Hasil untuk "Industry"

Xin Hu, Zhengying Luo, Shenglin Ren et al.

Dongri He, Ming Yang, Rong Jiang et al.

Abstract In recent years, the financial industry has become a disaster area for information leakage, which has serious implications for user privacy security. In the absence of risk identification and assessment, the risk will be difficult to prevent, and once the risk occurs it will directly cause serious losses. Therefore, this study plans to construct a comprehensive assessment framework combining fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory, aiming at assessing the weights and risk levels of the privacy security risks of financial services. (Privacy security risks refer to integrated factors in management, security, or other aspects that may lead to user privacy leakage, and they are considered an integrated concept.) The case study illustrates that the model and method proposed in this paper are effective and feasible. Finally, a comparison with the current mainstream privacy security assessment methods demonstrates that the method proposed in this paper is more capable of objectively and quantitatively reflecting the real privacy risks, providing users with more perspectives of the assessment results, and helping users to reasonably manage their personal privacy information, so as to effectively prevent and control the privacy risks.

Dickson Stuart Tayebwa, Dickson Stuart Tayebwa, Colin Ssekandi et al.

IntroductionUganda ranks among the top ten countries globally for reported dog bites, with an average of 14,865 cases annually, and records an estimated 486 human rabies deaths per year—partly due to the overwhelming number of free-roaming dogs (FRDs). Given that FRDs stem from societal mismanagement, sustainable control strategies must be rooted in meaningful community involvement. However, such community-based data remains largely unavailable in Uganda, hindering efforts to manage the growing FRD population.MethodsWe conducted a structured survey of 3,307 participants split between selected urban and rural areas in Uganda in 2023 to assess public attitudes and perceptions toward FRDs. Respondents were also asked to suggest appropriate control measures. We used chi-square tests to analyze sociodemographic differences and logistic regression to identify factors associated with attitudes toward FRDs.ResultsThe results showed that 81.9% of urban and 64.9% of rural respondents encountered FRDs daily. Attitudes toward FRDs were predominantly negative: 81.8% of respondents considered them a public health threat, and 57.1% viewed them as a nuisance. However, 76.3% also expressed empathy toward roaming dogs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that positive attitudes toward FRDs were associated with having a religious background, higher income, lower education levels, and residence in rural areas. Community-suggested control strategies included sterilization, public education on responsible dog ownership, and, controversially, poisoning.DiscussionThe findings highlight strong community awareness of the FRD issue, particularly as two of the top proposed measures—sterilization and public education—align with the World Organisation for Animal Health’s (WOAH) recommended strategies for managing roaming dog populations. Authorities can leverage the prevailing negative perceptions to design and implement humane, community-supported control strategies. Simultaneously, those who express empathy toward FRDs can be encouraged to translate their concern into proactive measures that reduce roaming behaviour.

Xiaoqian Yuchi, Xuanhong Du, Pan Shu et al.

Abstract Aiming at the complex issue of dynamic disasters induced by hard rock layers fracture during the mining of gently inclined close distance coal seams, this study employs an integrated approach combining numerical simulation, microseismic monitoring, and mechanical analysis to investigate the fracture evolution process of hard rock layers under the influence of an inverted trapezoidal overburden. A cantilever beam structural model of interlayer rock layers was established, from which the deflection curve and rotation angle equation at the critical fracture state were derived. The elastic energy released upon fracture of the cantilever beam was quantified. Furthermore, by considering the characteristics of the overburden above residual coal pillars, the interplay among the total energy released during interlayer rock fracture, the strength of the cantilever structure, and the inverted trapezoidal overburden load was elucidated. Specifically, a heavier inverted trapezoidal load increases the disaster-induced energy applied to the cantilever structure, a longer cantilever beam accumulates greater elastic energy, and a stiffer beam structure can accumulate more energy. The interaction between these three factors makes it easy to induce strong mining pressure when the hard rock layers break during close distance coal seam mining. Accordingly, combined prevention measures involving water injection softening and blasting roof cutting were proposed to mitigate dynamic hazards and ensure safe mine production.

Rahele Sadeghzadeh, Fatemeh Rafieian, Mahdi Keshani et al.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterium that has the ability to form multicellular biofilm (BF) communities. Due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances, BF protects bacteria from unfavorable environmental conditions and causes their resistance to antimicrobial substances. The presence of BF in the food industry has become a great threat to food safety. Conventional disinfection technologies are inappropriate for effective BF control due to the resistances created to them and the toxic residues for humans and the environment that they leave behind. Therefore, it is necessary to understand more about the formation and development of BF and environmentally friendly methods to remove BF from food and equipment in contact with food. This review article describes BF formation, its resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial agents, and BF development. Also, novel and effective strategies involved in BF removal are discussed including physical methods (plasma, pulsed electric field and ultrasonication), physicochemical method (electrolyzed water), biological methods (enzymes and bacteriophages), natural compounds such as essential oils, and application of nanomaterials.

