Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

D. Crowl, J. Louvar

M. Barsan

J. Takala, P. Hämäläinen, K. Saarela et al.

This article reviews the present indicators, trends, and recent solutions and strategies to tackle major global and country problems in safety and health at work. The article is based on the Yant Award Lecture of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) at its 2013 Congress. We reviewed employment figures, mortality rates, occupational burden of disease and injuries, reported accidents, surveys on self-reported occupational illnesses and injuries, attributable fractions, national economic cost estimates of work-related injuries and ill health, and the most recent information on the problems from published papers, documents, and electronic data sources of international and regional organizations, in particular the International Labor Organization (ILO), World Health Organization (WHO), and European Union (EU), institutions, agencies, and public websites. We identified and analyzed successful solutions, programs, and strategies to reduce the work-related negative outcomes at various levels. Work-related illnesses that have a long latency period and are linked to ageing are clearly on the increase, while the number of occupational injuries has gone down in industrialized countries thanks to both better prevention and structural changes. We have estimated that globally there are 2.3 million deaths annually for reasons attributed to work. The biggest component is linked to work-related diseases, 2.0 million, and 0.3 million linked to occupational injuries. However, the division of these two factors varies depending on the level of development. In industrialized countries the share of deaths caused by occupational injuries and work-related communicable diseases is very low while non-communicable diseases are the overwhelming causes in those countries. Economic costs of work-related injury and illness vary between 1.8 and 6.0% of GDP in country estimates, the average being 4% according to the ILO. Singapore's economic costs were estimated to be equivalent to 3.2% of GDP based on a preliminary study. If economic losses would take into account involuntary early retirement then costs may be considerably higher, for example, in Finland up to 15% of GDP, while this estimate covers various disorders where work and working conditions may be just one factor of many or where work may aggravate the disease, injury, or disorders, such as traffic injuries, mental disorders, alcoholism, and genetically induced problems. Workplace health promotion, services, and safety and health management, however, may have a major preventive impact on those as well. Leadership and management at all levels, and engagement of workers are key issues in changing the workplace culture. Vision Zero is a useful concept and philosophy in gradually eliminating any harm at work. Legal and enforcement measures that themselves support companies and organizations need to be supplemented with economic justification and convincing arguments to reduce corner-cutting in risk management, and to avoid short- and long-term disabilities, premature retirement, and corporate closures due to mismanagement and poor and unsustainable work life. We consider that a new paradigm is needed where good work is not just considered a daily activity. We need to foster stable conditions and circumstances and sustainable work life where the objective is to maintain your health and work ability beyond the legal retirement age. We need safe and healthy work, for life.

Cyrielle Hinson, Philippe Sessou, Paulin Azokpota et al.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens poses a major public health risk in Benin. Table eggs and poultry sausages have been identified as potential reservoirs of resistant bacteria. Nevertheless, the lack of integrated AMR data from food and clinical sources limits the ability to assess public health risks and design evidence-based interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> in table eggs and poultry sausages and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of isolates from these foods and clinical samples alongside clinical isolates. A total of 135 table egg pools, 90 poultry sausages, and 81 clinical isolates of <i>E. coli</i> (56) and <i>Salmonella</i> (25) were collected between August and December 2023. Table eggs and poultry sausages were analysed for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> using conventional methods. Antibiotic resistance (<i>n</i> = 99 isolates) was tested using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion. Clinical isolates (<i>n</i> = 77) were included for comparison. High <i>Escherichia coli</i> prevalence (eggs: 59.3%, 95% CI: 50.9–67.3%; sausages: 14.4%, 95% CI: 8.6–23.2%) and lower <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence (eggs: 2.2%, 95% CI: 0.8–6.3%; sausages: 5.6%, 95% CI: 2.4–12.4%) were observed. According to antibiotic resistance data, predominant multidrug resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin, and fluoroquinolones, followed by preserved sensitivity to nitrofurans and chloramphenicol, was noticed. These findings highlight the urgent need to regulate antibiotic use in Benin’s poultry and medical sectors.

