Hasil untuk "Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene"

Marcela Cobos Rodríguez

Se analizan las condiciones de trabajo en teletrabajo y la percepción de condiciones de salud en docentes universitarios que laboran en educación en modalidad virtual en dos instituciones colombianas, considerando la exposición a factores de riesgo presentes en el ambiente físico de trabajo, las condiciones de la tarea y las condiciones de la organización del trabajo y su posible impacto en las condiciones de salud.

Nicole E. Sieck, Menglu Liang, Hyeonjin Song et al.

Abstract Background The impact of heat exposure on patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is of growing concern in the context of climate change. In this study, we investigated the association of heat exposure with hospitalization and mortality, and how the risk of these adverse health outcomes varied by climate region in the US. Methods We obtained hospitalization and mortality data for patients with ESKD receiving in-center hemodialysis treatment between 2012 and 2018 at Fresenius Kidney Care facilities located within the contiguous US. We used the treatment facility location to assign heat exposure using maximum universal thermal climate index temperature data. We conducted a space–time-stratified case-crossover study using conditional Poisson regression with distributed lag nonlinear models to examine the effects of heat exposure at the 95th percentile of the region-specific temperature distribution for lags of three days. Stratified analyses were run to assess differences in associations across nine climate regions and three latitude bands. Results The cumulative lag 0–3 risk of hospitalization associated with heat exposure was highest in the West (rate ratio [RR]: 1.099; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.041, 1.160), whereas the highest risk of mortality was observed in the Northwest region (RR: 1.097; 95% CI: 1.007, 1.195). We observed significant increases in the risk of hospitalization at the low- and mid-latitude bands and a significant increase in the risk of mortality in the mid-latitude band. Conclusion We observed spatial heterogeneity across US climate regions. The strongest effects of heat exposure were observed in the Ohio Valley, South, and West regions for hospitalization and the Upper Midwest, Southeast, and Northwest regions for mortality. Findings may be used to inform targeted interventions to patients with ESKD residing in areas with higher risks of adverse health outcomes following heat exposure.

Saverio Cosola, Sandy Manuela Fanelli, Antonia Sinesi et al.

The literature has identified several common acute and chronic complications associated with periodontal health during pregnancy, such as gingivitis, recession, periodontitis, and changes in systemic health, such as gestational diabetes, which may act as additional risk factors for chronic periodontal disease. Are the general public and health care providers aware of the potential risks of systemic and intrauterine inflammation caused by bacteria from the oral microbiota entering the bloodstream through inflamed gingival tissue and affecting the fetoplacental unit, leading to complications, such as preterm birth and reduced prenatal growth? A questionnaire-based survey, conducted between January 2023 and June 2023, aimed to assess patients’ personal oral hygiene practices and their understanding of the link between pregnancy and periodontal health. A total of 826 people completed a questionnaire for this study. The majority of women surveyed (86.9%) were not pregnant, but 77.7% had at least one child. The majority of women believed in good oral hygiene during pregnancy but lacked knowledge about how oral care can affect pregnancy outcomes.

Guoqin Song

ObjectiveThe present study aims to investigate effective measures and the application effects for infection control in the outpatient settings in general hospitals, thus providing a scientific foundation for optimizing infection control in outpatient settings.MethodsA prospective controlled study was adopted by analyzing the current status of infection control in the outpatient setting of a general hospital. The object of study was the outpatient department of a general hospital and the period of study was from March 2023 to March 2024. The control group, which implemented routine infection control in its outpatient setting, was in place from March 2023 to September 2023. The observation group, which implemented thorough comprehensive measures in its outpatient setting, ran from September 2023 to March 2024.ResultsThe qualified rate of hand hygiene, the correct classification rate of medical waste, and the awareness rate of infection control among medical personnel in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe implementation of comprehensive infection control measures in outpatient settings effectively improves the qualified rate of hand hygiene, the correct classification rate of medical waste, and the awareness rate of infection control among medical personnel. Therefore, an emphasis should be placed on training personnel on infection control knowledge and improving compliance with and accuracy of infection control measures, to reduce cross-infection risks and enhance patient satisfaction.