Yuichi Koshiishi, Kenta Wada

Abstract The emu is a novel poultry species in Japan. However, Japanese farmed emu populations have reduced genetic diversity owing to inbreeding. We have previously suggested that there are genetic resources in the Tohoku Safari Park (TSP) and Fuji/Kakegawa Kachoen Garden Park (FGP/KGP) to extend the genetic diversity of commercial emu farms based on microsatellite (SSR) and mitochondrial DNA. However, those markers provide relatively poor information. Thus, we investigated the genetic structure of farmed Japanese populations based on a large-scale genotyping system using RAD-seq and verified the usefulness of TSP and FGP/KGP as genetic resources for expanding genetic diversity. Admixture, phylogenetic, and principal component analyses based on 28,676 SNPs showed that TSP individuals were ancestors in the Okhotsk Emu Farm (OEF). FGP/KGP individuals showed a unique genetic component that differed from that of the others. We have previously reported that the mitochondrial haplotypes of FGP/KGP were shared with an isolated wild population in eastern Australia. These results suggest that FGP/KGP individuals originated from an eastern Australia isolated population different from other populations including ancestral of OEF/TSP. Our results would provide information for the development of Japanese emu farms and industry and for the conservation of genetic resources in the Australian wild emu.

BI Caixia

The research and application of risk analysis and evaluation for underground gas storage facilities are critical due to their diverse equipment, complex process flows, and numerous risk factors. In particular, corrosion failure accidents in ground process pipelines at these facilities have become increasingly common in recent years. Effective and accurate analysis of the causes of these corrosion failures is essential for ensuring the safe operation of underground gas storage facilities. This article presents a risk assessment methodology that leverages data and knowledge fusion. The process begins with a statistical analysis of the corrosion failure data from ground process pipelines in underground gas storage facilities, from which a Bayesian corrosion prediction model is developed. This model serves as the foundation for analyzing the basic events that lead to corrosion failure in these pipelines. Subsequently, a knowledge model of corrosion failure is established, and a detailed analysis of corrosion causes is conducted using the fault tree specific to corrosion failure in ground process pipelines. The importance of each basic event within the fault tree is quantified through the structural importance coefficient assigned to each event. The analysis categorizes the influencing factors of corrosion failure into four main groups. A judgment matrix is then created to determine the relative weight values of these different influencing factors. This matrix is crucial for setting the weight factors in the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, which ultimately determines the risk level of corrosion failure in ground process pipelines at underground gas storage facilities. By applying examples of corrosion risk assessments for ground process pipelines, this study provides a scientific basis for enhancing safety management and operational practices at underground gas storage facilities.

Kwan Woo Kim, Banseok Lee, Sujeong Eom et al.

AbstractRift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease causing acute hemorrhagic fever. Accurate identification of mutations and phylogenetic characterization of RVF virus (RVFV) require whole-genome analysis. Universal primers to amplify the entire RVFV genome from clinical samples with low copy numbers are currently unavailable. Thus, we aimed to develop universal primers applicable for all known RVFV strains. Based on the genome sequences available from public databases, we designed eight pairs of universal PCR primers covering the entire RVFV genome. To evaluate primer universality, four RVFV strains (ZH548, Kenya 56 (IB8), BIME-01, and Lunyo), encompassing viral phylogenetic diversity, were chosen. The nucleic acids of the test strains were chemically synthesized or extracted via cell culture. These RNAs were evaluated using the PCR primers, resulting in successful amplification with expected sizes (0.8–1.7 kb). Sequencing confirmed that the products covered the entire genome of the RVFV strains tested. Primer specificity was confirmed via in silico comparison against all non-redundant nucleotide sequences using the BLASTn alignment tool in the NCBI database. To assess the clinical applicability of the primers, mock clinical specimens containing human and RVFV RNAs were prepared. The entire RVFV genome was successfully amplified and sequenced at a viral concentration of 108 copies/mL. Given the universality, specificity, and clinical applicability of the primers, we anticipate that the RVFV universal primer pairs and the developed method will aid in RVFV phylogenomics and mutation detection.

Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo, Barlin O. Olivares, Oscar Silva-Escobar et al.

<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) (Syn. <i>Fusarium odoratissimum</i>) is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that infects the roots of banana plants and causes Fusarium wilt disease. Colombia is one of the world’s leading banana producers; therefore, new uncontrolled outbreaks could have serious consequences. Despite this, little is known about the susceptibility of Musaceae lands in Colombia to Foc TR4. This work presents a pioneering study on the susceptibility of Colombian soils to Foc TR4. For this, a study was carried out to characterize climatic, edaphic, and density factors of Musaceae productive systems at the Colombian level, articulated with expert criteria to map and define areas with different levels of susceptibility to Foc R4T. These criteria are typically selected based on the existing scientific literature, consultation with domain experts, and consideration of established methods for assessing soil health and disease susceptibility in Musaceae plantations. By joining the analyzed susceptibility factors, differentiated areas were generated that imply a greater or lesser predisposition to the disease. Subsequently, a validation of the classification was made with Random Forest. The results indicate that at the level of climate, soil, and farm density as a fit factor, practically 50% of the cultivated territory of Musaceae are areas high and very highly susceptible to the pathogen (572,000 km²). The results showed that from the total Musaceae area, Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, and Santander turned out to be the departments with the highest proportion of very high susceptibility class of the production farms. The analysis of Random Forest classification performance shows that the model has a relatively low out-of-bag (OOB) error rate (0.023). The study on the susceptibility is highly novel and original, as it represents the first systematic investigation of Foc TR4 susceptibility in Colombian soils. This paper provides important insights into the susceptibility of Musaceae lands in Colombia to Foc TR4. The study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring, containment, and control measures to prevent the spread of this deadly pathogen and protect Colombia’s important banana industry.

Romulus Costache, Hazem Ghassan Abdo, Arun Pratap Mishra et al.

AbstractIn this work, the vulnerability to flooding in the Prahova River basin was calculated and analyzed using advanced methods and techniques. Thus, 2 hybrid models represented by Iterative Classifier Optimizer – Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree – Certainty Factor (ICO-LADT-CF) and Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process – Certainty Factor (FAHP-CF) were generated, which had as input data the values of 10 flood predictors and a number of 158 points where historical floods occurred. In the first step, the Certainty Factor values were calculated, which were then used in the Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process and Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree models. It should be mentioned that the Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree model was optimized with the help of the Iterative Classifier Optimizer. In the case of both ensemble models the slope angle was the most important flood conditioning factor. Moreover, according to Certainty Factor modelling the 8 classes/categories achieved the maximum value of 1. Next, the susceptibility to floods on the surface of the study area was derived. On average, about 20% of the study area has areas with high and medium susceptibility to flash floods. After evaluating the quality of the models through Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve, the following results emerged: Success Rate for Flood Potential Index (FPI) Iterative Classifier Optimizer – Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree – Certainty Factor (ICO-LADT-CF) (Area Under Curve = 0.985) and Flood Potential Index (FPI) Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process – Certainty Factor (FAHP-CF) (Area Under Curve = 0.967); Prediction Rate for Flood Potential Index (FPI) Iterative Classifier Optimizer – Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree – Certainty Factor (ICO-LADT-CF) (Area Under Curve = 0.952) and Flood Potential Index Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process – Certainty Factor (FAHP-CF) (Area Under Curve = 0.913). At the same time, the accuracies of the models were: Training dataset − 0.943 (Iterative Classifier Optimizer – Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree – Certainty Factor) and 0.931 (Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process – Certainty Factor); Validating dataset − 0.935 (Iterative Classifier Optimizer – Multiclass Alternating Decision Tree – Certainty Factor) and 0.926 (Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process – Certainty Factor). As main conclusion, it can be mentioned that the 2 ensemble models outperform the previous machine learning models applied on the same study area before.

Jingyu Zhao, Hanqi Ming, Tao Guo et al.

Abstract Temperature variation and gas generation at different depths and positions in the coal combustion process were studied to determine the propagation and evolution of high temperature regions in the process of coal spontaneous combustion. This study selected coal samples from Mengcun, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China, and developed a semi-enclosed experimental system (furnace) for simulating coal combustion. The thermal mass loss of coal samples under various heating rates (5, 10, and 15 °C/min) was analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis, and the dynamic characteristics of the coal samples were analyzed; the reliability of the semi-enclosed experimental system was verified through the equal proportional method of fuzzy response. The results reveal that the high-temperature zone is distributed nonlinearly from the middle to the front end of the furnace, and the temperatures of points in this zone decreased gradually as the layer depth increased. The apparent activation energy of the coal samples during combustion first increased and then decreased as the conversion degree increased. Furthermore, the proportion of mass loss and the mass loss rate in the coal samples observed in the thermogravimetric experiment is consistent with that observed in the first and second stages of the experiment conducted using the semi-enclosed system. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of high-temperature zones in coal combustion.

