Sargam Yadav, Asifa Mehmood Qureshi, Abhishek Kaushik
et al.
The introduction of transformer architecture was a turning point in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Models based on the transformer architecture such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) have gained widespread popularity in various applications such as software development and education. The availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Bard to the general public has showcased the tremendous potential of these models and encouraged their integration into various domains such as software development for tasks such as code generation, debugging, and documentation generation. In this study, opinions from 11 experts regarding their experience with LLMs for software development have been gathered and analysed to draw insights that can guide successful and responsible integration. The overall opinion of the experts is positive, with the experts identifying advantages such as increase in productivity and reduced coding time. Potential concerns and challenges such as risk of over-dependence and ethical considerations have also been highlighted.
Studies of the rotational velocities of intermediate-mass main-sequence stars are crucial for testing stellar evolution theory. They often rely on spectroscopic measurements of the projected rotation velocities. These not only suffer from the unknown projection factor but tend to ignore additional line-profile broadening mechanisms aside from rotation, such as pulsations and turbulent motions near the stellar surface. This limits the accuracy of Veq distributions. We use asteroseismic measurements to investigate the distribution of the equatorial rotation velocity, its ratio with respect to the critical rotation velocity, and the specific angular momentum for several thousands of BAF-type stars, covering a mass range from 1.3M$_\odot$ to 8.8M$_\odot$ and almost the entire core-hydrogen burning phase. We rely on high-precision model-independent internal rotation frequencies, as well as on masses and radii from asteroseismology to deduce Veq, Veq/Vcrit, and J/M for 2937 gravity-mode pulsators in the Milky Way. The sample stars have rotation frequencies between almost zero and 33$μ$Hz, corresponding to rotation periods above 0.35d. We find that intermediate-mass stars experience a break in their J/M occurring in the mass interval $[2.3,2.7]\,$M$_\odot$. We establish unimodal Veq and Veq/Vcrit distributions for the mass range $[1.3,2.5[$M$_\odot$, while stars with $M\in[2.5,8.8]$M$_\odot$ reveal some structure in their distributions. We find that the near-core rotation slows down as stars evolve, pointing to very efficient angular momentum transport. The kernel density estimators of the asteroseismic internal rotation frequency, equatorial rotation velocity, and specific angular momentum of this large sample of intermediate-mass field stars can conveniently be used for population synthesis studies and to fine-tune the theory of stellar rotation across the main sequence evolution.
We study how the stellar velocity dispersion within the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association (Sco-Cen) has evolved over approximately 20 million years, from its formation to the present day, by investigating 32 stellar clusters in Sco-Cen. Using data from the mission along with supplementary stellar radial velocities, we identified a surprising sequence of abrupt jumps and intervening plateaus in the evolution of velocity dispersion correlating with times of star formation bursts. Gaia -1 . We measure a present-day expansion rate of about 10--12,pc,Myr -1 and observe that younger star clusters within the association exhibit higher velocities compared to older ones. This result, along with the stepwise increase in velocity dispersion over time, suggests a structured and sequential star formation process rather than a random one. This phased evolution suggests that stellar feedback is the primary driver of Sco-Cen's star formation history, expansion, and eventual dispersal. Our findings emphasise the value of precisely characterising stellar populations within OB associations, particularly through the creation of detailed, high-resolution age maps.
W artykule zaprezentowano stan badań nad działalnością Sądu Specjalnego w Piotrkowie oraz podstawę źródłową. Omówiono moment utworzenia sądu specjalnego – pierwotnie w Wieluniu – oraz przeniesienie siedziby do Piotrkowa. Przedstawiono jego organizację i zmiany w formalnym usytuowaniu. Przedstawiono obsadę kadrową sądu, aktualizując dane prezentowane w literaturze przez J. Górala i M. Uzdowskiego. W podobny sposób, w oparciu o nową podstawę źródłową, zaprezentowano statystykę oskarżonych i skazanych przez Sąd Specjalny w Piotrkowie. Na podstawie danych z literatury, nieznanych wcześniej akt spraw karnych z Archiwum Federalnego w Berlinie oraz prasy GG obliczono minimalną liczbę osób skazanych na karę śmierci. Opisano kilka najciekawszych przypadków praktyki sądowej, w tym przede wszystkim sprawy o udzielanie pomocy Żydom.
