The paper evaluates Poland’s Special Economic Zones (SEZ) policy with a focus on the emergence of market-based business clusters. A structural model of regional growth is estimated to measure and assess the impact of the SEZs as a ‘helping hand’ on the extensive and intensive margins of employment. Literature on business clusters suggest it would require them to grow on both margins simultaneously to be viable; attracting more firms and making each firm dependent on the success of its regional peers. However, the policy went through different phases and the priorities of policy-makers as well as zone managers shifted over time. For the designated Zone Management Companies (ZMCs) the results have been modest for the extensive margin. The main outcome of the policy has been on the intensive margin, in part, this result is expected due to the large firm bias inherent in the policy and the selection bias owing to the prior location of state-owned enterprises.
First published online 9 March 2026
The article explores the strategic directions for developing the business processes of the information potential of energy enterprises amid digital transformation. The author emphasizes that in today’s globalized environment, the efficiency of energy enterprises is defined by their ability to integrate digital technologies into key business processes, forming a new model for managing information resources. The concept of information potential is disclosed as an integral characteristic that combines existing information resources, digital technologies, human capital, and organizational mechanisms for their utilization. Special attention is given to the issue of digital coherence, which entails harmonizing various information support subsystems into a unified functional framework. The article substantiates the role of fractal-cluster technology as an innovative approach to creating a flexible management architecture for information flows in energy enterprises. It is noted that using cluster models enables the achievement of a synergistic effect by combining investments in digital infrastructure with the development of personnel competencies and the optimization of business processes. The strategic directions of development are outlined, including: digitalization of production and financial management processes, improvement of mechanisms for assessing the efficiency of information potential, implementation of modern information technologies, and innovative methods for monitoring results. It is demonstrated that improving the economic efficiency of energy enterprises in the context of digitalization is possible only through the comprehensive development of information potential, which should be regarded as a strategic asset. The development of business processes based on digital technologies ensures increased competitiveness, reduced transaction costs, improved management transparency, and resilience of enterprise operations in a turbulent external environment.
The article is devoted to the analysis and systematization of methods for assessing the process of managing the foreign economic activity of an enterprise in order to increase its competitiveness. It is substantiated that strategic management of foreign economic activity is an important tool for achieving economic success in international markets, as it allows enterprises to adapt their strategies to the constantly changing external environment, as well as effectively use available resources to expand market positions. Approaches to defining the category of "enterprise competitiveness" are systematized. It is determined that strategic management of foreign economic activity of an enterprise in a competitive environment is a multifaceted and complex process. Its main goal is to develop, implement and effectively implement strategies that contribute to the adaptation of the enterprise to changes in the international business environment and ensure its competitiveness. The authors prove that studying the concept of enterprise competitiveness requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the dynamic nature of market conditions and the ability of the enterprise to quickly adapt to changes in the external environment. Special methods used only in strategic analysis are systematized, their main content, advantages and disadvantages are determined. Among them are the SPACE method, the LOTS method, PEST analysis (STEP analysis), SWOT analysis, RIMS analysis, and the study of the object profile. The author analyzed examples of successful cases of implementation of modern approaches to foreign economic activity management and innovative solutions. The study confirmed that the competitiveness of an enterprise is a multidimensional category that includes the ability to adapt to dynamic changes in the external environment, introduce innovations, reduce costs, effectively manage resources, and ensure high-quality implementation of marketing and production strategies.
Havenko Svitlana , Labetska Marta , Havenko Mykola
et al.
Quality standards for the technological processes of the production of finished products are used in all countries of the world. Consumers of printing and packaging products are increasingly demanding ISO 9001 quality system certificates from manufacturing companies. It should be noted that international and national standards use different approaches to the standardization of processes and products, and the content of project management. To meet the demands of consumers, which are constantly increasing, quality management should be carried out based on a set of scientifically based principles, which can be divided into system-wide and special. The problem is relevant for modern Ukrainian enterprises, where, on the one hand, they need serious changes in the organizational structure, corporate culture, style and methods of project management; and on the other hand, compliance with the ratio of responsibility for quality between the management system and performers.
Evaluation of the quality of printed products at the current stage requires the application of the principles of a systematic approach, based on the principles of which it is possible to build a coherent, logically completed methodological system of quality indicators of a specific type of product. This will also make it possible to justify the problem of choosing certain methods and will give a normative and regulatory character to those indicators that are not reflected in the standards but are important for the practical use of products.
