Henry D. Davis, James G. Harkness, David K. Hayes
et al.
Interfacing is a consistent weak point in the manufacturing of microscale gas chromatography columns. Current techniques for interfacing with microfluidic systems often degrade under high temperatures and thermal cycling and suffer from dead volumes. To address these challenges, we fabricated all-metal interfaces that connect 3D-printed microchannels (500 µm diameter) to industry-standard stainless-steel (SS) capillaries. Our fabrication process uses SS binder-jet printing and bronze infiltration to fuse the capillary to the printed part and reduce dead volumes at the interface while utilizing pressure control to prevent the infiltrant from filling the channel or capillary. These interfaces withstood pressures greater than 100 PSI and showed no leakage after thermal cycling to 350 °C. Cross-sections of the interfaces show smooth connections between the channel and capillary with minimal dead volume.
Background Bioactive compounds derived from medicinal
plants have gained prominence in the pharmaceutical industry due to their
therapeutic potential and role in enhancing health and disease
resistance.AimsObjectives The present study aims to identify the bioactive
phytochemicals present in the ethanolic leaf extract of cranberry hibiscus
Hibiscus acetosella using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS and to
explore their potential pharmacological propertiesMethods Ethanolic extracts
of cranberry hibiscus leaves were subjected to GC-MS analysis to detect and
characterize the phytochemical constituents. Identification was based on
retention time molecular weight and mass spectral data which were matched
against the NIST 2008 GC-MS library.Results A total of 27 bioactive
compounds were identified from the extract. Major constituents included
ethane 11-diethoxy 1-propanol 2-methyl 1-propene 3-fluoro acetaldehyde
carbamic acid monoammonium salt 3-aminobenzhydrazide and
cyclohexane1-ethenyl-1-methyl-24-bis1-methylethenyl. These compounds are
associated with a wide range of pharmacological activities including
antimicrobial antioxidant anti-inflammatory antidiabetic antifungal
antibacterial vasodilatory and potential anticancer effects.Conclusion The
GC-MS analysis confirms that cranberry hibiscus leaf extract is rich in
therapeutically valuable phytochemicals. These findings suggest that it
could serve as a promising source for the development of crude drugs and
novel therapeutic agents in modern medicine.
Pharmacy and materia medica, Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Timothy P. Bilton, Setegn W. Alemu, Ken G. Dodds
et al.
Abstract Background Global targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to meet international climate change commitments have driven the livestock industry to develop solutions to reduce methane emission in ruminants while maintaining production. Research has shown that selective breeding for low methane emitting ruminants using genomic selection is one viable solution to meet methane targets at a national level. However, this requires obtaining sufficient measures of methane on individual animals across the national herd. In sheep, one affordable method for measuring methane on-farm to rank animals on their methane emissions is portable accumulation chambers (PAC), although this method is not without its challenges. An alternative is to use a proxy trait that is genetically correlated with PAC methane measures. One such trait that has shown promise is rumen metagenome community (RMC) profiles. In this study, we investigate the potential of using RMC profiles as a proxy trait for methane emissions from PAC using a large sheep dataset consisting of 4585 mixed-sex lambs from several flocks and years across New Zealand. Results RMC profiles were generated from rumen samples collected on the animals immediately after being measured through PAC using restriction enzyme-reduced representation sequencing. We predicted methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (grams per day), as well as the ratio CH4/(CO2 + CH4) (CH4Ratio), from the RMC profiles and SNP-array genotype data. Heritability and microbiability estimates were similar to values found in the literature for all traits. The correlation of PAC methane with predicted methane was 1.9- to 2.3-fold (CH4) and 1.2- to 1.5-fold (CH4Ratio) greater for RMC profiles compared to host genomics only. The genetic correlation between methane predicted from RMC profiles and PAC methane was 0.75 ± 0.12 for CH4 and 0.64 ± 0.11 for CH4Ratio when using a validation set consisting of the animals with the most recent year of birth in the dataset. Conclusions RMC profiles are predictive of, and genetically correlated, with PAC methane measures. Therefore, RMC profiles are a suitable proxy trait for determining the genetic merit of an animal’s methane emissions and could be incorporated into existing breeding programs to facilitate selective breeding for low methane emitting sheep.
The conversion of textile water sludge (TWS) into solid recovered fuel (SRF) represents a promising approach to addressing environmental challenges, advancing waste-to-energy strategies, and promoting circular economy principles. This manuscript explores Taiwan’s innovative efforts in SRF production from textile industry waste, highlighting its integration into industrial processes, regulatory frameworks, and global relevance. The study examines the key technological processes involved, including sorting, drying, and torrefaction, which enhance fuel properties such as calorific value and combustion efficiency. Challenges related to raw material availability, quality control, economic viability, and public perception are analyzed alongside potential solutions such as advanced processing technologies, government incentives, and industry collaboration. Comparisons with international practices reveal Taiwan’s leadership in leveraging textile water sludge as a feedstock while identifying opportunities for further alignment with global standards and scalability. The environmental benefits of SRF, including waste reduction and greenhouse gas mitigation, are juxtaposed with risks like emissions control and high production costs. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of SRF production from textile water sludge as a sustainable solution for waste management and energy generation, contributing to Taiwan’s net-zero emissions goals and offering valuable insights for global adoption.
