This article examines the role of antisemitism in international politics. Drawing on a genealogy of European antisemitism, it proposes the analytic framework of the ‘enemy within’ to foreground instances when Jewish ‘enemy’ figures are positioned on both sides of the boundaries organising international political orders. This particular permutation of (racial) bordering is porous and ambivalent, even or especially as ‘hard’ and binary racial borders are simultaneously enforced. The article identifies four characteristics of the Jewish ‘enemy within’: a shared origin story with European Christendom; simultaneous presence on both sides of a (racial) boundary; a prompting of fears around contagion, infiltration and assimilation; and deployment to legitimise strategies of hyper-vigilance, surveillance and purification. The genealogy traces how the Jewish ‘enemy within’ is mobilised in consolidation or defence of, first, Christian medieval order and, second, raced nation-states, economies, and bodies, in modernity. In both periods, the Jewish ‘enemy within’ appears as both an insider and outsider whose perceived ambivalence threatens, and is mobilised to defend, religious, racial and political international orders. Finally, the article applies this framework to contemporary antisemitism. Overall, the article offers a novel engagement with antisemitism in International Relations and a tool for analysing complex forms of racial bordering in global politics.
In April 2025, China acceded to the Agreement on Port State Measures, marking its active efforts in combating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. This represents a significant initiative of China to protect the marine ecological environment, achieve sustainable development of fisheries, and deeply participate in global marine governance, while also indirectly responding to the constrains from the United States through its “Indo-Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness Partnership”. This manuscript employs dual perspectives from international relations and international law, along with research methods such as literature review, legal provision analysis, comparative analysis, and case study, to examine the positive impacts, risks, and challenges brought by China’s accession to the Agreement. The research result is that China’s accession to the Agreement enables it to enhance the effectiveness of combating IUU fishing, better protect marine biological resources and fishery resources, and is conducive to improving its international image. In order to better fulfill the international obligations, China needs to ensure the coordination of domestic laws such as the Fishery law with the Agreement, fulfill its responsibilities and obligations as a port State, flag State, and developing country, and strengthen port supervision and compliance capabilities. Meanwhile, China also faces risks such as insufficient law enforcement capacity and certain developed states’ discriminatory inspections against Chinese fishing vessels. The research concludes that China should coordinate domestic laws with the Agreement on Port State Measures and other relevant laws and regulations, complete the upgrading and transformation of its domestic fishery industry, fulfill its responsibilities as a port State, flag State, and contracting party, establish standardized law enforcement procedures, improve the capacity of supervision and law enforcement, enhance the institutionalization, informatization, and intelligentization of fishery management, and actively participate in regional and international fishery cooperation. This article further discusses the accession to the Agreement marks China’s transformation from a “rule adapter” to an “rule builder” in global fishery governance, providing a practical path for balancing domestic sustainable fishery development with participation in global governance and constructing a maritime community with a shared future.
Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution
Muhammad Fikri Irsyadillah, Yusnaini Yusnaini, Ika Sasti Ferina
This study aims to test and analyze the effect of inflation, interest rates, and Earnings Per Share (EPS) on the stock prices of companies listed on the Small-Mid Cap Liquid Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Utilizing annual data from 2020 to 2023, obtained from company annual reports and official economic indicators, the study employs purposive sampling to select 192 companies meeting specific criteria from an initial population of 252. Panel data regression analysis is conducted using the Random Effect Model (REM), incorporating control variables such as Return on Assets (ROA), Firm Size (FS), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). Guided by Signaling Theory, the results indicate that inflation has a significant negative effect on stock prices, interest rates have no significant effect, and EPS has a significant positive effect. The model explains 56.54% of the variation in stock prices (R² = 0.5654). These findings contribute to the understanding of how macroeconomic factors and company performance influence stock valuations in emerging markets, providing valuable insights for investors and policymakers.
Hillary Agamez, Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro, Paolo Axolotl
et al.
Los textos aquí reunidos dan testimonio de cómo académiques, artistas y activistas han entretejido, mariqueado, andado, liberado y divinizado sus vidas, (auto)narrativas, cuerpos, territorios, sentires, pensares, actuares y ancestralidades. En sus caminares, han nombrado y reclamado en re-existencia vocabularios de lucha y de ternura como la “afroalegría” en el poema de Marduk Salam, la resignificación del saberse “el maricón de la clase” en la narrativa de Alejandra Jiménez Máñez, el orgullo de ser “loca” reflejado en las pinturas de Guillermo Correa Montoya, la “fuerza que abraza” del poema de Ana Gamarra Altamar y Hillary Agamez, el “tejido” y el “juego” triki descrito en el cuento de Paolo Axolotl y el “catecismo antipatriarcado”, la “Maternalia cuier”, el “afrofuturo eterno”, la “afroVida” y el “prietagonismo” del manantial poético de Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro.
