Cross-lagged models are by far the most commonly used method to test the prospective effect of one construct on another, yet there are no guidelines for interpreting the size of cross-lagged effects. This research aims to establish empirical benchmarks for cross-lagged effects, focusing on the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). We drew a quasirepresentative sample of studies published in four subfields of psychology (i.e., developmental, social-personality, clinical, and industrial-organizational). The dataset included 1,028 effect sizes for the CLPM and 302 effect sizes for the RI-CLPM, based on data from 174 samples. For the CLPM, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the distribution corresponded to cross-lagged effect sizes of .03, .07, and .12, respectively. For the RI-CLPM, the corresponding values were .02, .05, and .11. Effect sizes did not differ significantly between the CLPM and RI-CLPM. Moreover, effect sizes did not differ significantly across subfields and were not moderated by design characteristics. However, effect sizes were moderated by the concurrent correlation between the constructs and the stability of the predictor. Based on the findings, we propose to use .03 (small effect), .07 (medium effect), and .12 (large effect) as benchmark values when interpreting the size of cross-lagged effects, for both the CLPM and RI-CLPM. In addition to aiding in the interpretation of results, the present findings will help researchers plan studies by providing information needed to conduct power analyses and estimate minimally required sample sizes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
How does developmental psychology connect with the developing world? What do cultural representations tell us about the contemporary politics of childhood? What is the political economy of childhood? This companion volume to Burman's Deconstructing Developmental Psychology helps us to explain why questions around children and childhood - their safety, their sexuality, their interests and abilities, their violence - have so preoccupied the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In this increasingly post-industrial, post-colonial and multicultural world, this book identifies analytical and practical strategies for improving how we think about and work with children. Drawing in particular on feminist and postdevelopment literatures, the book illustrates how and why reconceptualising our notions of individual and human development, including those informing models of children's rights and interests, will foster more just and equitable forms of professional practice with children and their families. The book brings together completely new, previously unpublished material alongside revised and updated papers to present a cutting-edge and integrated perspective to the field. Burman offers a key contribution to a set of urgent debates engaging theory and method, policy and practice across all the disciplines that work with, or lay claim to, children's interests. Developments presents a coherent and persuasive set of arguments about childhood, culture and professional practice so that the sustained focus across a range of disciplinary arenas (psychology, education, cultural studies, child rights, gender studies, development policy and practice, social policy) strengthens the overall argument of each chapter.
A growing number of publications address the best practices to use Large Language Models (LLMs) for software engineering in recent years. However, most of this work focuses on widely-used general purpose programming languages like Python due to their widespread usage training data. The utility of LLMs for software within the industrial process automation domain, with highly-specialized languages that are typically only used in proprietary contexts, remains underexplored. This research aims to utilize and integrate LLMs in the industrial development process, solving real-life programming tasks (e.g., generating a movement routine for a robotic arm) and accelerating the development cycles of manufacturing systems.
Seth A. Kaplan, John A. Aitken, Blake A. Allan
et al.
Abstract Nearly 100 years ago, economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that, by today, technological advancements would allow the workweek to dwindle to just 15 hours, or 3 hours per day, and that the real problem of humanity would be filling their time with leisure. Although much has changed in the world of work since this prediction, such a drastic change has not taken place. In this article, several industrial-organizational psychology scholars discuss why this is the case. Why do we continue to work as much as we do, and how might that change? More fundamentally, what do these trends, contra Keynes’ prediction, tell us about the nature of work itself? We use this discussion to propose several research directions regarding the nature of work and how it might change in the future. We depict the phenomenon of working hours as multilevel in nature, and we consider both the positive and negative possible implications of working less than we do now.
Academic staff members play a pivotal role in the success of higher education (HE) institutions; therefore, it is essential to cultivate an employment brand that strongly appeals to them. This research explored perceptions of what constitutes an academic employer of choice, focusing on employment branding at a South African HE institution. Although considerable research has been conducted on employment branding, limited attention has been given to the HE sector. A qualitative case study approach using purposive sampling was adopted, and data were collected through 14 one-on-one interviews. The researcher used a self-developed interview guide with the institution’s management, and thematic analysis was applied to interpret the data, producing a narrative of the findings. By applying signalling theory (which denotes information reconciliation between two parties), the research enabled institutional management to critically assess their employment offerings and how they are communicated to both prospective and existing employees. The subthemes that emerged from the overarching theme of employment branding included remuneration and benefits, deliberate management support, professional and personal development, work-life balance, and a sense of fulfilment and purpose. These subthemes represented the elements participants deemed imperative to ensuring an attractive employment brand. Human resource practitioners and HE management are encouraged to reconsider the important determinants of attracting and retaining talent.
Contribution: This research revealed specific aspects that the institution’s management perceived as crucial to creating a pleasant employment experience for their academics. These insights may assist the institution in enhancing its appeal as an employer of choice.