Ramakrishna Kolikipogu, Shivaputra, Elangovan Muniyandy et al.

D. Pujiastuti, A. M. Sahidu, Dwitha Nirmala

In this PKM program, our partner is residents in Mojokerto, Surabaya, East Java, Province. This community has generated the production of jelly candy and natural soap derived from marine seaweed. Seaweed processing has a very broad market potential due to the increasing demand and use of seaweed processing products, both in the fields of food, health, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or industry. Seaweed development with an industrial concept approach that starts from upstream, processing basic products into formulated products with a lot of derivative products, both food and non-food products. In food ingredients, seaweed can be formulated into jelly candy that is in great demand from children to adults. In pharmaceutical grade, it can be formulated into cosmetics such as natural soap. Based on interviews and observations in the field, there are 3 main focuses of the problems currently faced by partners, namely: 1) lack of knowledge about seaweed, 2) seaweed application for food and non-food and 3) the packaging of product. Some of the things planned by the PKM team are innovating seaweed to be jelly candy and natural soap. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge and understanding of the diversification of processed seaweed products for both food and non-food purposes, which is expected to provide benefits in terms of increasing the added value of seaweed, awareness of hand washing hygiene, empowering women and at the same time increasing community income. This activity was realized with an approach in the form of making a sustainable cooperation program until the end of PKM, creating a family atmosphere between the two and understanding that the problems experienced were a shared problem so that they could be solved together according to the level of responsibility to achieve the expected benefits, namely increased yields, production and productivity and competitiveness, independence and welfare of the community.

Anuli Njoku, Mousa Al-Hassan, Sharaban Tohura et al.

Period poverty refers to the lack of access to or affordability of menstrual hygiene supplies such as sanitary products and the inaccessibility of washing facilities, waste disposal and educational materials. Period poverty can significantly affect menstruating individuals’ physical, mental, and reproductive health and emotional wellbeing; negatively impact educational outcomes; cause financial strain; result in absenteeism from work and school; create barriers to healthcare access; and perpetuate poor health outcomes for generations. Barriers to menstrual equity include lack of access to period support, cost, poor sanitary facilities, lack of education, social and cultural stigma, and legal restrictions. Therefore, it is crucial to actively advocate for initiatives to increase access to menstrual hygiene products, raise public awareness, and educate individuals on safe menstrual practices. Approximately 500 million girls and women worldwide and an estimated 16.9 million people in the United States experience period poverty, with the issue being particularly common among marginalized groups such as Black or Hispanic menstruating individuals and those who are homeless, living in poverty, of low income, or attending college. This article investigates the physical, psychological, educational and social impacts of inequitable access to menstrual products, menstrual education, and sanitation facilities among menstruating individuals who are Black, Hispanic or of low income within the United States. We examine the threat this poses to health equity and propose recommendations to address this pervasive issue.

Mathilde Sundberg, Trine Berthing, Pernille Høgh Danielsen et al.