The book under review is a new monograph by L.S. Voronkov ‘Liberal values in theory and practice. On the issues of intellectual decolonization of Russia’, published in 2024. The reviewer discusses in detail several key topics and central ideas of the book under consideration. The first section covers the author’s views on a set of problems related to the specifics of power relations and the role of political elites in Western liberal democratic states. It also highlights the political and economic contradictions inherent to the liberal democratic model of social development, propagated by the countries of the ‘collective West’ in order to maintain their own dominance in the system of international relations. It is shown that, along with economic and political instruments, Western elites do not disdain practices of cultural hegemony, arising from the colonialism and neocolonialism. The second section considers L.S. Voronkov’s views on the issues of intellectual colonialism. Special attention is paid to the role of Western approaches within the theory of international relations in legitimizing and promoting the interests of the United States and its allies. It is shown that these approaches, positioned as strictly scientific, actually represented a sophisticated system aimed at concealing the real economic interests of Western countries. In this context, the book by L.S. Voronkov is of particular interest since it makes a strong case for the development of Russia’s own perspective on international relations, with due regard to its specific historical features. Although some author’s conclusions and observations can be contested, L.S. Voronkov’s monograph will hopefully contribute to the emergence of Russian sovereign international relations studies.
There have been new facets of multilateralism, which have motivated the realignment of traditional power relations established globally, especially regarding the United States and China. This new strategic environment can be observed in changes made to the Brazilian National Defense White Paper (LBDN) of 2020, as well as in the dialectic between white papers of the United States (2017), and China (2019). To investigate these realignments and their possible impacts on the Brazilian defense sector, the analysis was carried out in two phases: (1) analysis of the general characteristics of the Defense White Papers by the USA and China; and (2) comparison of discourses conveyed in chapters on international cooperation in each Defense White Paper. Speech patterns were analyzed according to rationales of Lexical Semantics and Critical Discourse Analysis. As a result, elements of semantic fields, intertextuality and modality in discourse were pointed out as parameters that could contribute to the evaluation of cooperation and deterrence/dissuasion actions to be adopted by the USA and China in the 21st century.
We consider the resonant Fermi gas, that is, two-component fermions in three dimensions interacting by a short-range potential of large scattering length. We introduce a quantity, the three-body contact, that determines several observables. Within the zero-range model, the number of nearby fermion triplets, the large-momentum tail of the center-of-mass momentum distribution of nearby fermion pairs, as well as the large-momentum tail of the two-particle momentum distribution, are expressed in terms of the three-body contact. For a small finite interaction range, the formation rate of deeply bound dimers by three-body recombination, as well as the three-body contribution to the finite-range correction to the energy, are expressed in terms of the three-body contact and of a three-body parameter. This three-body parameter, which vanishes in the zero-range limit, is defined through the asymptotic behavior of the zero-energy scattering state at distances intermediate between the range and the two-body scattering length. In general, the three-body contact has different contributions labeled by spin and angular momentum indices, and the three-body parameter can depend on those indices. We also include the generalization to unequal masses for $\uparrow$ and $\downarrow$ particles. With respect to the relation between three-body loss rate and number of nearby triplets stated in [Petrov, Salomon and Shlyapnikov, PRL 93, 090404 (2004)], the present work adds a derivation, expresses the proportionality factor in terms of the three-body parameter, and includes the general case where there are several contributions to the three-body contact and several three-body parameters.
Sari Mutiara Aisyah, M. Yustian Yusa, Nur Aslamiah Supli
et al.
The downstreaming option to provide added value to local industries, especially developing countries in the Global Value Chain (GVC) era as a way to increase competitiveness and seizing global markets, is inevitable. This paper focus on the analysis of the developments and limitations faced in the implementation of the Strategic Policy of South Sumatra Rubber Product Downstreaming with the establishment of Tanjung Api-Api Special Economic Zone. At the regional level, the idea of developing SEZ (Special Economic Zone) aims to prepare investment institutions in improving the investment climate in Southeast Asia region and manifesting ASEAN as a single market and production base as a component of the 2015 ASEAN Economic Community. This study used an exploratory and descriptive qualitative research method, where the depth and context of the data are important. Data from this study consisted of secondary data through literature study and analysis of documents and primary data obtained from interview as well as through field research. The author concludes that the industrial downstreaming of rubber products in South Sumatra has not been maximally carried out, it was still segmented, it was not conducted linearly, both production and coordination between the central government and the locals. Tanjung Api-Api SEZ as a hub for international trade and industrialization of rubber commodities also encountered various obstacles including infrastructure (deep sea port) at this point was inadequate, certainty of fiscal incentives for companies relocating to SEZ and licensing.