To create one or another model of the system, it is first necessary to carry out its verbal and informational description and tuple recording. The components of a verbal informational description usually reflect a description of the external environment, and the system’s connections with it; identification of the relationship between factors, characteristics of the variability of factors; elementary composition of the system, and its parts; description of connections between elements of the system and subsystems; operation of the system, i.e. description of the process of functioning and development of the system. The tuple record of the system model of the quality assessment takes into account the classification characteristics of products, the set of “inputs” and “outputs” of the system; а set of variable parameters and processes.
The goals of quality management at each stage of the technological process for each specific type of printed product can be individual. To cover the management of all stages of the life cycle of media or packaging products within the subsystems of the quality system, it is necessary to perform a full set of special (specific) quality management functions. The matrix method or elements of the ISO 9000 series system can be used to form these functions.
Kiryakova M.V., Nguyen Zui Cuong, Bogacheva M.V.
et al.
The article discusses the innovative mechanism of procurement, its features, factors and elements (both stimulating and limiting its development), as well as possible negative consequences that may arise during its implementation. The modern domestic economic system literally requires reforming and innovative transformation of the procurement system, because the procurement activity is the one that is an important tool for regulating the development of not only various innovative and scientific-industrial sectors, but also the country's economy as a whole. Taking into account this fact, the author emphasizes that in the conditions of the modern market; an innovative procurement mechanism needs adaptation and prompt restructuring to the current requirements of trade and market policies. The author of the article pays special attention to the role of influence and features that have direct impact on the formation and nature of the implementation of the principle of innovation of procurement in the management model of domestic research and production enterprises. The innovative mechanism is a composition of various managerial and economic processes, which, in turn, is focused on increasing the efficiency of the company’s activity and development as the main goal. The article analyzes the main factors that have direct impact on the process of implementing the innovative procurement mechanism, provides recommendations of how to improve the innovative transformation and efficiency of the procurement process of products of research and production enterprises within the domestic economy.
Technological development allows expanding marketing communication tools and updating marketing approaches to promotion. Chains of hotels, cinemas, gaming business and restaurants are a part of the entertainment industry, which directs marketing efforts to create a special impression for a visitor. This approach is the key to motivate to repeat visits and to create long-term relationships with clients. The purpose of the article is to consider the existing marketing communication strategies of enterprises in the entertainment sector, to single out and systematize the methods of setting goals for the formation of effective promotion. Peculiarities of marketing communication strategies in the chain business of the entertainment services sector are studied, as well as in context of hotel, cinema, restaurant and gaming chains. The modern market of entertainment services is rapidly changing under the influence of technological and consumer trends and social and economic crisis. Therefore, issues of crisis management and interaction with consumers during crisis situations are relevant. Also the main tools of marketing communication strategies, such as advertising, public relations, social media and interactive channels are highlighted. Methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison are applied for investigation the use of digital technologies for communication with customers in marketing campaigns of enterprises in the entertainment sector. Particular attention is paid to specific aspects of marketing communications of hotel, cinema, gaming and restaurant chain business, such as brand management, personalized offers, social media marketing and outdoor advertising. The research results and recommendations can be useful for marketing and advertising managers working in the field of hotels, cinemas, gaming and hotel chain business.
Economics as a science, Business records management
Fatemeh Kamali, Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam, Hamidreza Ghafarian malmiri
et al.
The preparation of geological maps based on field data and the application of aerial photographs have always been an error because of the structural diversity of the earth and the difficulty of accessing certain regions. But in recent decades, the use of satellite imagery has but in recent decades, the use of satellite imagery has gone a long way to increasing the accuracy and timeliness of geological mapping. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the applicability of Landsat 8 satellite images and object-oriented pixel classification methods in mapping the geological formations of some part of the Shirkuh Mountain range in Yazd province. This area is part of the scattered mountain range of Central Iran with a dry climate and minimal vegetation. Initially, enhanced operations were performed to identify geological information’s using MNF, PCA and FCC processing. Then, the images were classified using object-oriented algorithms (BAYES, SVM, KNN, Decision Tree and Random Forest), neural network (ARTMAP, RBF, MLP and SOM), and base pixels (Maximum Likelihood, Minimum Distance, Mahalanobis and SAM). Next, the error rate of each method was calculated using Boolean logic and kappa coefficient. The results showed that the maximum probability classification with kappa coefficient of 75% in the base pixel category, Fuzzy ARTMAP classification in neural network method with kappa coefficient of 72% and Bayesian classification in object-oriented method with kappa coefficient of 82% have the best results among other methods. These results show that the methods mentioned in the identification and separation of geological formations are effective. The SAM of pixel-based methods, SOM of neural network methods and RF of object-oriented methods with 49%, 64% and 61%, respectively, showed the lowest accuracy in each category.