Abstract Background Inhaled nanomaterials can translocate from the lungs into systemic circulation and reach the liver, which is the main secondary organ for nanomaterial uptake, potentially causing adverse effects. Understanding how inhaled nanomaterials localize within liver tissue is important for understanding their clearance mechanisms and potential toxicity. Previous in vivo studies have primarily focused on spherical particles, highlighting the need for studies on fiber-shaped nanomaterials. Methods This study examines the hepatic distribution of five fiber-shaped nanomaterials (three multiwalled carbon nanotubes, gallium phosphide nanowires, and short TiO₂ nanotubes) compared to spherical TiO₂ nanoparticles. Liver samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after pulmonary exposure using a single intratracheal (IT) instillation in mice. Paraffin-embedded liver sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and analyzed using enhanced darkfield microscopy. The localization of the nanomaterials within sections was categorized into four categories: hepatocyte, non-parenchymal cell, sinusoid/vessel, and another placement. Localization was further validated using cell-specific immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, morphological changes were assessed in liver sections and 1 year post-exposure from mice following pulmonary exposure to eleven different MWCNTs. Results The hepatic localization of six different nanomaterials were assessed, with more than 10,000 fibers or particles manually counted across all samples. There were significant differences in the localization of long and thick fibers as compared to spherical nanoparticles and short and thin fibers, at all assessed post-exposure time points. Long and thick fiber-shaped nanomaterials were more frequently localized within the liver parenchyma compared to spherical particles and the short TiO2 tubes, which were more frequently found in non-parenchymal cells. Histological analysis revealed that short, thin, and entangled MWCNTs caused minor tissue alterations, including inflammatory cell infiltration and mild connective tissue hyperplasia in portal zones, whereas long and thick MWCNTs did not induce morphological changes. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the intrahepatic localization of nanomaterials is strongly influenced by fiber shape and dimensions.

Craig A. Poland, Léa Hiéronimus, Denis V. Okhrimenko et al.

Abstract The field of fibre toxicology highlights a significant connection between the physicochemical properties of fibres—such as diameter, length, and durability—and their toxicity when inhaled. Among these properties, durability, particularly in terms of biopersistence and retention time in the lungs, is crucial in determining chronic toxicity. This understanding of fibre biopersistence is especially relevant to the regulation and safety assessment of Man-Made Vitreous Fibres (MMVF), also referred to in North American literature as Synthetic Vitreous Fibres (SVF). Despite its importance, current practices rely heavily on in vivo testing methods for evaluating biopersistence, which conflicts with the movement towards reducing animal testing and utilising new approach methodologies (NAMs) for hazard and risk assessment. In vitro assessments of biodurability have long been employed by the research community and industry alike to investigate the persistence of fibres in the lung, offering an alternative to reduce animal testing to evaluate this critical mediator of fibre toxicity. Here, we explore recent developments in acellular in vitro biodurability approaches for assessing fibre durability in the lung, addressing the variations and key challenges associated with using these methods to determine the safety of bio-soluble MMVF.

Maksym Khayuk

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the organizational and legal mechanisms for implementing state occupational safety policy in Ukraine. The study examines occupational safety in both its broad and narrow interpretations. From a broad perspective, occupational safety is defined as a comprehensive system of legal norms regulating the entire spectrum of social relations in the sphere of employment. The narrow interpretation focuses specifically on normative restrictions regarding the employment of certain worker categories, representing a specialized legal regime within occupational safety regulation. The study identifies several fundamental characteristics of occupational safety. The social dimension prioritizes human life and health as supreme social values within the labor process, establishing worker protection as a cornerstone of state social policy. The economic aspect entails the employer's responsibility to provide proper working conditions, creating an environment where both employee welfare and broader state economic interests are optimized. The legal dimension manifests through explicit regulatory guarantees for preserving workers' life and health, formally established in normative acts. The supervisory-control function enables state verification of employer compliance through specially authorized bodies. Furthermore, occupational safety demonstrates interdisciplinary connections with sociology, safety engineering, ecology, labor hygiene and physiology, psychology, engineering psychology, technical aesthetics, and related fields. The implementation of state policy in occupational safety is framed by a system of specific principles. These include: the primacy of workers' life and health; full employer responsibility for establishing proper, safe, and healthy working conditions; enhancement of industrial safety through comprehensive technical oversight of production processes, technologies, and products, alongside state support for enterprises in creating safe work environments; integrated solutions based on national, sectoral, and regional programs aligned with socioeconomic policies, scientific advancements, and environmental protection; social protection of workers with full compensation for occupational injuries and diseases; uniform safety standards for all enterprises regardless of ownership or activity type; adaptation of labor processes to workers' physiological and psychological capacities; and economic management methods, including state funding and voluntary contributions for safety measures.

