok számára. A Ringató foglalkozások számos állandó helyszínen és egyre növekvő számban alkalmi jelleggel is megtalálhatóak hazánkban, s már a környező országokban is.
A közös, szülő–gyermek programok általános hasznossága mellett itt a zene mint az önkifejezés eszköze segíti a pozitív élmények kibontakozását, s nem mellékesen a műveltség fejlődését.
Javasolható részben kulturális tartalmú foglalkozás az óvodáskor alatti gyermekeknek családi programként, melyek a személyiség több szintjének gazdagítását szolgálják, s a Ringató foglalkozás is ilyen.