The work "International Taxation and its impact on Georgian Business Subjects" discusses the essence, types of international taxation and ways to prevent it. Object of international taxation, taxable base and rates, features based on the taxpayer. The approaches of states and its impact on the activities of business entities. The aim of the work was to study the theoretical and methodological bases of international taxation in the tax system of Georgia and to present the existing problems. To get acquainted with the activities of the free industrial zones in our country and to evaluate them. Sharing opinions and expressing one's attitude towards it. The work presents the opinion on the impact of the approaches and recommendations of our country's legislation on international taxation on the business sector of Georgia to correct the current situation.
Dust in spiral galaxies produces emission in the far-infrared (FIR) and internal absorption in visible wavelengths. However, the relation of the two amounts is not trivial because optical absorption may saturate, but the FIR emission does not. Moreover, the volume concentration of dust plays a role in the relation of absorption and emission, which depends on the size of the galaxy. We explore the relation of these three quantities. In order to understand the geometrical problem, we developed a model of dust distribution. We also investigated the relation of the three variables with real data of spiral galaxies at z<0.2 using the spectroscopic SDSS and FIR AKARI surveys. Internal absorptions were derived with two different methods: the ratio of emission lines H$_α$ and H$_β$, and a previously calibrated relation based on the color variations as a function of absolute magnitude and concentration index. We find that in our low-z sample, the dependence of the average internal attenuation on galaxy size is negligible on average. It allows us to derive the internal attenuation of the galaxy, $A_V$, even when we only know its FIR flux. This attenuation approximately depends on the inclination of the galaxy $i$ as $\overline {A_V}=γ_V \log _{10}\left(\frac{1}{\cos i}\right)$, where $γ_V$ is a constant. We found that $γ_V$ has a maximum value of $1.45\pm 0.27$ magnitudes. When similar properties of dust are assumed, a general expression can be used at any $z$. For cases of nonsaturation, this might be used as a cosmological test. Although the present-day sensitivity of FIR or mm surveys does not allow us to carry out this cosmological test at z>2 within the standard model, it may be used in the future. For much lower z or different cosmological models, a test might be feasible at present.
Brazilian projection towards South America has been an important issue since its re-democratization process in the 1980s. Still, Brazil’s regional behavior could not be considered as a hegemony, under the realist point of view, that is, exerted by its hard power. Nor liberal, considering the option for multiplicities initiatives and a low level of institutionalization. Therefore, we propose to apply the Gramscian concept of hegemony to analyze if Brazil could exert hegemony towards South America throughout its participation in regional integration processes. To do so, we have chosen to use a qualitative method of analysis along with a typical case-study to develop a prelaminar theory illustration, based upon a literature review of the Brazilian foreign policy (primary and secondary sources). This inquiry leads us to argue that there is a dubiety regarding Brazil’s regional action. Firstly, due to the lack of institutionalization of South American regional organizations and; secondly, because Brazilian foreign policy was not able to wield coercive power during regional crises. However, even considering that Brazil’s projection towards the region do not represent a typical case of hegemony (realist), bearing in mind the findings low rates of validity beyond this case-study, there are enough evidences that its actions in many arrangements as leader and constructor of consensus it is a way to employ hegemony (Gramscian) in regional terms.
We introduce the theory of enrichment over an internal monoidal category as a common generalization of both the standard theories of enriched and internal categories. The aim of the paper is to justify and contextualize the new notion by comparing it to other known generalizations of enrichment: namely, those for indexed categories and for generalized multicategories. It turns out that both of these notions are closely related to internal enrichment and, as a corollary, to each other.