E. Andersson, L. Barregard, M. Akerstrom et al.

BACKGROUND Oil refinery workers are exposed to benzene, which is a well-known cause of leukaemia, but results on leukaemia in oil refinery workers have been mixed, and the data on workers' exposure is limited. Oil refinery workers are also exposed to asbestos and several studies have shown increased risk of mesothelioma. AIM The objective was to investigate cancer incidence, especially leukaemia, at low to moderate exposure to benzene in an update of a previous study of employees at three Swedish oil refineries. METHODS Cancer incidence was followed up in 2264 men (1548 refinery operators) employed at three oil refineries in Sweden for at least one year. Job types and employment times were collected from complete company files. A retrospective assessment of the benzene exposure was performed by occupational hygienists in collaboration with the refineries using historic measurements as well as detailed information on changes in the industrial hygiene and technological developments. Cases of cancer were retrieved by a linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register through 35-47 years of follow-up and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS In total, 258 tumors had occurred versus 240 expected (SIR 1.07; 95% CI 0.95-1.21). There were 10 cases of leukaemia, all in refinery operators (SIR 2.4; 95% CI 1.18-4.51). There were three cases of pleural mesothelioma, two of which in refinery operators. The mean estimated cumulative benzene exposure for the cases of leukaemia was 7.9 ppm-years (median 4.9, range 0.1-31.1). DISCUSSION The study suggests that low to moderate average cumulative benzene exposure increases the risk of leukaemia. Limitations include the modest number of cases and potential misclassification of exposure. CONCLUSION The present study indicated an increased risk of leukaemia in male oil refinery workers with low to moderate exposure to benzene.

Kaushik Bhattacharjee, S. Chaudhary, Avni Vishnoi et al.

BACKGROUND Manual deconstruction-an alternative to mechanical demolition-is a crucial technique in the building industry that facilitates a circular economy for the built environment and achieves sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, the current body of literature lacks a thorough grasp of the OHS (occupational health and safety) hazards related to the deconstruction process. The current work closes this scholarly gap by outlining the deconstruction process as phases and sets of activities and highlighting potential health and safety hazards throughout different activities and phases. METHODS The study uses numerous case studies and applies a descriptive case study technique to gather and analyze primary data from hundreds of photos and notes from over 40 field visits. The primary data are first used to prepare a comprehensive process map of deconstruction. Six construction safety experts and four industrial hygiene experts were then interviewed to identify and characterize health and safety hazards in images representative of the deconstruction activities. RESULTS A taxonomy of OHS hazards for deconstruction was developed based on identifying 35 unique safety and 51 unique health hazards. Significant safety hazards in deconstruction activities include "struck-by," "trip, slip, and fall" hazards, and "lack of personal protective equipment." Major health hazards include ergonomic concerns, respiratory diseases, and eye strain. DISCUSSION The study highlights the occupational health and safety issues faced by the deconstruction trade with a granularity rarely covered in existing literature. The assessments can be helpful for OHS practitioners to identify potential health and safety improvements across various deconstruction phases.

Nikolaу I. Panev, O. Korotenko, E. Filimonov et al.

Introduction. The combination of vibration disease with arterial hypertension is quite common, which is a mutually aggravating circumstance in the development and progression of these pathological states. In this connection, the study of additional risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in patients with vibration disease (VD) is extremely relevant for complete and personalized prevention and rehabilitation of patients with comorbid pathology. Research objective was to study industrial and non-industrial risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension due to vibration disease in coal industry workers. Materials and methods. The study involved one hundred seventy eight VD workers of basic occupations in the coal industry and 112 people without its clinical signs. All subjects underwent a comprehensive clinical, instrumental, and laboratory examination to identify arterial hypertension and its risk factors. Results. Workers with vibration disease were revealed to have arterial hypertension more often than in the control group. The most significant non-occupational risk factors for arterial hypertension in VD patients have been identified as follows: smoking, excessive salt intake, the presence of fasting hyperglycemia, family history, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia. Occupational risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in VD workers were identified to include work experience in harmful working conditions of 25 years or more, the development of the second stage of vibration disease. Limitations. This study is limited by the number of workers in the main occupations of the coal industry who were examined at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. The study did not include persons with other proven occupational diseases, except for vibration disease. Conclusion. The most significant occupational and non-occupational risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in in coal industry VD workers were identified. During prophylactic medical examination of VD workers, it is necessary to form groups at increased risk of developing arterial hypertension and to elaborate a set of measures aimed at modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.

