Hasil untuk "Lexicography"

Roberto Navigli, Simone Paolo Ponzetto

Hongyan Zhang, Wei He, Liangpei Zhang et al.

G. Miller

Because meaningful sentences are composed of meaningful words, any system that hopes to process natural languages as people do must have information about words and their meanings. This information is traditionally provided through dictionaries, and machine-readable dictionaries are now widely available. But dictionary entries evolved for the convenience of human readers, not for machines. WordNet1 provides a more effective combination of traditional lexicographic information and modern computing. WordNet is an online lexical database designed for use under program control. English nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are organized into sets of synonyms, each representing a lexicalized concept. Semantic relations link the synonym sets [4].

David A. Cox, J. Little, D. O'Shea

Xifeng Yan, Jiawei Han

A. Kilgarriff, P. Rychlý, Pavel Smrz et al.

C. Hwang

C. Bron, J. Kerbosch

A. Tversky, Shmuel Sattath, P. Slovic

Aida D. Haddad, Amr A. A. Khalil

This study focuses on the development of an algorithm for constructing the vocabulary of a Syrian dialectal multimedia dictionary. The significance of this research stems from the inadequate representation of Syrian dialectal lexicon in existing lexicographical resources. The novelty lies in the creation of a universal model for an Arabic dialectal multimedia dictionary, using the Syrian dialect as a foundation, and in proposing a methodology for utilising film texts as a source of Arabic dialectal vocabulary, followed by the processing of this lexical material. The initial sample of dialectal lexical items comprised 100 words and was subsequently expanded to 1,500. The proposed multimedia dictionary project caters to the needs of diverse user categories by providing, for example, etymological, phonetic, grammatical, and semantic information about each lexical unit, visualisation of its concept, and supplementary semantisation through film discourse fragments. Encompassing both original Arabic words and borrowings from languages such as Syriac, Turkish, French, and English, the dictionary aims to reflect the lexical composition of the Syrian dialect and is geared towards enhancing the systematisation and lexicography of Arabic dialects in general. This endeavour makes a substantial contribution to the fields of linguistics and lexicography, while also promoting the preservation and study of Arabic dialects.

Uvesh Khan

This article comprehensively examines al-Sāghānī’s life and intellectual legacy through the perspective of his scholarly travels, which extended from the Indian subcontinent to the Hejaz, Yemen, Baghdād, and Africa, The study will also evaluate, within this framework, his interactions with prominent scholars of the time during these journeys and the role this process played in deepening his scholarly knowledge. Al-Sāghānī’s intellectual journey began to take shape with his migration from Lahore to Ghazna. The substantial education he received in disciplines such as Arabic Lexicography, Ḥanafi jurisprudence, and ḥadīth sciences in Ghazna, an important cultural center of the period solidly constructed his academic foundation. Al-Sāghānī embarked on extensive scholarly travels to further advance this accumulated knowledge and to establish direct contact with the leading scholars of his era. Indeed, as a result of these contacts, his scholarly character was exceptionally appreciated by erudite scholars such as al-Dhahabī, al-Ḍimyāṭī, and al-Suyūṭī. Al-Sāghānī’s these journeys across a vast geography were far more than a simple process of knowledge acquisition. His prolonged stays in major scholarly centers allowed him to integrate deeply into local intellectual circles, which proved decisive in shaping his unique methodological approach and scholarly identity. This approach, as evidenced in his works, prioritized the verification of knowledge through personal observation and investigation over the mere transmission of existing sources. Major works such as al-ʿUbāb, al-Takmilah, and Mashāriq al-Anwār, reflect his interdisciplinary approach. Beyond his scholarly pursuits, al-Sāghānī also engaged in the political sphere, as demonstrated by his appointment as a caliphal envoy to Sulṭān Iltutmish of Delhi in 617/1220. By examining his intellectual legacy, this article aims to contribute to the efforts of understanding al-Sāghānī's legacy, while also proposing a framework for how the paths of knowledge and research techniques he followed can offer a productive perspective for future ademic studies.

Mladen Klemenčić

Jasmina Lukec

Vera A. Pishchalnikova, Ksenya S. Kardanova-Biryukova

Over the past 15 years the research field of Russian psycholinguistics has experienced major changes and has become more diversified with the advance of such subfields as psycholinguoaxiology, associative lexicography, psycholinguoculturology, etc., which has understandably resulted in the diversification of the subject area as well as a vague psycholinguistic object. The analysis of the Proceedings of the academic forums held in 2013, 2022 and 2024, carried out by the authors, has outlined those research trajectories which tend to become less popular today and alternatively identify most intensely developing ones. The relevance of the current research is supported by the fact that these trends tend to determine further development of Russian psycholinguistics and make it possible to amend those changes which happen to the field naturally. At the same time relying on these findings we could define the boundaries of the psycholinguistic object and specify the methods and research tools with the greatest prognostic and research potential. The research material includes the Proceedings of several major academic events in the field including XX Symposium on Psycholinguistics of 2022, the conference “Language. Consciousness. Communication: Methodology and Practices in the Humanities” of 2024 and the monograph “Russian Psycholinguistics: Achievements and Advances (1966-2021)” of 2021. The reference point of the research is made by the X International Congress ISAPL “Problems of Informational Society and Applied Psycholinguistics” of 2013. The research is based upon cluster analysis, comparative analysis and content analysis. The findings of the research carried out by the authors include the observations to follow: the field of psycholinguistics has become very narrow with a vivid bias towards structural and content analysis of language consciousness, limited use of statistical tools and modeling in psychologuistic research. At the same time the analysis has helped identify the vectors to pursue in the next few decades including design of new methods and tools shaped specifically to be used with the object of psycholinguistics and identifying those research problems which could explicate new facets of this object.