Zhanar N. Bayzhigitova, Madina B. Nurmukhambet, Aigul Zh. Suleyeva
Background: This paper examines the opportunity to expand the gas reserves of reservoir unit J-IIA of the Aktas field. A previously overlooked prospect was identified based on production anomalies from Well No. 11, whose output did not align with the earlier geological model of the formation. It is proposed that the unusually high production may be linked to the presence of a previously undetected paleo-channel, not captured in earlier seismic interpretations. Aim: Aim of this study is to refine the geological model of the Aktas field and to identify prospective zones – sandy bodies that may serve as lithological gas traps. Materials and methods: The study was based on production well data, integrated with a time cube of the ExChroma attribute extracted from the seismic volume covering the Aktas Field and adjacent areas Results: Among the technologies evaluated, the eXchroma method proved most effective for identifying ancient channel systems in the seismic wavefield of the study area. Using this technique, a channel feature was identified extending along the western structural nose of the Aktas structure, near Well No. 11. The study also highlights a non-structural geological link between the Aktas and Zhetybai structures, and provides an estimate of the gas resources associated with the interpreted paleo-channel. Conclusion: The integrated analysis of available data revealed promising non-structural traps within the Jurassic deposits of the study area. The results of seismic data processing and interpretation are supported by geological, geophysical, and production data obtained from Well No. 11.
Hydrogen is a key energy source for subsurface microbial processes, particularly in subsurface environments with limited alternative electron donors, and environments that are not well connected to the surface. In addition to consumption of hydrogen, microbial processes such as fermentation and nitrogen fixation produce hydrogen. Hydrogen is also produced by a number of abiotic processes including radiolysis, serpentinization, graphitization, and cataclasis of silicate minerals. Both biotic and abiotically generated hydrogen may become available for consumption by microorganisms, but biotic production and consumption are usually tightly coupled. Understanding the microbiology of hydrogen cycling is relevant to subsurface engineered environments where hydrogen-cycling microorganisms are implicated in gas consumption and production and corrosion in a number of industries including carbon capture and storage, energy gas storage, and radioactive waste disposal. The same hydrogen-cycling microorganisms and processes are important in natural sites with elevated hydrogen and can provide insights into early life on Earth and life on other planets. This review draws together what is known about microbiology in natural environments with elevated hydrogen, and highlights where similar microbial populations could be of relevance to subsurface industry.
Chia-Nan Wang, Kristofer Neal Castro Imperial, Nhat-Luong Nhieu
et al.
Today, the transportation industry contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions-roughly 23% of worldwide emissions. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are a viable technical option since they have the ability to drastically cut emissions (e.g., up to 70% compared to gasoline automobiles). Lithium-ion batteries, the fundamental component of BEVs, are essential to the efficiency and performance of the vehicle. Nevertheless, it might be difficult to make the best decision given the wide range of battery producers. In order to close this gap, eleven of the top producers of lithium batteries (e.g., Tesla, Ford and Toyota) were assessed for their 2019–2021 performance. We evaluate battery performance using both the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI). According to the results, Ford, BMW, and Tesla had the greatest average MPI efficiency. Conversely, Toyota, Hyundai, and Mercedes-Benz secured the highest positions among lithium-battery manufacturers in the OPA rankings. Through the use of these methodologies, we aim to provide comparative rankings that will eventually help promote sustainable mobility by giving decision-makers, investors, consumers and other stakeholders an overview for well-informed battery selections.
M. Hosny, Mahmoud F. Mubarak, H. S. El-Sheshtawy
et al.
Abstract The aim of this work was to synthesize a green nanoparticle SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite core–shell to break oily water emulsions during petroleum-enhancing production processes as an alternative to chemical and physical processes. In this study, eight bacterial isolates (MHB1–MHB8) have been isolated from tree leaves, giant reeds, and soil samples. The investigation involved testing bacterial isolates for their ability to make FeO nanoparticles and choosing the best producers. The selected isolate (MHB5) was identified by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene as Bacillus paramycoides strain OQ878685. MHB5 produced the FeO nanoparticles with the smallest particle size (78.7 nm) using DLS. XRD, FTIR, and TEM were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The jar experiment used SnCuO@FeO with different ratios of Sn to CuO (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) to study the effect of oil concentration, retention time, and temperature. The most effective performance was observed with a 1:1 ratio of Sn to CuO, achieving an 85% separation efficiency at a concentration of 5 mg/L, for a duration of 5 min, and at a temperature of 373 K. Analysis using kinetic models indicates that the adsorption process can be accurately described by both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. This suggests that the adsorption mechanism likely involves a combination of film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Regarding the adsorption isotherm, the Langmuir model provides a strong fit for the data, while the D-R model indicates that physical interactions primarily govern the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis reveals a ∆H value of 18.62 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic adsorption process. This suggests that the adsorption is a favorable process, as energy is released during the process. Finally, the synthesized green SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite has potential for use in advanced applications in the oil and gas industry to help the industry meet regulatory compliance, lower operation costs, reduce environmental impact, and enhance production efficiency.