Evan Anderson, Michael Holton, Jennifer Ellis et al.

This paper summarizes historical asbestos exposure data collected during the handling of short-fiber chrysotile asbestos that was used as an additive to drilling fluid in oil and gas exploration. A total of 1171 industrial hygiene (IH) personal and area air samples were collected and analyzed from more than 20 drilling rigs between 1972 and 1985. The dataset consists of 1097 short-term samples (240 min) and there were 60 samples with no reported sample duration. Eight-hour time-weighted average (8-h TWA) results, calculated using short-term samples, along with long-term samples greater than 240 min, did not exceed contemporaneous Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs). This analysis fills a data gap in the evaluation of asbestos exposures from the use of drilling mud additives (DMAs) that contained chrysotile asbestos.

E. Ahmadpour, M. Debia

Abstract Exposure to airborne disinfection by-products, especially trichloramine (TCA), could cause various occupational health effects in indoor swimming pools. However, TCA concentration measurements involve specialized analysis conducted in specific laboratories, which can result in significant costs and time constraints. As an alternative, modeling techniques for estimating exposures are promising in addressing these challenges. This study aims to predict airborne TCA concentrations in indoor swimming pools using a mathematical model, the well-mixed box model, found in the IHMOD tool, freely available on the American Industrial Hygiene Association website. The model’s predictions are compared with TCA concentrations measured during various bather load scenarios. The research involved conducting 2-hr successive workplace measurements over 16- to 18-hr periods in four indoor swimming pools in Quebec, Canada. TCA concentrations were estimated using the well-mixed box model, assuming a homogeneous mixing of air within the swimming pool environment. A novel approach was developed to estimate the TCA generation rate from swimming pool water, incorporating the number of swimmers in the model. Average measured concentrations of TCA were 0.24, 0.26, 0.14, and 0.34 mg/m3 for swimming pools 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The ratio of these measured average concentrations to their corresponding predicted values ranged from 0.51 to 1.30, 0.67 to 1.04, 0.57 to 1.14, and 0.68 to 1.49 for the respective swimming pools. In a worst-case scenario simulating the swimming pool at full capacity (maximum bathers allowed), TCA concentrations were estimated as 0.23, 0.36, 0.14, and 0.37 mg/m3 for swimming pools 1, 2, 3, and 4. Recalculated concentrations by adjusting the number of swimmers so as not to exceed the recommended occupational limit concentration of 0.35 mg/m3 gives a maximum number of swimmers of 63 and 335 instead of currently 80 and 424 for swimming pools 2 and 4, respectively. Similarly, for swimming pools 1 and 3, the maximum number of swimmers could be 173 and 398 (instead of the current 160 and 225, respectively). These results demonstrated that the model could be used to estimate and anticipate airborne TCA levels in indoor swimming pools across various scenarios.