Mengnan ZUO, Wei LIU, Qi QUAN et al.

Lactic acid bacteria are of great benefit to human life and are extremely important research objects in industrial and commercial production. High-density culture of lactic acid bacteria is an important step for its industrial application. High-density culture of lactic acid bacteria can obtain higher bacterial density with lower culture volume and shorter culture cycle, improve fermentation speed and fermentation effect, and reduce the subsequent use of starter, control equipment investment and reduce production cost in production practice. High-density culture of lactic acid bacteria is affected by factors such as production strains, medium, fermentation conditions, and fermentation modes. This paper mainly reviewed nutrient consumption mode, medium, culture condition, culture technology from high-density culture of lactic acid bacteria. Finally, the future research directions were prospected, in order to provide theoretical basis for the efficient preparation and industrial application of lactic acid bacteria starter.

Zhenyu Huang, Ying Yang, Fengmei Zhang

Attention is increasingly being paid to the influence of hinterland cities on port competitiveness, but in-depth research is lacking on the formation conditions and mechanism of hinterland cities’ influence on port competitiveness. Based on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework and the characteristics of Chinese government organizational behavior, in this study, we used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to conduct a condition configuration analysis of 21 coastal ports and their hinterland cities in China. The findings showed the following: (1) The technology, organization, and environment conditions of hinterland cities cannot provide the necessary conditions for high or low port competitiveness alone: different combinations of these conditions have produced three high and four low port competitiveness configurations. (2) The three configurations of high port competitiveness are the organization–environment, economy–balance, and finance–balance types. Adequate government financial supply, high tertiary industry proportion, good economic development, and market openness are the core conditions required for achieving high port competitiveness. (3) The four configurations of low port competitiveness are finance–facilities–environment, capability–finance–environment, technology–finance–economy, and capability–industry–economy restrictions. Here, low-level innovation capability, inadequate government financial supply, and low tertiary industry proportion are the core conditions leading to low port competitiveness. We revealed the concurrent synergistic effect of the three conditions of technology, organization, and environment in hinterland cities and demonstrated the causal complexity and asymmetry of the impact of hinterland cities on port competitiveness. Our conclusions provide empirical evidence that will aid hinterland cities in formulating differentiated port competitiveness promotion policies according to their own conditions and endowments.

Didem Gürdür, Jad El-khoury, Martin Törngren

Ertugrul GURESCİ

Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, Silk was believed to have first been produced in China as early as the Neolithic Period. Sericulture has become an important cottage industry in countries such as Brazil, China, France, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Russia. Today, China and India are the two main producers, with more than 60% of the world's annual production. In this case, the sericulture production in Turkey, as the export-oriented shows could increase in the future. Sericulture production was begun in Anatolia which is Asian part of Turkey in A.D. 552 during Byzantium Emperor of Justinianus. The city of Bursa became a textile city which was famous for silk and silk trade centre. In middle of 16th silk textile industry was developed. Apart from city of Bursa, cities of Istanbul, dirne, Amasya, Denizli, Izmir and Konya were important sericulture centers In addition; the increase of government support in sericult production is also hope for the future of sericulture production in Turkey. In this study, using the silkworm cocoon data between the years of 1991-2019, the future 5-year production is estimated. For this, estimates were tested in the MINITAB program using the ARIMA Model, which is widely used in agricultural production estimates. Unconscious use of pesticides in Turkey, problems with mulberry tree cultivation, technical problems and rural-urban migration results are known to be important issues of the sericulture sector.However, thanks to government subsidies and export-oriented policies, it has been determined that silkworm cocoon production will increase in the next 5 years.

Mo Yang, Dinghua Zhang, Baohai Wu et al.

In recent years, the energy problem has caused widespread concern in the manufacturing industry. The energy consumption in traditional turning and milling processes has been widely studied. However, there are few studies on the energy consumption of the EDM (Electric Discharge Machining) process, which is also widely used. This article proposed a modeling method for the energy consumption model of EDM based on the discharge between electrodes. The proposed model is composed of processing energy consumption caused by electrode-to-electrode discharge and no-load energy consumption of the machine tool. Based on the discharge principle of EDM and the relationship between EDM machining parameters and MRR (Material Removal Rate), an energy consumption model for EDM machining is established. In this article, validation experiments are designed for important machining parameters, and the prediction accuracy of the theoretical model established in this article is higher than 96%. The energy efficiency in electric machining is also analyzed, and the influence relationship between energy consumption and machining parameters is revealed, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of electric spark punching.