Abstract. The article suggests methodological support for the management of financial resources of domestic enterprises based on the definition of the key issues of financial management and its adaptation to existing economic conditions. It has been found out that for the construction of an effective system of financial resources management, it is advisable to take into account the following requirements: the existence of causal relationships between the elements of the system; dynamism, ability to change the qualitative state; possession of a parameter, the influence of which makes it possible to change the course of the economic process. It has been noted that when developing a budgeting system at an enterprise, it is always necessary to take into account the main limiting factors affecting the financial activity of an economic entity from which the budget calculation should begin. Determination of the preliminary set of budget indicators has been identified as the main task of designing a comprehensive budgeting system as a component of the financial resource management system. In order to guarantee the use of effective indicators by all participants in this process, it is necessary to simultaneously apply the principles of design «top-down» and «bottom-up». It has been pointed out that debt obligations are currently a big problem for domestic enterprises. The proposed methods of debt management allow managing the financial resources of the entity based on the definition of key positions of financial management. It has also been mentioned that one of the most important elements of the financial resources management system of an enterprise is risk management, which becomes an integral element and a subsystem of the strategic management of an economic entity. In turn, one of the most important elements of the risk management system in an enterprise is the assessment of financial risks. It has been noted that modern enterprises have the opportunity to use a wide range of methods for assessing financial risks, among which are such clusters of methods as statistical, analytical and expert. The conclusion has been made that in conditions of economic and social instability, economic entities should pay special attention to an integrated system of budgeting and risk management, since at present these two areas are the most important components of the effective management of financial resources of an enterprise.
Keywords: financial resources management, enterprise, methodological support, assessment, level.
JEL Classification M11, M31
Formulas: 9; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 10.
IntroductionCorporate social responsibility (CSR) includes the activities that a business conducts to affect society and/or the environment positively. Some scholars have pointed out the need for additional research regarding the additional potential positive social-based outcomes of CSR in the hospitality industry. Furthermore, management scholars argue that the interaction between the individual and organizational identification is iterative, whereas the individual's identity becomes intertwined with that of the organization. Also, the successful operation of a company is highly dependent on the attitudes and behavior of its staff. An important staff attitude for the success of a business is job involvement, which refers to the psychological bonds or personal identification that employees perceive regarding their jobs. Job involvement is considered one of the key factors affecting the quality of both individual and organizational outcomes. On the other hand, perceived organizational support refers to the employees’ overall beliefs about whether their organizations are ready to reward them for enhanced performance and care for their socio-emotional needs. Perceived organizational support also acts as an assurance that the organization will provide aid when needed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of corporate social efforts on identification and involvement of hotels’ employees with the moderating role of organizational suppor.Materials and MethodsThis research was a descriptive and applied survey that all of the 5 star hotels of Tehran consisted of its statistical population, and 384 employees were selected for the research sample according to convenient sampling. Research data were collected using questionnaires: Park and Levy (2014)’s corporate social responsibility questionnaire, Meal and Tetrick (1992)’s identification questionnaire, Kanungo (1982)’s job involvement questionnaire, and Eisenberger et al. (1986)’s perceived organizational support questionnaire, and were analyzed according to structural equation modeling.Discussion and ResultsFindings show the positive effect of corporate social responsibility efforts on the identification and involvement of hotel employees. Also, data analysis confirmed that perceived organizational support positively moderates the relationship between corporate social responsibility and employees` identification and job involvement. Also, descriptive analysis of the main variables of the research, i.e., corporate social responsibility, job involvement, identification, and perceived organizational support, shows that the mentioned variables were at a higher level in the organizations studied in the present study average.ConclusionsIt can be said that corporate social responsibility efforts have considerable effects on the main work attitudes of hotels’ employees, especially on their identification and involvement. In addition, with the increasing of perceived organizational support, these effects can be increased as well. Future researchers are encouraged to study the consequences and effects of corporate social responsibility in other organizations active in the tourism industry. At the same time, by considering the role of demographic variables, more accurate classification of the impact of organizational social responsibility on the attitudes of hotel employees can be achieved. On the other hand, in addition to employee identification and job involvement, the effects of organizational social responsibility on different work attitudes such as organizational commitment and job satisfaction can be studied. In addition, there are other variables such as support of supervisors and colleagues, organizational trust, and group dynamics that can moderate the impact of organizational social responsibility on work attitudes in addition to perceiving organizational support.
