Over the course of several years, within the collection of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of Moldova State University (IGPPP of MSU), various thyme varieties from the genera Thymus and Satureja, which have a special place among aromatic and culinary species, have been studied and tested. This paper presents an analysis of the results obtained from open field testing of four thyme varieties belonging to the Satureja and Thymus genera. The following important characteristics for these species were elucidated: quantitative morphometric parameters, raw material yield, pharmaceutical herb production, essential oil output per hectare, seminological indices, and propagation methods. The dissemination of these results led to the development of the new two varieties: Satureja montana L. ‘Alfa-14’ and Thymus × citriodorus – ‘Lyli-roz’, which have been submitted, registered and patented by the authorized bodies in the Republic of Moldova.
AbstractOne hundred years ago, the first book with the phrase “Animal Genetics” in its title was published. It was written by F.A.E. Crew, then Lecturer in Genetics and foundation Director of the Department of Research in Animal Breeding at the University of Edinburgh. The 352 pages of text provide a most interesting summary of the knowledge of animal genetics at that time. It is impressive to see the extent to which the understanding of genetics had developed in just a couple of decades since the rediscovery of Mendelism. There was, for example, recognition that genes are borne on chromosomes; that XX/XY sex determination provides a very satisfactory explanation for most of the relevant evidence; that sex‐linked inheritance has a practical application; that variation in quantitative traits is determined by the combined action of many genes and many non‐genetic factors; that inbreeding results in substantial decreases in fecundity and fertility due to homozygosity for undesirable alleles; that crossing between lines or breeds gives rise to hybrid vigour (heterosis); and that many disorders are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, and hence can be controlled by informed breeding. There is, however, no mention of Fisher's 1918 paper nor of Wright's recently published inbreeding coefficient and coefficient of relationship. Crew's book inspired the next generation of geneticists, such as Fred Hutt, who travelled from Canada to Edinburgh to do a PhD with Crew, and who later published his own very influential book with the same title, which was dedicated to Crew.
Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Moniruzzaman Hasan, Mohammad Anwar Hossain
et al.
Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) and breeding value analysis (BV) were used to discover genotypes with better features for future breeding efforts. This research included a thorough analysis of the 300 exceptional rice germplasms provided by the Bangladesh Rice Research In (BRRI) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). In the PCA scheme, the dendrogram generated using the UPGMA method identified Cluster II as the most favorable. This cluster comprised 125 genotypes distinguished by remarkable plant height, growth, and grain quality. Properties such as amylose content, chalkiness, and zinc concentration, which have a notable influence on crop productivity, were also taken into consideration. A biplot analysis, specifically examining principal components 1 and 2, revealed a favorable correlation between certain genotypes located in the top right quadrant and important agronomic factors like plant height, flowering, maturity dates, yield, and grain width. Genotypes 11, 31, 36, 48, 68, 78, 119, 126, 133, 195, 218, 220, 235, 241, 265, 266, 284, and 295 had favorable traits that suggested the possibility of higher rice production. The BV analysis revealed six genotypes 86, 142, 143, 239, 282, and 295 that showed promise for future breeding endeavors. Among the six, genotype 295 (IRRI 154) showed remarkable features. These studies provided a substantial contribution to the progress of rice breeding by opening up possibilities for developing rice varieties with improved yield and quality.
Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein that plays a pivotal role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Sister chromatid cohesion 3 (SCC3), constituents of cohesin complex, is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Since the deletion of individual cohesin subunit always causes lethality, it is difficult to dissect its biological function in both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we obtained scc3 weak mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 system to explore its function during rice mitosis and meiosis. The scc3 weak mutants displayed obvious vegetative defects and complete sterility, underscoring the essential roles of SCC3 in both mitosis and meiosis. SCC3 is localized on chromatin from interphase to prometaphase in mitosis. However, in meiosis, SCC3 acts as an axial element during early prophase I and subsequently situates onto centromeric regions following the disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. The loading of SCC3 onto meiotic chromosomes depends on REC8. scc3 shows severe defects in homologous pairing and synapsis. Consequently, SCC3 functions as an axial element that is essential for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis.
Rawan Amr Elmasri, Alaa A. Rashwan, Sarah Hany Gaber
et al.
A non-negligible part of our DNA has been proven to be transcribed into non-protein coding RNA and its intricate involvement in several physiological processes has been highly evidenced. The significant biological role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been variously reported. In the current review, the authors highlight the multifaceted role of myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), a well-known lncRNA, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since its discovery, MIAT has been described as a regulator of carcinogenesis in several malignant tumors and its overexpression predicts poor prognosis in most of them. At the molecular level, MIAT is closely linked to the initiation of metastasis, invasion, cellular migration, and proliferation, as evidenced by several in-vitro and in-vivo models. Thus, MIAT is considered a possible theranostic agent and therapeutic target in several malignancies. In this review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms of MIAT in terms of its downstream target genes, interaction with other classes of ncRNAs, and potential clinical implications as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in HCC.
The genetic basis of sporadic colorectal cancer has illuminated our knowledge of human cancer genetics. This has been facilitated and catalyzed by an appreciation and deep understanding of the forms of colorectal cancer that harbor an inherited predisposition, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome, the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, and certain other rare syndromes. Identification of germline mutations in pivotal genes underlying the inherited forms of colorectal cancer has yielded many dividends, including functional dissection of critical molecular pathways that have been revealed to be important in development, cellular homeostasis, and cancer; new approaches in chemoprevention, molecular diagnostics and genetic testing, and therapy; and underscoring genotypic-phenotypic relationships.