Caoxing Huang, Xucai Wang, Chen Liang et al.

Abstract Background Prehydrolyzate, which is from the prehydrolysis process in dissolving pulps industry, contains various sugar-derived and lignin compounds such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS), gluco-oligosaccharides, xylose, glucose, and soluble lignin (S-L). The XOS has several beneficial effects on human physiology. XOS and S-L in prehydrolyzate are difficult to efficiently fractionate due to their similar molecular weights and water solubility. In this work, we proposed a sustainable and green process using polystyrene divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin to simultaneously separate and recover XOS and S-L. Enzymatic hydrolysis with endo-1,4-β-xylanase and fermentation with P. stipites were sequentially applied to purify XOS to minimize xylose content as well as amplify contents of xylobiose and xylotriose. In addition, 2D-HSQC NMR was used to analyze the structural characteristics of XOS and S-L. Furthermore, the biological abilities of antioxidants and prebiotics of these fractions were investigated by scavenging radicals and cultivating intestinally beneficial bacterias, respectively. Results Results showed that PS-DVB resin could simultaneously separate XOS and solubilized lignin with excellent yields of 93.2% and 85.3%, respectively. The obtained XOS after being purified by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation contained 57.7% of xylobiose and xylotriose. 10.4% amount of inherent xylan was found in the S-L fraction obtained by PS-DVB resin separation. 2D-HSQC NMR revealed that lignin carbohydrate complexes existed in both XOS and S-L as covalent linkages between lignin and 4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan. The biological application results showed that the antioxidant capacity of S-L was stronger than XOS, while XOS was superior in promoting growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria adolescentis and stimulating production of short-chain fatty acids by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Conclusions The proposed strategy of sequentially combining hydrophobic resin separation, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation was successfully demonstrated and resulted in simultaneous production of high-quality XOS and solubilized lignin. These biomass-derived products in prehydrolyzate can be regarded as value-adding prebiotics and antioxidants.

Michelle Sinclair, Tessa Derkley, Claire Fryer et al.

The long distance export of livestock from Australia to Asia has long aroused controversy for suspected animal welfare concerns during and after the voyage. However, there is little or no information on the attitude of the Australian public towards this trade. A total of 522 Australians were surveyed in Brisbane to find out about their understanding of the trade, their attitudes towards it and the influence of demographic factors. Approximately one half of respondents were surveyed just before a media expos&eacute; of cruelty on sheep shipments in 2017 from Australia to the Middle East and one half just after the expos&eacute;, to see the impact of media depiction of cruel treatment of live export sheep. Most respondents believed that they were familiar with the industry, and more after the media expos&eacute; than before. More respondents had negative than positive feelings about the trade, and just over a quarter had no feelings. Twice as many thought it should be ended than maintained, particularly women, but 40% said that it depends, mainly on ethics and animal-based reasons. Those that thought it should not be ended mainly did so to support farmers and the country&rsquo;s economy. Almost one half had seen the media expos&eacute;, particularly older respondents, and expressions of sadness, empathy for the animals and anger were the most common responses to such footage. Although it increased the number of people saying that they were familiar with the trade, it did not affect people&rsquo;s view of the trade, except that fewer indicated that ending the trade was dependent on other factors. It is concluded that the majority of Australian respondents in one capital city had negative views towards the live export trade, and that a media expos&eacute; had some influence on this view.

Xianpeng Zhou

The energy-saving effect of chemical plants is influenced by many factors, it is a complicated and systematic project to evaluate it scientifically and objectively. On the basis of the evaluation criteria of green energy-saving effects of public buildings and factories at home and abroad, this paper combines with the development status of China's chemical industry, formulates the principle for the selection of evaluation indicators for the energy-saving evaluation system of chemical plant green buildings, selects relevant contents including land resources, energy, water resources, and materials as evaluation indicators; this paper uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to calculate the weights of the evaluation indicators in the evaluation system, the results show that, energy, water, and materials account for the largest proportion of the entire evaluation system, and it’s the focus of the energy-saving effect of the chemical plants buildings; at last, this paper constructs energy consumption indicators of chemical plant green buildings to evaluate the comprehensive effect of building energy conservation.