Violeta Perez-Rodriguez,1 Claudia Aymerich,2,3 Ana Catalan,1,3 Sameer Jauhar,4 Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo2,5,6 1Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK; 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK; 3Biobizkaia Health Research Institute. Basque Country University. Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto. Centro de Investigación En Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; 4Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Ioppn, King’s College, London, UK; 5Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; 6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Iisgm, CIBERSAM, Madrid, SpainCorrespondence: Dr Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) King’s College London, Room D1.14, Child Psychiatry Building 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom, Tel +44 0207 848 0002, Email gonzalo.salazar_de_pablo@kcl.ac.ukAbstract: Despite being associated with increased illness severity and suicidality compared to non-psychotic depression, psychotic depression remains under-researched, particularly in adolescents. With this article, we aim to review treatment options for psychotic depression in adolescents. We performed a multi-step narrative review, first identifying studies on adolescents with psychotic depression evaluating any intervention and with any methodological design. We subsequently complemented our search with systematic reviews and meta-analysis evaluating treatment interventions in adults with psychotic depression and adolescents with bipolar depression. Finally, we reviewed clinical guidelines to complement the evidence found and provided recommendations for clinical practice. Based on the findings, we recommend a stepped approach to the treatment of psychotic depression in adolescents. For mild cases with predominance of depressive symptoms, antidepressant monotherapy with a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (eg fluoxetine, sertraline or citalopram) could be trialed first. In severe presentations, antidepressant-antipsychotic combination would be the treatment of choice. The antidepressant-antipsychotic combination has been recommended by several clinical guidelines, systematic reviews and meta-analysis in this population, adolescents with bipolar depression and adults with psychotic depression. Another combination of antidepressant-antipsychotic with evidence from a case report is the fluoxetine-quetiapine combination. For those adolescents not responding to the antidepressant-antipsychotic combination, or those requiring a rapid response or unable to take medication, electroconvulsive therapy could be considered. Psychological interventions (eg cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy training for adolescents) are recommended by clinical guidelines but require further research. Overall, literature on the field is scarce and limited, with most evidence coming from adults and other populations. Further research into effective and safe treatment of psychotic depression in adolescent population is needed.Keywords: treatment, psychosis, mood, teenager
With the development of science and the continuous progress of artificial intelligence technology, Large Language Models (LLMs) have begun to be widely utilized across various fields. However, in the field of psychological counseling, the ability of LLMs have not been systematically assessed. In this study, we assessed the psychological counseling ability of mainstream LLMs using 1096 psychological counseling skill questions which were selected from the Chinese National Counselor Level 3 Examination, including Knowledge-based, Analytical-based, and Application-based question types. The analysis showed that the correctness rates of the LLMs for Chinese questions, in descending order, were GLM-3 (46.5%), GPT-4 (46.1%), Gemini (45.0%), ERNIE-3.5 (45.7%) and GPT-3.5 (32.9%). The correctness rates of the LLMs for English questions, in descending order, were ERNIE-3.5 (43.9%), GPT-4 (40.6%), Gemini (36.6%), GLM-3 (29.9%) and GPT-3.5 (29.5%). A chi-square test indicated significant differences in the LLMs' performance on Chinese and English questions. Furthermore, we subsequently utilized the Counselor's Guidebook (Level 3) as a reference for ERNIE-3.5, resulting in a new correctness rate of 59.6%, a 13.8% improvement over its initial rate of 45.8%. In conclusion, the study assessed the psychological counseling ability of LLMs for the first time, which may provide insights for future enhancement and improvement of psychological counseling ability of LLMs.
Imran Riaz Hasrat, Eun-Young Kang, Christian Uldal Graulund
Safety and reliability are crucial in industrial drive systems, where hazardous failures can have severe consequences. Detecting and mitigating dangerous faults on time is challenging due to the stochastic and unpredictable nature of fault occurrences, which can lead to limited diagnostic efficiency and compromise safety. This paper optimizes the safety and diagnostic performance of a real-world industrial Basic Drive Module(BDM) using Uppaal Stratego. We model the functional safety architecture of the BDM with timed automata and formally verify its key functional and safety requirements through model checking to eliminate unwanted behaviors. Considering the formally verified correct model as a baseline, we leverage the reinforcement learning facility in Uppaal Stratego to optimize the safe failure fraction to the 90 % threshold, improving fault detection ability. The promising results highlight strong potential for broader safety applications in industrial automation.
Ali Bakhshi Movahed, Hamed Nozari, Aminmasoud Bakhshi Movahed
Technology plays an undeniable role in today's industrial world, especially in manufacturing and smart factories. Unlike previous industrial revolutions, humans are at the core of the fifth generation of the Industrial Revolution. One of the critical aspects of Industry 5.0 (I 5.0) is its emphasis on human-centricity. The integration of modern technologies can be clearly observed in smart factories, which offer enhanced comfort and professionalism. This study highlights the significance of I 5.0 and smart factory production (SFP). A total of 36 articles are reviewed and systematically categorized using the meta-synthesis methodology. The research emphasizes the influence of I 5.0 on SFP through the use of modern technologies and comprehensive policy frameworks. This new paradigm has the potential to streamline people's lives and bring a transformative shift to smart factory production lines. Enhancing the structure of factories appears feasible under this optimistic perspective.