The state of charge (SoC) and the rate of charging/discharging current are the vital parameters associated with a battery by which its accurate runtime can be estimated. This paper aims to design a controller which comprises of a field-programmable gate array, back to back connected dc-dc converters, and a resistive touch display based graphical user interface (GUI). The controller estimates SoC and performs constant current charging or discharging of the battery. The implementation of GUI is to input the reference charging/discharging current from the user and to display the SoC. This research delves into battery and obtains its internal parameters by conducting hybrid pulse power characterization test. Furthermore, the obtained internal parameters are processed through an extended Kalman filter which yields the SoC. This controller has large applications in the renewable energy system, battery testing system, smart residential energy management systems, and micro-grids.
Duc P. Truong, Erik Skau, Vladimir I. Valtchinov
et al.
Currently, high-dimensional data is ubiquitous in data science, which necessitates the development of techniques to decompose and interpret such multidimensional (aka tensor) datasets. Finding a low dimensional representation of the data, that is, its inherent structure, is one of the approaches that can serve to understand the dynamics of low dimensional latent features hidden in the data. Nonnegative RESCAL is one such technique, particularly well suited to analyze self-relational data, such as dynamic networks found in international trade flows. Nonnegative RESCAL computes a low dimensional tensor representation by finding the latent space containing multiple modalities. Estimating the dimensionality of this latent space is crucial for extracting meaningful latent features. Here, to determine the dimensionality of the latent space with nonnegative RESCAL, we propose a latent dimension determination method which is based on clustering of the solutions of multiple realizations of nonnegative RESCAL decompositions. We demonstrate the performance of our model selection method on synthetic data and then we apply our method to decompose a network of international trade flows data from International Monetary Fund and validate the resulting features against empirical facts from economic literature.
In the mid-1950s-1960s the Soviet Orientalists were facing serious challenges. The collapse of the colonial system, the growth of national liberation movements, the entry of new forces that did not fit into the rigid framework of the Communist ideas about the revolutionary process, demanded realistic explanations of what was happening. The article attempts to consider some breakthrough ideas and assessments of historical events in the Middle East put forward by the Soviet experts. The review is primarily based on the publications of Soviet specialists published in the 1970’s. Among those who studied the new trends and tried to explain their further development were Soviet Arabists. At that time their circle was small. Among those who were engaged in political problems of the Arab world, one can name I.P. Belyaev, E.M. Primakov, G.I. Mirsky, A.M. Vasilyev. They had different backgrounds, but all had managed to form in their studies a fairly complete picture of political trends and state-building in the Arab world. Despite the domination of the official dogmas the leading Soviet researchers were able to present a realistic picture of the region, although their «untimely meditations» were presented in a form acceptable to the Communist ideology.The primitive division of society into the bourgeoisie, the proletariat, peasantry and landlords and the hopes for eventual development of communist parties worldwide both did not reflect the realities in the Third World countries and did not leave room for the Soviet Union there. Due to ideological reasons the USSR could not support nationalist movements abroad. Nevertheless, the Soviet leadership passed the first test for the ability to reassess their ideological stereotypes in the early 1950s, when the leaders of the Egyptian revolution turned to the USSR for military assistance. In order to justify the pragmatic choice in favor of supporting the new Arab nationalist leaders, the Soviet scholars developed the concept of three consecutive and co-dependent revolutionary flows: first, the national liberation movement overthrowing the colonial system; second, the world labor movement overthrowing the capitalist system politically; and, third, the world communist movement overthrowing the capitalist system in economic terms.It was also important for the Soviet leaders to explain the orientation of the young decolonized nationalist regimes towards the USSR, without using the argument of just political expediency. Such an explanation was the theory of the non-capitalist path of development or socialist orientation. It posed that capitalism cannot solve any of the problems of developing countries. Their interest in rapid overcoming of backwardness and maintaining national sovereignty cannot be combined with the choice of a capitalist development model. The theory of socialist orientation was based on original ideas of Marxism founders and further developed by Lenin who insisted that economically underdeveloped countries can with the help of the proletariat from advanced countries go directly to socialism bypassing capitalism.The reality of revolutions without the proletariat and the desire to take advantage of the anti-colonial struggle to establish full-scale presence of the USSR in the Middle Eats made the Soviet leadership more tolerant of scientists' attempts to realistically analyze regional trends and developments.For instance, in the Soviet era, politicians were tempted to explain all conflicts in the regions of the Third world, and particularly in the Middle East exclusively by the workings of imperialism. However, Soviet scholars, E.M. Primakov among them, warned in their studies of the dangers of such simplified estimates. Still relevant today also is G. Mirsky’s explanation of the major role the army plays in the politics of the Middle East. He argued that in the traditional societies of the region the army was the only modern, nationwide institution.The works of the Soviet scholars can help better understand contemporary trends. Their studies of driving forces of the revolutions in the Arab world, of the nationalistic regimes, of regional conflicts have not lost their relevance today. They warn the modern generation of researchers against simplistic conclusions, a temptation of politicized assessments and of ignoring the complexity of regional issues.