The paper deals with the significant social restructuring and radical ethnic cleansing in post-Second World War Czechoslovakia borderlands as evidenced by the art market, where massive state appropriations and transfers of furnishings from the mostly ex-German and ex-Hungarian nobility residences manifested themselves in huge wave of frenetic auction sales. The uniquely preserved archive file on the Karel Ditrich Exhibition and Auction House in Brno enables us to reconstruct these processes within the scope of the entire Moravian and Silesian territory. The documents reveal the contemporary ethnic, social, and economic disputes, leading in the end to significant class and social transfers, i. e., new trends in living culture and collecting.
Although there is strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with adverse outcomes in certain ethnic groups, the association of disease severity and risk factors such as comorbidities and biomarkers with racial disparities remains undefined. This retrospective study between March 2020 and February 2021 explores COVID-19 risk factors as predictors for patients’ disease progression through country comparison. Disease severity predictors in Germany and Japan were cardiovascular-associated comorbidities, dementia, and age. We adjusted age, sex, body mass index, and history of cardiovascular disease comorbidity in the country cohorts using a propensity score matching (PSM) technique to reduce the influence of differences in sample size and the surprisingly young, lean Japanese cohort. Analysis of the 170 PSM pairs confirmed that 65.29% of German and 85.29% of Japanese patients were in the uncomplicated phase. More German than Japanese patients were admitted in the complicated and critical phase. Ethnic differences were identified in patients without cardiovascular comorbidities. Japanese patients in the uncomplicated phase presented a suppressed inflammatory response and coagulopathy with hypocoagulation. In contrast, German patients exhibited a hyperactive inflammatory response and coagulopathy with hypercoagulation. These differences were less pronounced in patients in the complicated phase or with cardiovascular diseases. Coagulation/fibrinolysis-associated biomarkers rather than inflammatory-related biomarkers predicted disease severity in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities: platelet counts were associated with severe illness in German patients. In contrast, high D-dimer and fibrinogen levels predicted disease severity in Japanese patients. Our comparative study indicates that ethnicity influences COVID-19-associated biomarker expression linked to the inflammatory and coagulation (thrombo-inflammatory) response. Future studies will be necessary to determine whether these differences contributed to the less severe disease progression observed in Japanese COVID-19 patients compared with those in Germany.
CESURA - Rivista è espressione delle posizioni critiche e storiografiche di CESURA, nella sua duplice configurazione di associazione e di centro interuniversitario internazionale. Riflette la vocazione all’interdisciplinarietà e all’integrazione di diverse discipline (in particolare letteratura, filologia, linguistica, storia, arte) dimostrata negli incontri seminariali degli ultimi anni: nel più alto sguardo prospettico che li ha caratterizzati, l’espressione letteraria, la testimonianza documentale, la rappresentazione artistica si sono sempre integrate e la dimensione artistico-culturale non si è mai separata da quella ideologica e dottrinale. La vocazione della rivista, dunque, è riprodurre sinteticamente l’intrinseca varietà e la coesa interazione dei modelli e delle attestazioni storico-culturali dell'Umanesimo e del Rinascimento che si generarono nel Regno dell'Italia meridionale e nella Corona d'Aragona.
L'editoriale è stato scritto da Guido Cappelli e Fulvio Delle Donne con la collaborazione degli altri membri del Direttivo di CESURA.
Background. The use of antibiotics in food production selects for resistant bacteria and may cause a threat to human and animal health. Belgium and the Netherlands have one of the highest densities of broilers and pigs in Europe, making active monitoring of antibiotic use and resistance in this region vital. Objectives. This study aimed to quantify ESBL-producing (ESBL-E. coli), carbapenem- and ciprofloxacin-resistant (CiproR) Escherichia coli in animal feces on broiler and pig farms with a history of high antibiotic use in Belgium and the Netherlands. Methods. A total of 779 broiler and 817 pig fecal samples, collected from 29 conventional broiler and 31 multiplier pig farms in the cross-border region of Belgium and the Netherlands, were screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli using selective culturing. Results. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli were not detected. ESBL-E. coli were remarkably more prevalent in samples from Belgian than Dutch farms. However, CiproR-E. coli were highly prevalent in broilers of both countries. The percentage of samples with ESBL- and CiproR-E. coli was lower in pig compared to poultry farms and varied between farms. No clear association with the on-farm antibiotic use in the year preceding sampling was observed. Multidrug resistance was frequently observed in samples from both countries, but ESBL-production in combination with ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in samples from Belgium. Conclusions. This study demonstrated marked differences in antibiotic resistance between countries, farms and within farms. The observed variation cannot be explained straightforward by prior quantity of antibiotic use suggesting that it results from more complex interactions that warrant further investigation.