Ewa Sosnówka-Czajka, Iwona Skomorucha, Kazimierz Obremski et al.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate the addition to feed of 3% of dried pomace from apples (AP), cherries (CH), and strawberries (ST) on the production results and meat quality of broiler chickens. Birds fed only the standard mixture for broiler chickens were the control group (CO).On d 42, a lower body weight of broiler chickens from group ST was noted compared to birds from group CO at P = 0.032. When feed conversion per 1 kg of weight gain and loss of broiler chickens was assessed, no differences between groups were shown (P ˃ 0.05). The leg muscles of AP and CH broiler chickens had less drip loss compared to the control group at P = 0.036. For other quality parameters of breast and leg muscles, no differences between groups were noted (P ˃ 0.05).It was found that the addition of dried apple and cherry pomace to the feed in the amount of 3% did not adversely affect the production results and the quality of broiler chicken meat. On the other hand, the addition to feed of dried pomace from strawberries reduced the final body weight of experimental birds. The most interesting additive turned out to be dried cherry pomace, because it improved slaughter efficiency, contributed to reducing drip loss of leg muscles, and influenced the lower level of crude fat in the breast muscles. However, further research should be carried out on the optimal concentration of CH in the diet of fattening chickens in order to achieve the most beneficial results.

Kun Huang, Dongmei Yu, Hongyun Fang et al.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that nutritional supplements could reduce the adverse effects induced by air pollution. However, whether dietary patterns can modify the association of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline has not been evaluated. Methods We included 47,501 Chinese adults from a nationwide cross-sectional study. PM2.5 and five constituents were estimated by satellite-based random forest models. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED) scores were calculated for each participant. Interactions between dietary patterns and air pollution were examined by adding a multiplicative interaction term to logistic models. Results Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and stage 1–2 hypertension. The DASH and AMED scores significantly modified these associations, as individuals with higher scores had a significantly lower risk of air pollution-related hypertension and stage 1–2 hypertension (P-interaction < 0.05), except for interaction between PM2.5, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and AMED score on stage 1 hypertension. For each IQR increase in PM2.5, participants with the lowest DASH and AMED quintiles had hypertension risk with ORs (95%CI) of 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) and 1.19 (1.09, 1.29), whereas those with the highest DASH and AMED quintiles had lower risks with 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) and 1.04 (0.97, 1.11). The stratified analysis found modification effect was more prominent in the < 65 years age group. Consuming more fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and dairy would reduce the risk of hypertension caused by PM2.5 and its constituents. Conclusions Dietary patterns rich in antioxidants can reduce long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents-induced hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, especially in young and middle-aged individuals. Compared to the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet offers superior dietary guidance to prevent stage 1 hypertension caused by air pollution.

Niurka Virginia García Ramírez, María Dolores Andrade Gregori

Resumen Introducción: El marco normalizativo de seguridad y salud en el trabajo vigente en Cuba establece la utilización de indicadores para evaluar el ambiente térmico, el más empleado es el índice de temperatura de globo y bulbo húmedo para evaluar el estrés térmico en ambientes con elevada sobrecarga térmica. Objetivo: Aplicar un protocolo de evaluación ergonómica del ambiente térmico para una intervención ergonómica en una empresa torrefactora de café. Métodos: Para la evaluación ergonómica se utilizó un protocolo con aplicación simultánea de indicadores para valorar si los trabajadores de producción realizaban sus actividades en condiciones de estrés térmico y de sobrecarga fisiológica. Se evaluó el estrés térmico en ambientes calurosos con el índice de temperatura de globo y bulbo húmedo y el índice de sobrecarga calórica para el grado de sobrecarga térmica. Además, se evaluó el grado de confort en locales con clima controlado, utilizando el índice de Valoración Media de Fanger, comparándolo con el índice de sobrecarga calórica. Resultados: Los trabajadores estaban expuestos a condiciones críticas por calor en su ambiente laboral, pero no sufrían estrés por calor por cumplirse correctamente los regímenes de trabajo y descanso establecidos para cada tarea o actividad que implicaba riesgo. Conclusiones: La utilización simultánea de ambos indicadores permitió una interpretación más detallada de los resultados obtenidos, así como cuantificar el tiempo de permanencia del trabajador en un ambiente con elevada sobrecarga térmica, cuya información deberá tenerse en cuenta a la hora de realizar una adecuada intervención en la industria. Abstract Introduction: The standardizing framework for occupational safety and health currently valid in Cuba establishes the use of indicators to evaluate the thermal environment; the most used is the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index to evaluate thermal stress in environments with high thermal overload. Objective: To apply protocol for the ergonomic evaluation of the thermal environment in view of an ergonomic intervention in a coffee roasting company. Methods: For the ergonomic evaluation, a protocol with simultaneous application of indicators was used to assess whether production workers performed their activities under conditions of thermal stress and physiological overload. Thermal stress in hot environments was evaluated with the WBGT index, while the thermal overload index was used for the degree of thermal overload. In addition, the degree of comfort in climate-controlled sites was evaluated using the Fanger’s mean rating index, compared with the heat overload index. Results: The workers were exposed to critical heat conditions in their work environment, but did not suffer from heat stress because the established work and rest regimes for each task or activity involving risk were correctly complied with. Conclusions: The simultaneous use of both indicators allowed a more detailed interpretation of the results obtained, as well as quantifying the time the worker spent in an environment with high thermal overload. This information should be taken into account when carrying out an adequate intervention in the industry.