Antonijela Bogutovac

Agata Barzycka-Paździor

The aim of the article is to present a concept of the Polish Biographical Dictionary (Polski Słownik Biograficzny, PSB), which has been published in Krakow since 1935 as a multi-volume publication of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU), and realised by the Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History of the PAN. Over 28,000 biographies of people associated with Poland (and with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Commonwealth of Both Nations, and their fiefs), who lived or operated in the country and abroad from the time of legendary Duke Popiel (9th century) to 2000, have been published in 52 volumes so far. The concept of the PSB is presented in the historiographic context as well as the context of contemporary problems and challenges that the PSB is facing.

Luise von Flotow, Ida Hove Solberg, Enora Lessinger

This contribution explores humour as a means of resistance against patriarchal authority in Gerd Brantenberg’s Egalias døtre (1977), a work of feminist science fiction, and its translation into English by Louis Mackay (1985). In this Norwegian gender-bender, humour serves as a facilitator for critical thinking: the coinage of a playful and subversive matriarchal language undermines and ridicules at once the male-as-norm premise that operates in everyday language. This article reflects on the literary tradition the novel belongs to and the key role of lexical creation in the feminist struggle, before analysing the means and effects of lexical creativity in the source text and its translation, from compounding and neologisms to gender-inverting idioms. The results of this contrastive analysis show that the all-important female-as-norm principle at work in the novel, combined with structural differences between source and target languages, lead the translator to make full use of his creative license. By resorting to compensation as a creative translation strategy to create similar effects throughout the novel, he ensures that the English reader also ends up “laughing at patriarchy”, thereby “[breaking] the rules” of patriarchy (Barr [1989: 90-91]).

Лилит Георгиевна Брутян

В рецензии дается характеристика учебно-методического комплекса Д. В. Руднева, Т. С. Садовой и Л. Б. Волковой «Русский деловой язык для стран СНГ», созданного авторским коллективом под общей редакцией С. И. Богданова. Учитывая, что русский язык продолжает оставаться средством межнационального общения и деловой коммуникации в странах СНГ, задача обучения русскому деловому языку как неродному приобретает особую актуальность. Ее решению и посвящено рецензируемое издание, адресованное преподавателям-русистам и студентам, проживающим в СНГ, а также преподавателям бизнес-сообщества. Учебно-методический комплекс состоит из трех книг, каждая из которых имеет свою структуру, содержание и целевую аудиторию. Рецензия знакомит со спецификой каждой из частей учебно-методического комплекса, описывает круг вопросов, разрабатываемых авторами в издании, и дает оценку его практическому применению.

Zvonko Benčić

U radu je istražena uporaba imenica učin i pridjeva učinski u hrvatskom elektrotehničkom nazivlju, od objave Šulekova Hrvatsko-njemačko-talijanskoga rječnika znanstvenoga nazivlja 1874. godine do danas. Utvrđeno je da naziv energetska elektronika obuhvaća samo dio učinske elektronike, i to onaj koji se koristi u elektroenergetici. Naziv učinska elektronika u skladu je s nazivima u većini europskih jezika, npr. s nazivima na engleskom, njemačkom, francuskom, ruskom, talijanskom i slovenskom jeziku te zadovoljava sva terminološka načela.

S. Bachaeva

The article is devoted to describing clichés-interpretations of color adjectives in the Kalmyk language. Since the explanatory dictionary is the first of its kind in the history of Kalmyk lexicography, there is no previous experience in making definitions by a group of authors, which is why it is necessary to implement the initial stage with understanding how to develop a system for word defining and show their connections within the language, presenting them in a unified and consistent way. The clichés-formulas obtained will allow providing the fullest and most accurate definitions to head words in ‘The explanatory dictionary of the Kalmyk epic ‘Dzhangar’, as well as create the environment for a more systematic definition process when describing lexical units of one theme group following the same formulas. Definitions of adjectives denoting color are presented in the explanatory dictionary in comparison with an object that is suitable and comprehensible for all Kalmyk speakers: хар - көөһин, нүрснә өңгтә ‘black - soot or coal-colored’; цаһан - цасна, үснә өңгтә ‘white - snow or milk-colored’; улан - цусна өңгтә ‘red - blood-colored’. Secondary colors, which are referred to as composite colors, include light blue, orange, gray, and brown: цеңкр - чилгр теңгрин өңгтә, цәәвр көк ‘light blue - color of a clear sky’; оошк - цәәвр улан ‘pink - light red’; күрң - чииктә һазрин өңгтә ‘brown - color of wet soil’. Besides the key adjectives with one-part structure, the epic also features color entities which consist of two equitable colors or shades (compound color adjectives), which specify their combination: 1) шар өңгин деер олн зүсн өңгтә толв ‘mottled yellow - yellow with multicolored spots’ 2) нег өңгтә биш ‘non-uniform yellow’; 3) сәәхн эрәтә шар өңгтә ‘flamboyant, bright, extravagant yellow’. The epic features words, traditionally found in folklore, which denote a color figuratively, for instance, lexical units with the primary meaning of natural material: алтн - гилвкр шар өңгтә, алтн өңгтә ‘gold -shiny yellow, color of gold’; мөңгн - өңгәрн эс гиҗ гилвкәрн цаһан мөңг дурасн, гилвкр цаһан ‘silver - resembling silver in color or in shine; shiny white’. The presented interpretation formulas for adjectives denoting color provide a basis for improving the practices for adequate interpretation and further development of clichés-interpretations for other groups in the explanatory dictionary of the Kalmyk epic ‘Dzhangar’.