The most common arrhythmia associated with COronaVIrus-related Disease (COVID) infection is sinus tachycardia. It is not known if high Heart Rate (HR) in COVID is simply a marker of higher systemic response to sepsis or if its persistence could be related to a long-term autonomic dysfunction. The aim of our work is to assess the prevalence of elevated HR at discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to evaluate the variables associated with it. We enrolled 697 cases of SARS-CoV2 infection admitted in our hospital after February 21 and discharged within 23 July 2020. We collected data on clinical history, vital signs, laboratory tests and pharmacological treatment. Severe disease was defined as the need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and/or mechanical ventilation. Median age was 59 years (first-third quartile 49, 74), and male was the prevalent gender (60.1%). 84.6% of the subjects showed a SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia, and 13.2% resulted in a severe disease. Mean HR at admission was 90 ± 18 bpm with a mean decrease of 10 bpm to discharge. Only 5.5% of subjects presented HR > 100 bpm at discharge. Significant predictors of discharge HR at multiple linear model were admission HR (mean increase = β = 0.17 per bpm, 95% CI 0.11; 0.22, p < 0.001), haemoglobin (β = −0.64 per g/dL, 95% CI −1.19; −0.09, p = 0.023) and severe disease (β = 8.42, 95% CI 5.39; 11.45, p < 0.001). High HR at discharge in COVID-19 patients is not such a frequent consequence, but when it occurs it seems strongly related to a severe course of the disease.
This special issue of The International Journal of the History of Sport is a collection of selected essays presented at the annual 2020 Congress of the International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport (ISHPES) in Sapporo, Japan – the first ISHPES Congress ever held online. The original idea for the ISHPES 2020 Congress was in fact to provide the opportunity to discuss on site the theme ‘Sport History and Interdisciplinary Relations’ in the year of the Tokyo 2020 summer Olympic and Paralympic games. However, the tragic consequences of the global Covid-19 pandemic postponed the games and prevented international travel and big events. Therefore, the organizers of the congress and the chair, Professor Keiko Ikeda, made it alternatively possible for the participants to discuss the proposed theme online. The number and quality of the sessions and presentations that animated the congress showed that this was the right choice in order to get continuity to the debate on sport history within the international community. However, this came at a price, and demanded an unprecedented effort by the Society and the Organizing Committee to manage everything in a new and digital way. The collection is opened by Martin Polley who offers a study on ‘A fine solidarity in the life of the countryside: The Ashbees and Sport in the Cotswolds, 1902–1907’. This is an analysis of a multi-disciplinary couple, C.R. and Janet Ashbee, who were influential in the Arts and Crafts movement, and active social experimenters between 1902 and 1907. In particular, running a Guild in Gloucestershire, they promoted an innovative model for sport, based on solidarity, community bonds, and health, that the author draws out by focusing on the Ashbees’ published and unpublished writings, archival sources and newspaper reports. Daniel Svensson provides an overview of the development of elite sports education in Sweden since the 1970s. The topic is largely unresearched until now and interrelates nationally existing egalitarian ideas about education on the one hand with the requirement of an elite sport system on the other. The author sheds light on how sport high schools developed within a field of tension with sportification and an egalitarian welfare society as key dimensions. The study is based on archival material from the Swedish Sports Confederation, the Swedish Ski Association and the Swedish National Agency for Education. Findings indicate that the development
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare disease with poor prognosis if left untreated, characterized by pulmonary vascular bed obstruction due to unresolving thromboembolic material. The Hellenic pulmonary hypertension registry (HOPE) was launched in Greece in early 2015 and enrolls patients from all pulmonary hypertension subgroups in Greece. In total, 98 patients with CTEPH were enrolled from January 2015 until November 2019. Of these patients, 55.1% represented incident population, 50% were classified in the World Health Organization functional class II and 49% had a history of acute pulmonary embolism. The median values of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and cardiac index were 7.4 (4.8) WU and 2.4 (1.0) L/min/m2, respectively, the mean diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 74.8 ± 20.6%, the median 6-minute walk distance was 347 (220) meters and the median value of N Terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide was 506.0 (1450.0) pg/mL. In total, 60.2% of the patients were under pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted therapy at the time of enrolment; specifically, riociguat was received by 35.7% of the patients and combination therapy was the preferred strategy for 16% of the patients. In total, 74 patients were evaluated for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), 34 (45.9%) were assessed as operable but only 23 of those (31.1%) finally underwent PEA. The remaining 40 patients were ineligible for PEA according to the operability assessment and 13 (17.6%) of them underwent balloon pulmonary angioplasty. The age of the non-operable patients was significantly higher than the operable patients (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference with regard to the history of coagulopathies between the operable and non-operable patients (p = 0.33).