Nafiseh Nasirzadeh, Mehran Nazarparvar, Davoud Mahmoudi et al.

Background and Objective: Deviant behaviors, such as occupational violence, are recognized as a serious crisis all across the globe. It can lead to physiological stress and reduces job satisfaction, as well as social and family relationships. The present study aimed to assess the individual and occupational factors affecting the incidence of workplace violence among workers in different industries in East Azerbaijan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. The research population consisted of all personnel in five industries, including the chocolate factory, food industry, health products, steel, and agricultural industry in East Azerbaijan. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire provided based on standard questionnaires developed in International Labour Organization  (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO). The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed in previous studies. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression test. Results: In all industries, verbal violence with a frequency of 46.6% was the most common type of violence. Moreover, internal organizational factors played a major role in the incidence of occupational violence in these industries. The results of logistic regression pointed to the statistically significant associations of occupational violence with referring to a psychiatrist (P=0.005), gender (P=0.001), and work shift(P=0.001). Conclusion: The high prevalence of verbal violence highlights the necessity of some plans and measures in this regard. Therefore, it is recommended that ergonomics and psychology intervention be implemented to reduce the stressful environmental conditions and violence among employees.

Yuly Castiblanco, Andryth Perilla, P. Velásquez et al.

W. Bullock

Abstract Historical research on asbestos disease can be traced back to the early twentieth Century. The majority, if not all of the early research was conducted outside the United States. There are a number of historical time-lines published that chronical these studies. However, what these time-lines do not address is how widespread this information was, who had access to it, and who may have been furthering this research here in the United States. To address these questions, we can look to the writings of early pioneers in occupational medicine like Alice Hamilton and Carey P. McCord from that era to determine the extent that asbestos disease was mentioned or being discussed. Based on the works of Dr. Hamilton and Dr. McCord, the dissemination and penetration of knowledge about asbestos within the medical and industrial hygiene communities during the first half of the twentieth Century in the United States were very limited or non-existent.

R. Calisti, A. Chiaverini, Rossano Mei

Arianne Medina Macías, Adalberto Avila Vidal, Yaily Fabia González Borrego

El teletrabajo es una forma flexible de organización del trabajo que permite desempeñar la actividad laboral sin la presencia física del trabajador en la organización laboral. Se basa en las relaciones de comunicación empresa-trabajador a través de las tecnologías de la informática y las comunicaciones. En las actuales condiciones de pandemia por el COVID-19, en la cual se convoca a la población a permanecer en sus casas, un gran número de trabajadores cubanos han optado por esta modalidad. Esto permite cumplir con las medidas orientadas para prevenir el contagio y, a la vez, continuar contribuyendo con su aporte laboral a la economía del país. Sobre las experiencias de su implementación en el contexto internacional, se reportan ventajas, desventajas y retos. Un balance de estos permite apreciar los beneficios que tiene su aplicación a nivel social, institucional y personal. Sin embargo, la reciente incorporación de esta modalidad de trabajo en Cuba requiere de la ruptura de creencias y mitos al respecto, la modificación de modelos de dirección y estilos de trabajo arraigados, así como la creación de las condiciones laborales idóneas para el desempeño del teletrabajo, que permitan asegurar los niveles de eficiencia, eficacia y bienestar laboral esperados. Algunas reflexiones y recomendaciones se ofrecen al respecto. Teleworking is a flexible form of work organization that allows you to carry out the work activity without the physical presence of the worker in the work organization. It is based on business-worker communication relationships through computer and communication technologies. In the current pandemic conditions for COVID-19, in which the population is called to stay at home, a large number of Cuban workers have opted for this modality. This allows compliance with the measures aimed at preventing contagion and, at the same time, continuing to contribute with its labor contribution to the country's economy. Advantages, disadvantages, and challenges are reported on the experiences of its implementation in the international context. A balance of these allows appreciating the benefits that its application has at a social, institutional, and personal level. However, the recent incorporation of this type of work in Cuba requires the rupture of beliefs and myths in this regard, the modification of entrenched management models and work styles, as well as the creation of ideal working conditions for the performance of teleworking, which ensure the expected levels of efficiency, effectiveness, and well-being at work. Some reflections and recommendations are offered in this regard.