Management. Industrial management, Management of special enterprises
Human societies are considered as a part of ecosystems. The interaction between human societies and ecosystems has consequences for them. Desert ecosystem is one of the common ecosystems in arid regions of Iran. In desert, phenomena such as drought affect the lives of human societies. The present study analyzes the effect of hydrological drought on resilience of human communities in Yazd province. Hydrological drought was studied based on river flow index and resilience of human communities using economic, social and environmental criteria by using principal component analysis method. The factor was calculated based on the values of the rotated matrix and the eigenvector values. Multiple linear regression analysis of drought effects on factors was investigated. Analysis of the relationship between drought and resilience indicates a significant relationship between them. The most affected sectors by drought were economic, social and environmental, respectively. The most important economic losses were the variables of employment share in services and industry sectors, rural income and cost, irrigated agriculture, area under cultivation, urban cost, participatory economy rate. The overall results of combining the drought index with socio-economic and environmental indicators indicate an increase in vulnerability and a decrease in the resilience of human societies due to drought. Lifestyle and direct dependence on ecosystem resources should be reconsidered. In other words, generating processing, conversion and complementary industries, extends the chain of drought dependence and exploitation to reduce drought fluctuations. Diversifying the use of ecosystem services and replacing them in times of drought events can increase the resiliency of human societies.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of internal marketing on the quality of service delivery to provide solutions to improve the number of services offered in hotels. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The findings of the present study indicate the confirmation of all research hypotheses. The output of HLM 7 software showed multilevel relationships of research variables; the effect of the mediating variable on the Sobel test and its severity was measured by the VIF coefficient. A specific mission is to provide them with an appropriate role model and promote a culture of risk-taking, emphasizing employees' feelings and paying attention to their wants and needs to improve the quality of service provided by employees.IntroductionTourism is defined as one of the most important economic sectors that play an important role in developing a country (Juang and Fuang, 2019). Tourism is one of the largest industries generating billions of dollars in revenue and creating thousands of jobs. Tourism is one of the top 5 sources of export revenue in more than 150 countries and the number one source of exports in 60 countries. The United Nations World Tourism Organization predicts that the number of international tourism visits will almost double from 2009 to 2018, from 880 million to 1.6 billion by 2020 (Yusuf and Ali, 2019). According to the World Tourism Organization and UNESCO statistics, Iran can be among the top ten countries in the world in terms of international tourist arrivals. Given Iran's small share of this industry, it is clear that the tourism industry has not been able to play its role as a factor of economic development. The development of the tourism industry is of great importance for developing countries, which face problems such as high unemployment, limited resource resources, and a single-product economy (Funk & Love, 2016). Comparison of tourism figures and revenues from them in Iran with global statistics provided by the World Tourism Organization shows that our country has not found its proper share and position in the tourism industry (Safaeipour et al., 2015). It seems that inefficient management, especially poor marketing and lack of appropriate advertising to introduce attractions and also lack of services tailored to the needs of tourists using modern methods and technologies is one of the most important reasons for the underdevelopment of tourism in Iran. Therefore, the need to review policies and apply new techniques and technologies in tourism management for the revival and prosperity of tourism in Iran seems necessary (Safaeipour et al., 2015). This study was conducted to remove some limitations in previous studies. While other studies have measured the impact of internal marketing activities on customers' attitudes and their employees, little research has been done on the effects of internal marketing at the organizational level in the hotel industry.Materials and MethodsThe method of this research is development-applied research in terms of purpose. The research design in this research is descriptive correlational research. It is descriptive in that it provides a picture of the current situation and is a correlation because it examines the relationship between the variables in the model. The present study is a survey, and the data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire. In this study, the statistical population of this study consists of customers and staff of reception units, cash registers, ceremonies and food and beverage, housekeeping, and security and arrangements of four and five-star hotels in Tehran, which number 14 hotels. And their staff is estimated at approximately 900 people. For determining the sample size, due to the unknown number of community members and variance, 268 questionnaires were distributed among the sample members in a stratified-random manner using Cochran's formula. The confidence level is 95%, and 5% error is assumed. According to the sample size, 280 questionnaires were distributed. 