Independent art spaces not only play an important role in exploring frontiers in the visual arts but are often also pioneers discovering new artistic territories within cities. Due to their subordinate position in the field of art, they often occupy marginal spaces in terms of their location within the urban structure and/or in terms of their physical visibility within the built environment. Their location outside the established artistic cores reflects, at the same time, their weaker economic standing and wish to distinguish themselves from previous generations of cultural producers. Post-socialist cities offer the opportunity to study the spatial history of independent art spaces under different political and economic systems. In this paper, I have used a detailed database of private art galleries in the period from the 1970s to 2019 and content analysis of press and internet texts about them to uncover the stages of development of independent art venues in Krakow, Poland, an example of a post-socialist city with a rich cultural heritage. They included periods of dispersion within the wider inner-city followed by cycles of concentration in rather neglected quarters that were emerging as epicentres of alternative artistic life only to dissipate due to unfavourable economic conditions and the appearance of the next generations of artists who wanted to mark their distinctive presence both in the art world and in the urban space. I also discuss how independent art spaces were using their usually marginal, temporary and fluid sites in their artistic practices and the accumulation of symbolic capital in the field of art.
Available evidence from history of the Nigerian area shows that women have played very prominent role in socio-economic development in the area. It has also been established that throughout the developing world, they predominantly engage in multiple economic activities that are crucial to the survival of poor household. In the case of Nigeria, they constitute 49% of the nation’s total population and are responsible for the reproduction of the labour force and for producing of 70% of nation’s food supply. This has therefore always placed them at the forefront of struggles to ensure favorable socio-economic and political situation for survival and have as such been victims of state repression in the course of this. The paper therefore seeks to examine the relationship between women, rise against Economic Depression and exploitation and State repression in Nigerian. Data obtained from primary and secondary sources (literature review and content analysis) were deployed to carry out the study with an analytical and narrative historical method.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, History of the arts
تهتم هذه الدراسة في البحث عن مرجعيات المنهج الأسلوبي في الخطاب النقدي المعاصر في العراق أنَّ البحث في مرجعية مناهج الخطاب مهمة جدا" تكشف لنا مهارة الناقد في قدرته على البحث في العلاقة بين الرؤية النـقدية، ومرجع آلياتها، ولاسيما أن الخـطابات النقدية الإبداعـية تنطوي دائماً و أبداً على عدة عصور، ولابد أن تستوعب أي قراءة لها هذه الحقيقة ، وتنطلق منها في تحولات مجاله الثـقافي العام إلى مجاله الخـطابي الخاص يساعد في فهم أطوار تطوره والوعي بارتحلاته و تبدلاته من ناقد إلى أخر.وهذا يعني أنَّ الحدث الثـقافي المؤسس يعاد تناوله و إحياؤه دوماً داخل الخطابات عبر صيغ وصور جديدة ، تدخل عليه بعض التعديلات من خلال السياق النقدي الجديد المتأثر بالمرجعيات التراثية والمعـاصرة للناقد التي يحولها إلى منظـومات نصية متداخلة مع نصوص أخرى لتقوم بعملية الكشف والفحص والدرس والتحليل والبرهنة ، للإثبات أو النفي أو الـعرض.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Arts in general