Nathan P. Charlton, R. Solberg, E. Singletary et al.

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kent.edu/ijfae Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Commons, Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Emergency Medicine Commons, Health and Medical Physics Commons, Health and Physical Education Commons, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene Commons, Other Education Commons, Outdoor Education Commons, Public Health Education and Promotion Commons, Trauma Commons, and the Vocational Education Commons

Hamidreza Heidari, Shahram Arsang, Maryam Mahmoodi et al.

Background:Neck disorder is a common complaint in computer users which affects the task performance and fatigue. Several studies confirmed the relation between neck discomfort and working with a computer. But focusing on the root risk factors inducing neck discomfort can be applied for taking preventive measures and improving workstation design. So, the main purpose of this study was the neck posture analysis in computer users and identifying the related risk factors. Methods:This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2018 on 169 administrative staff in one of the governmental hospitals in Qom. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to investigate neck discomfort and related risk factors. To determine the angle of the neck, photographic analysis method was used. Finally, SPSS software version 22 and appropriate statistical tests including the logistic regression model, two independent t-test, and chi-square test in contingency tables were used to determine the relationship between individual parameters and workstation with neck angles and neck pain. Results:The results showed that two factors of the height (p= 0.023) and the gender (p= 0.012) had a direct statistically significant association with neck disorder statistically. In addition, the anthropometric dimensions, monitor height from desk level was positively correlated with neck discomfort but sitting elbow to eye height was negatively correlated with neck discomfort (p<0.05). Odds Ratio analysis showed that moderate and severe monitor angle compared to neutral posture (monitor angle less than 10 °) can increase neck discomfort as 1.925 and 3.137, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that workstation design can affect taking a posture in computer users. So, establishing correct workstation criteria such as eye height, monitor height from desk level and sitting elbow to eye height dimensions are very important. However, determination of the proportion of each parameter effect is strongly recommended for other investigations. This can develop preventive measures for reducing neck awkward postures.

Thais Melo De Albuquerque, Raquel Costa Albuquerque

<p>Introdução: A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal é um ambiente que proporciona técnicas e procedimentos aprimorados, um local repleto de equipamentos ricos em tecnologia e característica ímpar na assistência ao recém-nascido de risco. Com a evolução da neonatologia e a inserção dos cuidados humanizados dentro desse serviço nos últimos anos, observa-se uma mudança no prognóstico dos pré-termos. Objetivo:<strong> </strong>Pesquisar quais estratégias de posicionamento e contenção ao recém-nascido pré-termo estão sendo mais utilizados em hospitais públicos da Região Metropolitana do Recife. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e observacional. Foi realizado um questionário semiestruturado com 34 profissionais de saúde do serviço envolvidos na assistência ao recém-nascido pré-termo na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Resultados: Dentre os participantes (91,17%), responderam nunca ter utilizado a “redinha” como um recurso de posicionamento. As estratégias mais utilizadas são o rolinho (100,0%) e o swaddle (88,23%), porém um percentual relevante de participantes (44,11%) assinalou acreditar no ganho oferecido pela “redinha”, embora esta técnica não seja utilizada nos serviços ao qual fazem parte. Conclusão: As estratégias mais utilizadas nos serviços pesquisados foram o rolinho e o swaddle, a maioria dos profissionais não tinham conhecimento prático de outros recursos. Sendo assim, este estudo considera que a prática destas medidas acarretam ganhos não só no campo de desenvolvimento, mas também simplificam o tratamento e viabilizam a recuperação do recém-nascido pré-termo.</p>

Matthew Borg, Peng Bi, Monika Nitschke et al.