The article presents the study results of the world trade stagnation issues associated with the WTO systemic crisis. The aim of the article is to summarize the main reasons for the world trade system disintegration and to identify feasible directions for the world economic order transformation. The G20 trade-restricting measures were analyzed based on the statistical databases of the WTO and the non-governmental organization Global Trade Alert (GTA). The views of leading domestic and foreign experts on the consequences of liberalization of the world trade in goods and services were summarized. The author systematized the reasons for the world trade system disintegration, including: the US anti-globalization policy aimed at containing the PRC; counteracting unipolar globalization by the Southeast Asian nations; developed countries’ rejecting the growing participation of developing countries in redistributing global resources; inefficiency of international organizations in solving problems of global imbalances, inequality and instability of the global financial system. Structuring disintegration processes revealed its main trends: protectionism, regionalism, trans-regionalism. There were shown mechanisms to keep the US in the European Union due to companies providing professional services to European business. The author evaluated Russia and China’s competitive advantages in the production chains of the new technological structure. The areas of cooperation between Russia and the BRICS countries for realizing export potential in agriculture, aviation and nuclear industries were determined. The prospects for trade and economic relations in Eurasia are discussed in terms of changing the economic paradigm and shifting the regulation of the global economy problems to the regional level.
The National Security Council of Malaysia has declared the east coast of Sabah as the Eastern Sabah Security Zone (ESSZONE) to inhibit security threats and enhance security in the east coast of Sabah. This study employed an in-depth interview with the stakeholders involved in security governance and development in the study area. The selection of stakeholders was based on expert sampling. Secondary data relating to maritime economic activities were also used to reinforce the findings of the in-depth interview. The study areas were Tawau (Sabah) and Sebatik Island. Sebatik Island is divided into two regions; the northern region is owned by Malaysia and the south is owned by Indonesia. This paper examined the impact of ESSZONE’s security policy toward economic activities in Tawau and Sebatik Island. The security policy implemented by the Eastern Sabah Security Command (ESSCOM) in Sabah’s east coast has a negative impact on maritime economic activities in Tawau and Pulau Sebatik. Therefore, the government must re-evaluate the security measures in Tawau and Pulau Sebatik waters, and the curfew regulations in particular, because the security threat is lower and more manageable than in Sandakan, Tawau, Kunak, Lahad Datu, Semporna, and Kinabatangan, which form the hot spot area. Furthermore, the government should consider appropriate measures to balance the objectives of security and economic interests, depending on the level of security threat zones.
El presente artículo tiene como fin presentar el diseño de un sistema de evaluación del transporte público en Quito. Se propuso esta temática debido a que el sistema de transporte público en Quito y otras ciudades de Latinoamérica no ha sido planificado adecuadamente, lo cual provoca problemas en la calidad del servicio como altos tiempos de espera, incomodidad al desplazarse, inseguridad, entre otros aspectos.
Con el objetivo de ofrecer un mejor servicio se propone el diseño de una aplicación móvil, mediante la cual los usuarios podrán evaluar el servicio otorgado y a su vez los transportistas y la Alcaldía del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito tendrán acceso a esta información mediante un portal web tal que se pueda ejercer un correcto control del servicio. Se desarrolló una planificación basada en la metodología PMBOK ya que al tratarse de un ente público se requiere mayor nivel de documentación y detalle en los procesos.
Péter Biró, Márton Gyetvai, Radu Stefan Mincu
et al.
In kidney exchange programmes patients with end-stage renal failure may exchange their willing, but incompatible living donors among each other. National kidney exchange programmes are in operation in ten European countries, and some of them have already conducted international exchanges through regulated collaborations. The exchanges are selected by conducting regular matching runs (typically every three months) according to well-defined constraints and optimisation criteria, which may differ across countries. In this work we give integer programming formulations for solving international kidney exchange problems, where the optimisation goals and constraints may be different in the participating countries and various feasibility criteria may apply for the international cycles and chains. We also conduct simulations showing the long-run effects of international collaborations for different pools and under various national restrictions and objectives.
This paper traces the origins of the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA), its structure and mandate, its activities and accomplishments, and its anticipated activities related to the future directions of the field of particle physics.