271 questionnaires were returned, and of which 3 questionnaires were discarded due to information deficiencies, and 268 questionnaires were used. According to Morgan's table, 95 questionnaires were needed in average for almost 300 customers per hotel, which was distributed to ensure about 100 questionnaires per hotel. The studied hotels include 4 and 5-star hotels in Tehran.Discussion and ResultsThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of internal marketing on service quality by considering the mediating role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the hotel industry. As the results showed that the set of relationships considered by obtaining the appropriate significance coefficients could be similar to the research conducted in line with the present study, so did another confirmation of the importance of paying attention to internal marketing and its implementation in organizations in The hotel industry. Multilevel Analysis of the impact of internal marketing on the quality of staff services is one of the topics studied in this study due to its importance in organizations. The multilevel approach as an emerging paradigm and method can consider organizational phenomena as multilevel and simultaneously analyze the effect of the studied phenomenon at a higher level and the impact of higher-level factors in the studied phenomenon. 4- and 5-star hotels In this study, multilevel Analysis of internal marketing on service quality with commitment and job satisfaction were examined. After analyzing the data, it was found that using the concept of internal marketing and its related components (vision, development, and reward) can have positive results such as improving the quality of service provided in the hotel, improving employee satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Have them with you
Management. Industrial management, Management of special enterprises
In the trend of economic globalization, corporate responsibility is always concerned with economic growth. Responsibility accounting has important implications for enterprises in their growth. It contributes to the harmonization of interests among stakeholders. An enterprise complying with commitments, ensuring the implementation of responsibilities to communities and society, is an inevitable and objective trend. The objective of the paper is to examine the factors of profit ratio affecting compliance of corporate responsibility information. With a survey sample of 100 enterprises listed on Vietnam’s stock market, the paper uses data over the last five years in the period from 2016 to 2020. The results show that two independent variables have a positive effect on compliance of corporate responsibility accounting information, including return on equity and return on sales, in which return on sales has the strongest impact. Therefore, to strengthen the compliance with corporate responsibility information of Vietnamese listed enterprises, Vietnamese state agencies need to comply with international principles to issue appropriate regulations applicable to enterprises. Managers of Vietnamese listed enterprises need to raise awareness and demonstrate full responsibility including compliance with stakeholders.
ABSTRACT Ma, R. and Pu, Q., 2020. An empirical study on the interaction between finance and marine economy in China. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 145-147. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the overall development of economy and society, economic globalization has become a new development trend, followed by the arrival of the post-financial crisis era. In the face of such an economic development environment, the economic management innovation of enterprises is very necessary. At the present stage, only by improving and innovating economic management can enterprises achieve leapfrog development and adapt to the development requirements of the post-financial crisis era. Only in this way can we further integrate human and material resources, grasp the close market relations and enable ourselves to occupy absolute advantages in the enterprise market. This paper is to discuss the research around the empirical study of the interaction between finance and marine economy in China, hoping to provide a feasible method for enterprises in economic management.
The evolution of taxes and the increasing role of public financial resources in the life of modern society have contributed to the transformation of taxation into an important, complex, specific area of activity with their own laws of development. First of all, these include the classical principles of taxation – equality, neutrality, convenience, simplicity, etc. Last but not least, the principle of non-taxation takes place in this list. Since the state’s existence is not limited by any calendar, let alone tax terms, the state still has a constant need for tax revenues and is obliged to take into account the need to renew its financial resources in the future, recognizing that this is real only if there is normal production. By re-taxing the economy today, the state is depriving itself of future revenues with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, a competent definition of the boundaries of the tax burden involves the development of production and ensuring conditions for the growth of tax revenues. Oppressing the economy, suppressing the taxpayer, the tax destroys its own foundation and itself. The ongoing reformation of the tax system as a whole today in the conditions of the modern Ukrainian economy is the desire of the state systems to determine the optimum limits of the tax burden, which can satisfy the financial interests of the state and not break the delicate fragile balance of social and economic conditions of modern society. The aim of research is determining the features of tax planning formation for tax optimization purposes and to improve the economic management system at the enterprise through the use of special optimization schemes and the use of accounting tools. Methodology: the theoretical justification is based on observations, groupings, analytical work in determining the organization of tax planning. Methodological and general scientific principles of complex researches became the theoretical basis. The scientific importance of the work lies in the fact that results is the systematization of theoretical and practical provisions of tax optimization of the enterprise. The value of the research is that the materials of the conducted research will be useful for further study of the specifics of tax optimization at enterprises.