Sarah Negash,1 Johannes Horn,1 Eileen Heumann,2 Christiane Stock,2 Hajo Zeeb,3,4 Claudia R Pischke,5 Paula M Matos Fialho,5 Stefanie M Helmer,6 Yasemin Niephaus,7 Rafael Mikolajczyk1 1Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; 2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Berlin, Germany; 3Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology- BIPS, Bremen, Germany; 4Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 5Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; 6Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Faculty 11 Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 7Department of Social Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, GermanyCorrespondence: Rafael Mikolajczyk, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, Halle (Saale), 06112, Germany, Email rafael.mikolajczyk@uk-halle.deBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on students’ financial situation as well as on their mental health.Aim: To examine the reported change in the financial situation of German university students before and across two time points of the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate its associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms.Methods: We used data from the cross-sectional COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study conducted at five German universities (N = 7203). Linear regression models were used to analyze associations between a reported change in financial situation and anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results: Twenty-eight percent of the participants reported to have a worsened financial situation at the time of the survey compared to the time prior to the pandemic. A worsened financial situation at the time of the survey as compared to prior to the pandemic was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms reported in all three depression and anxiety scales [a 1.46 point increase on the CES-D 8 scale (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19; 1.73), a 0.37-point increase in PHQ-2 (95% CI: 0.28; 0.46), and a 0.45-point increase in GAD-2 (95% CI: 0.35; 0.55)]. An improved financial situation, on the other hand, was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. As for the second change, comparing the current financial situation with the situation during the first wave of the pandemic, the associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms were broadly similar.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that students are a vulnerable population in need of mental and financial support during times of crisis. Future research is needed to obtain insights into potential long-term effects of the pandemic on students’ mental health.Keywords: higher education, pandemic, financial situation, mental health, students’ well-being
The aim of this study was to, investigated the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem in the effect of role overload, role conflict, & role ambiguity on task performance & organizational citizenship behavior. The sample of study was 213 employees of the National Iranian Drilling Company who were selected using simple random sampling. In this study, was used standard questionnaires such as Michigan Organizational Assessment (1969), Role Conflict, & Ambiguity (Rizo, Hose, & Lirtzman, 1970), Job Performance (Williamz & Anderson, 1991), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Morrman, & Fetter, 1990), & Organization-based Self-Esteem (Pierce, Gardner, Cummings, Dunham, 1989), & for analyzing data, was used Path Analysis Method. The research model test showed the acceptable fitted of the model. Examination of the direct effects indicated that role ambiguity has a significant and negative effect on task performance (p<0.01), organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.05), & organization-based self-esteem (p<0.01), & organization-based self-esteem has a significant and positive effect on task performance, & organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.01). Also, the indirect effects test showed that organization-based self-esteem has mediating role in the effect of role ambiguity on task performance, & organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.05). Therefore, it is recommend to managers that by using appropriate solutions, reduce role ambiguity and enhance organization-based self-esteem of employees, until in this way, their job performance and organizational citizenship behavior will also increase.
Special aspects of education, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Bruno Santos, Rogério Luís C. Costa, Leonel Santos
Unlocking the potential of Industry 5.0 hinges on robust cybersecurity measures. This new Industrial Revolution prioritises human-centric values while addressing pressing societal issues such as resource conservation, climate change, and social stability. Recognising the heightened risk of cyberattacks due to the new enabling technologies in Industry 5.0, this paper analyses potential threats and corresponding countermeasures. Furthermore, it evaluates the existing industrial implementation frameworks, which reveals their inadequacy in ensuring a secure transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0. Consequently, the paper underscores the necessity of developing a new framework centred on cybersecurity to facilitate organisations' secure adoption of Industry 5.0 principles. The creation of such a framework is emphasised as a necessity for organisations.
Yandika Sirgabsou, Benjamin Hardin, François Leblanc
et al.
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and autonomous driving technologies has significantly propelled the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, psychological barriers continue to impede widespread AV adoption, despite technological progress. This paper addresses the critical yet often overlooked aspect of psychological safety in AV design and operation. While traditional safety standards focus primarily on physical safety, this paper emphasizes the psychological implications that arise from human interactions with autonomous vehicles, highlighting the importance of trust and perceived risk as significant factors influencing user acceptance. The paper makes a methodological proposal, a framework for addressing AVs psychological safety consisting of three key contributions. First, it introduces a definition of psychological safety in AVs context. Secondly, it proposes a risk model for identifying and assessing AVs psychological hazards and risks. PsySIL (Psychological Safety Integrity Level), a classification of AV psychological risk levels is developed. Thirdly, an adapted system-theoretic analysis method for AVs psychological safety is proposed. The paper illustrates the application of the framework for assessing potential psychological hazards using a scenario involving a family's experience with an autonomous vehicle, pioneering a systems approach towards evaluating situations that could lead to psychological harm. By establishing a framework that incorporates psychological safety alongside physical safety, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on the safe deployment of autonomous vehicle, aiming to guide future developments in user-centred design and regulatory practices, while acknowledging the limitations brought by the application of the proposals on a rather simple but pedagogical illustrative example.