Abstract Background Extremely high temperatures over many consecutive days have been linked to an increase in renal disease in several cities. This is becoming increasingly relevant with heatwaves becoming longer, more intense, and more frequent with climate change. This study aimed to extend the known relationship between daily temperature and kidney disease to include the incidence of eight temperature-prone specific renal disease categories – total renal disease, urolithiasis, renal failure, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), urinary tract infections (UTIs), lower urinary tract infections (LUTIs) and pyelonephritis. Methods Daily data was acquired for maximum, minimum and average temperature over the period of 1 July 2003 to 31 March 2014 during the warm season (October to March) in Adelaide, South Australia. Data for daily admissions to all metropolitan hospitals for renal disease, including 83,519 emergency department admissions and 42,957 inpatient admissions, was also obtained. Renal outcomes were analyzed using time-stratified negative binomial regression models, with the results aggregated by day. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for associations between the number of admissions and daily temperature. Results Increases in daily temperature per 1 °C were associated with an increased incidence for all renal disease categories except for pyelonephritis. Minimum temperature was associated with the greatest increase in renal disease followed by average temperature and then maximum temperature. A 1°C increase in daily minimum temperature was associated with an increase in daily emergency department admissions for AKI (IRR 1.037, 95% CI: 1.026–1.048), renal failure (IRR 1.030, 95% CI: 1.022–1.039), CKD (IRR 1.017, 95% CI: 1.001–1.033) urolithiasis (IRR 1.015, 95% CI: 1.010–1.020), total renal disease (IRR 1.009, 95% CI: 1.006–1.011), UTIs (IRR 1.004, 95% CI: 1.000–1.007) and LUTIs (IRR 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000–1.006). Conclusions An increased frequency of renal disease, including urolithiasis, acute kidney injury and urinary tract infections, is predicted with increasing temperatures from climate change. These results have clinical and public health implications for the management of renal diseases and demand tailored health services. Future research is warranted to analyze individual renal diseases with more comprehensive information regarding renal risk factors, and studies examining mortality for specific renal diseases.

Shinhee Ye, Hye Won Chung, Kyungah Jeong et al.

Abstract Background A number of studies have found associations between heavy metals and uterine fibroids, but the results are inconsistent. Here, we conducted this research to demonstrate the relationships between blood heavy metal concentrations and uterine fibroid volume as well as the rate of uterine fibroid presence. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we collected data from 308 premenopausal women aged 30–49 years in Seoul; uterine fibroids are ascertained by past history of myomectomy and pelvic ultrasonography. In the analytic phase, we first analyzed the presence of the fibroids and the concentrations of heavy metals via logistic regression. In subgroup analysis, we used simple and multiple linear regression analyses to examine the associations between heavy metals and uterine fibroid volume. Results There was no connection between the heavy metal concentrations and the presence of uterine fibroids, but the odds of women having fibroids were higher with three particular metals. In subgroup analysis, the association between blood cadmium concentrations and uterine fibroid volume was statistically significant (adjusted beta coefficient = 2.22, 95% confidential interval: 0.06–4.37). In contrast, blood mercury and lead concentrations were not significantly associated with uterine fibroid volume. Conclusions Our findings are the first that we know to report the association of blood cadmium concentrations with the volume of uterine fibroids. We expect that our findings will be used as evidence for supporting policies to improve premenopausal Korean women’s health.

P. Pedata, L. Malorni, N. Sannolo et al.

Diana Carolina Rincón Martínez, Johana Paola Ríos, Mónica Romero Espinosa

La prescripción de productos de apoyo es un proceso fundamental dentro de la rehabilitación, en el que los terapeutas ocupacionales juegan un papel central. Se conocen avances en orientaciones para la práctica prescriptiva, pero estos no son específicos para productos de apoyo de baja complejidad en actividades de la vida diaria. La investigación buscó desarrollar una guía que ayuda a los profesionales de la salud en este proceso, específicamente para la actividad de alimentación en mayores de 15 años de Bogotá. Se realiza revisión documental en bases de datos, revistas, trabajos de grado y libros; una encuesta a profesionales y usuarios para identificar conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas; se elabora la Guía de prescripción de productos de apoyo de baja complejidad en la actividad de alimentación, y se somete a validación. La Guía propone una ruta de ocho etapas e incluye la Cartilla para la elección del producto. Se identifica que algunos terapeutas ocupacionales no identifican la prescripción dentro de sus competencias y que entre quienes prescriben, con frecuencia no se hace entrenamiento ni seguimiento, necesarios para asegurar el cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos. Se espera que la guía sea un referente para la práctica y para el diseño de otras.

Juan Pino M., Margareth Ceballos C.

This manuscript is a theoretical/practical exercise conducted to support a proposal emerging discipline. The aim is to demonstrate the need for interventions aimed at achieving socio-communitarian inclusion is then prepared to review and analyze the results and conclusions of research master's and professional practice of the author and the author's strategy Based Rehabilitation Community in the communes of Hualpén and Talcahuano, in the Biobio region. From there, articulated epistemological constructs a methodology for intervention allowing Community Occupational Therapycompromise with reality and occupational needs of the people in our regional geopolitical space. The work is structured around conceptual approaches Community Occupational Therapy and then a reading strategy applied in the Community Based Rehabilitation.