M. Bandte, Jens Ehlers, S. Nourinejhad Zarghani et al.

Mechanically transmissible and stable viruses such as tobamoviruses, which include Tobamovirus fructirugosum (syn. tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), will continue to pose major challenges for farmers. Consequently, holistic hygiene concepts are being implemented to prevent the introduction and spread of these viruses. The decontamination of tires and castors was previously a weak point in many industrial hygiene concepts. For this reason, the ProfilGate clean-off zone was tested in combination with the disinfectant MENNO Florades for the decontamination of ToBRFV-contaminated tires. In total, 478 tire segments were sampled to evaluate the contamination of ToBRFV and the following decontamination of the tires. This treatment reliably removed high (4.5 µg/cm2), medium (0.45 µg/cm2), and low concentrations (0.045 µg/cm2) of ToBRFV from the tires, as shown by a bioassay. The reduction in necrotic local lesions on susceptible indicator plants N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN was between 91.9 and 97.6%. The reduction in ToBRFV contamination largely depended on the length of the rollover distance, i.e., the number of tire rotations. For transport trolleys with polyamide and rubber tires, depletions of 97.4 and 97.6%, respectively, was determined after 16 rotations. For transport wagons with tires twice the size and polyurethane tread, the depletion was still at least 91% after eight wheel turns. Even in the case of gross soiling of the tires, the mean reduction from the different tread materials was 80.9 to 98.9%. Subsequent analysis of the clean-off zone revealed that ToBRFV did not accumulate, even when the contaminated tires were driven over several times, but was safely inactivated completely in the disinfectant solution. This provides growers with an effective tool for preventing the introduction and spread of ToBRFV.

Alfredo Guerra Tamayo , Tania de la Rosa Barbón , Ofelia Moliner Laguardia

Introducción: Las condiciones laborales anormales son circunstancias de trabajo existentes en actividades en cuyo desempeño, se presentan factores de riesgos con cierto grado de influencia que pueden afectar la salud de los trabajadores y provocar enfermedades profesionales o accidentes de trabajo y que no es posible minimizarlas con la aplicación de medidas técnicas y organizativas. Objetivos: Implementar un nuevo diagnóstico de condiciones laborales anormales, certificarlas en una selección de puestos de trabajo y legalizarlas para reconocer el pago económico adicional por ese concepto. Método: Los métodos y técnicas de investigación utilizados fueron las entrevistas, las encuestas, la observación y la consulta bibliográfica, dirigida a los factores de riesgos, enfermedades profesionales y accidentes de trabajo a los que se exponen los trabajadores, evaluando los resultados de las condiciones laborales anormales. Resultados: Se localizaron en las brigadas de trabajo factores de riesgos con cierto nivel de predominio. El 17 % de los operarios refieren primariamente el esfuerzo físico y la postura del trabajador, mientras el 83 % exponen la tensión nerviosa, inadecuados niveles de temperatura y humedad, así como la presencia de impureza y toxicidad del aire en el entorno laboral. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgos de mayor relevancia encontrados son la postura del trabajador y la impureza y toxicidad del aire vinculado estrechamente al desarrollo de las enfermedades profesionales u ocupacionales como el síndrome del túnel carpiano causadas por las posturas extremas del cuerpo y la intoxicación provocada por la exposición a agentes biológicos y el trabajo con sustancias químicas Introduction: Abnormal working conditions are working circumstances existing in activities whose performance, risk factors with a certain degree of influence are presented what can affect the health of workers and cause occupational diseases or work accidents and these cannot be minimized with the application of technical and organizational measures. Objectives: Certify abnormal working conditions in a selection of jobs and recognize additional financial payment for this concept. Method: The research methods and techniques used were interviews, surveys, observation and bibliography consultation aimed at factors for occupational diseases and work accidents to which workers are exposed when evaluating the results of abnormal working conditions. Results: Risk factors with a certain level of predominance were located in the work brigades. The 17% of the operators, they primarily refer to the physical effort and posture of the worker, while 83%expose nervous tension, temperature and humidity, impurity and toxicity of the air. Conclusions: The most relevant risk factors are the workers posture and the impurity and toxicity of the air closely linked to the development of occupational diseases how carpal tunnel syndrome caused by extreme body posture anger and intoxication caused by exposure to biological agents and work with chemicals

Yang Liu, Xin Tao, Xin Li et al.