Beyond standard approaches in existing literature, we explore the relative shift in the transition temperature of a homogeneous dilute Bose gas using the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective action formalism within the improved Hartree-Fock approximation. The first correction to the enhancement of the transition temperature, as compared to that of the ideal Bose gas, is expressed in a universal form: it is linear with respect to the scattering length. The slope of this linear relationship shows excellent agreement with the exact numerical calculations presented in previous studies. Additionally, we identify non-universal terms contributing to the shift.
Abstract The separation of gas molecules with similar physicochemical properties is of high importance but practically entails a substantial energy penalty in chemical industry. Meanwhile, clean energy gases such as H2 and CH4 are considered as promising candidates for the replacement of traditional fossil fuels. However, the technologies for the storage of these gases are still immature. In addition, the release of anthropogenic toxic gases into the atmosphere is a worldwide threat of growing concern. Both in academia and industry, considerable research efforts have been devoted to developing advanced porous materials for the effective and energy-efficient separation, storage, or capture of the related gases. In contrast to conventional inorganic porous materials such as zeolites and activated carbons, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as a type of promising materials for gas separation and storage. In this contribution, we review the recent research advance of MOFs in some relevant applications, including CO2 capture, O2 purification, separation of light hydrocarbons, separation of noble gases, storage of gases (CH4, H2, and C2H2) for energy, and removal of some gaseous air pollutants (NH3, NO2, and SO2). Finally, an outlook regarding the challenges of the future research of MOFs in these directions is given.
The evaluation of remaining reserves is crucial for assessing the developmental effect and further enhancing the recovery of a gas field. In this research, with the Changning shale gas field in the southern Sichuan Basin as the center of study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on reservoir distribution, remaining reserves, and strategies to enhance recovery through the utilization of diverse methodologies, including organic geochemical testing, triaxial rock mechanics experiments, and numerical simulations. The results show that, in the study area, the recovery percentage of the well-controlled reserves ranges from 45% to 70%, with the average remaining reserves of wells falling within the (50–150) × 106 m3 range, alongside the potential for additional development in specific local areas. The Changning shale gas field exhibits three distinct types of undeveloped reserves, identified in areas where no wells have been drilled, inadequately fractured zones, and vertically undeveloped areas, respectively. In the areas where the average remaining reserves of wells are exceeding 100 × 106 m3, wells for repeated fracturing are selected depending on the coupling of geological, engineering, and development. In the case of well infilling, areas characterized by developed reticular fractures and existing well spacing >500 m are prioritized, taking into account the surface wellsite conditions. Through an extensive analysis, which include reservoir assessments, rock mechanics evaluations, and numerical modeling, sublayer⑤ is identified as the optimal target in the upper gas interval, with a vertical distance of more than 20 m from sublayer① in the lower gas interval. Zones with well-developed reticular natural fractures, a pressure coefficient >1.2, and a continuous thickness of Class I reservoirs in the upper gas interval >10 m, are selected for staggered tridimensional development with an expected increase in the platform-level recovery percent by 30%. These findings can provide valuable references and guidance for the deployment of well patterns in shale gas blocks.
Andrey V. Bondarenko, Konstantin V. Mushovets, Sergey V. Porshnev
et al.
The paper is devoted to a complex analysis of the current system of regulations in the field of security of critical information infrastructure (CII) facilities of the Russian Federation from the point of view of the logic of formation of the legal basis and the chronology of their creation, the results of which have provided a systematic regulatory framework for the security of CII facilities. The main directions of legislative activity in the field of security CII of the Russian Federation have been highlighted and a classification of the current legal acts in terms of it’s requirements has been proposed..The evolution of the content of the regulatory system to ensure the security of significant CII facilities has been described. The results of the analysis led to the conclusion that the state and regulators in the field of IS has developed a sufficient regulatory framework that defines the basic rules, procedures and requirements for the process of categorization, monitoring of its results, as well as providing information security of significant CII facilities. At the same time, on the basis of the experience of categorization of significant objects of the gas industry by the heat and power complex of the Russian Federation, a hypothesis has been made that the establishment of the information security system at specific significant CII sites (e.g., a variety of types of CII objects and areas of activity of CII entities) will require not only the application of existing legal instruments, but also the development of existing sectoral methodical documents in the field of categorization of objects of CII and in the field of construction of the information security system, taking into account their sectoral characteristics.
We formulate a general scheme for calculation of thermodynamic properties of ideal Bose gas with microscopic number of static impurities immersed, when the system is loaded in the harmonic trapping potential with quasi-1D and quasi-2D configurations. The binding energy of a single impurity and a detailed study of the medium-induced Casimir-like forces between two impurities in trapped Bose gas are numerically calculated in wide range of temperatures and interaction strengths.