Mehdi Gharakhlou, Mostafa tavakoli naghmeh Tavakoli naghmeh, Alireza Garousi
Today, the tourism industry has been considered as one of the important sources of income in the global economy. Religious tourism is one of the divisions of the tourism industry in which the Muslim world especially in Iran is important. Qom- a city with religious, cultural, historical, and natural capabilities- as the Incarnational Religious Base of Shiism known as one of the most important pilgrimage centers in the Muslim world. Every year, many tourists from inside and outside the country travel to this city. Due to the religious importance of this city, the most important part of the pilgrims of this city is religious tourists. A high volume of tourists requires proper infrastructure and facilities for settling, accommodating, and spending leisure time. The present research according to purpose is applied one, in terms of the method is descriptive, and data have been collected based on desk resources. to identify the appropriate areas for the construction of leisure and recreational camps and respond to the needs of pilgrims and tourists in this city, Firstly, criteria and sub-criteria weighting is done by using the hierarchy model; finally, appropriate areas, area 3, 2, 8, and 4, at the regional level are introduced by using GIS
Management. Industrial management, Management of special enterprises
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information technology in attracting international students by mediating the values ofeducational tourism in higher education. The method used in this study was correlational. Statistical population used in this survey faculty of universities of sistan and baluchestan based on a stratified random sample of171 peopel were selected. The research tool was three questionnaires, Educational Tourism Values, information technology and international students' attraction. Reliability and validity of all three tools were reported suitable. Analysis method was structural equation with Using PLS2 software. The results indicated, that influence of information technology has a directly and indirectly effect on Educational Tourism Values and international students attraction. Also, Educational Tourism Values had a direct impact on international students attraction. Universities can play a constructive role in attracting international students by planning, implementing and influencing information technology and paying attention to the valuesof education tourism.
Management. Industrial management, Management of special enterprises
The overseas economic and trade cooperation zone is an important platform for China’s economic cooperation with other countries. It aims to improve the service management level of the cooperation zone and promote the operational efficiency of the park enterprises by drawing on the excellent experience of China’s Reform and Opening. Due to the increase in domestic production costs and the guidance of the government’s policy of encouraging enterprises to “go global”, the countries along the “Belt and Road” have gradually emerged as a boom in corporate investment cooperation zones. This paper analyzes the input and output of the case of Hongdou Group investing in Cambodia’s special economic zone, Sihanoukville, and finds that this kind way of investment is conducive to enterprises to use policy support to “get advantage and complement each other”. Integrating various resources, and gaining the core competitiveness of enterprises in the host country is also the main motivation for Chinese enterprises to invest abroad in the new era. The analysis believes that the initial stage of investment will bring some financial pressure, but in the middle and late stage will play an important economic role, bring good economic benefits, and will bring positive social benefits to the host country, which will benefit for the bargaining power of enterprises overseas.
The chapter focuses on two interrelated research questions: why are museums so popular? and what can commercial enterprises learn from them? The chapter explains the popularity of museums by elaborating on the special characteristics of the cultural and economic roles of these institutions in society based on evidence in academic research and in policy documents. The chapter then provides data from a survey of 6,419 visitors and 5,065 non-visitors of the 18 most well-known (art) museums spread among 10 countries around the world. It provides evidence regarding what factors differentiate the reputations of the most reputed museums from those that are less appreciated based on museum-related factors, along with factors related to the country and city where the museum resides. The chapter concludes by examining reputation management lessons, the business can draw from the way museums operate and how they are perceived.
Inventory management costs are often high and it is necessary to introduce appropriate methods that cause their optimization. For this purpose, various types of methods supporting logistic processes are introduced. Joint activities within group purchasing organizations are also popular. Companies gain a possibility to reduce costs, in addition, when enterprises introduce appropriate quality management systems, the process of cost optimization and an improvement of inventory management efficiency should be even more visible. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of standardized quality management systems on inventory management. The research was conducted on a group of 68 enterprises operating in commercial group purchasing organizations. The enterprises were divided into two groups: into the companies using quality management systems and into those that do not use such systems. The analysis showed that the most frequently standardized quality management systems were used by large enterprises and the results of inventory management efficiency were at a similar level as compared to small units that do not apply quality management systems. The analysis based on selected financial indicators allows concluding that the introduction of quality management systems improves the efficiency of inventory management. The introduction of such systems allowed large enterprises to organize their warehouse management and reduce stocking reserves, which positively influenced the costs of managing them. The research period covers the years 2015–2017.