Logistics creates tremendous economic value through supporting the trading of goods between firms and customers, thereby improving the welfare of the society. In order to continuously improve the quality of logistics service, a great variety of cyber-physical techniques have been utilized in the modern logistics systems, which help tackle the grand challenges in multiple aspects including time efficiency, economic cost, safety risk and cyber-security. The fast development of artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant popularity and success in various domains, and hence, it has been adopted to construct high-quality solutions that can facilitate the monitoring, operation and decision in logistics systems. Furthermore, the deployment of advanced sensoring and computing components forms a cyber-physical system (CPS) infrastructure, which promotes the capability and scalability on data acquisition, transmission, storage and processing, thereby enabling the further penetration of AI technologies. Based on the existing advances, this article is devoted to conducting a comprehensive survey of the AI applications in the modern logistics CPSs. In specific, we focus on the AI-based research and industrial solutions that can improve the time/economic efficiency, safety and cyber-security of logistics systems. The potential applications of AI to tackle the remaining challenges are also discussed to investigate the way to continuously improving the quality of logistics service.

Kania Nayuri Nugroho, Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Innaha Ilma Wardaya

Introduction: Nurses are an important human resource in hospital health services with a high-risk workplace that can cause accidents or occupational diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between near-miss knowledge, occupational health and safety skill, and work equipment with the occurrence of near-miss among nurses. Method: This research used a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was nurses in Ploso Regional Public Hospital. The samples were chosen using the purposive sampling method with a number of 53 nurses out of 56 population of nurses with consideration of safety during the Covid-19 pandemic. The independent variables were near-miss knowledge, occupational health and safety skill, and work equipment. The dependent variable was the occurrence of the near-miss. The data was collected using questionnaires. The data analysis technique used was the Pearson correlation test. Result: The result of the questionnaire showed most of the samples had high near-miss knowledge, high occupational health and safety skill, and good work equipment. The occurrence of near-miss among the nurses was mostly medium. The Pearson correlation test result showed that the correlation of near-miss knowledge was weak, occupational health and safety skill were fairly strong, and work equipment was weak. Conclusion: The relationship between near-miss knowledge with the occurrence of near-miss has a weak correlation with positive direction, the relationship between occupational health and safety skills and the occurrence of near-miss has a fairly strong correlation with negative direction, and the relationship between work equipment and the occurrence of near-miss has a weak correlation with negative direction.

Linda Elberskirch, Kunigunde Binder, Norbert Riefler et al.

Abstract Background Assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is an interdisciplinary and complex process producing huge amounts of information and data. To make such data and metadata reusable for researchers, manufacturers, and regulatory authorities, there is an urgent need to record and provide this information in a structured, harmonized, and digitized way. Results This study aimed to identify appropriate description standards and quality criteria for the special use in nanosafety. There are many existing standards and guidelines designed for collecting data and metadata, ranging from regulatory guidelines to specific databases. Most of them are incomplete or not specifically designed for ENM research. However, by merging the content of several existing standards and guidelines, a basic catalogue of descriptive information and quality criteria was generated. In an iterative process, our interdisciplinary team identified deficits and added missing information into a comprehensive schema. Subsequently, this overview was externally evaluated by a panel of experts during a workshop. This whole process resulted in a minimum information table (MIT), specifying necessary minimum information to be provided along with experimental results on effects of ENMs in the biological context in a flexible and modular manner. The MIT is divided into six modules: general information, material information, biological model information, exposure information, endpoint read out information and analysis and statistics. These modules are further partitioned into module subdivisions serving to include more detailed information. A comparison with existing ontologies, which also aim to electronically collect data and metadata on nanosafety studies, showed that the newly developed MIT exhibits a higher level of detail compared to those existing schemas, making it more usable to prevent gaps in the communication of information. Conclusion Implementing the requirements of the MIT into e.g., electronic lab notebooks (ELNs) would make the collection of all necessary data and metadata a daily routine and thereby would improve the reproducibility and reusability of experiments. Furthermore, this approach is particularly beneficial regarding the rapidly expanding developments and applications of novel non-animal alternative testing methods.