Hasil untuk "Folklore"

Moagisi Edwin Kagiso Seleka

The taking over of African lands by imperial forces not only took away that substratum upon which all material life depends, but it also usurped the space of the dispossessed to perform their being. Subsequent to land dispossession was the near extinction of the African intellectual heritage, which suffered what in Marxist literary circles is referred to as social Darwinism, an ideological and cultural battle in which cultures of superior nations subdue those of the conquered ones. As part of the colonial project, a form of epistemic violence was committed against Batswana, and this could be generalized to other peoples who have suffered the same fate. Their intellectual heritage was systematically relegated to a pastime and the infantile form of literary expressions. This was particularly targeted at their oratory. In this paper, a folklore titled Sefofu le Setlhotsa (The Blnd and The Cripple) was selected to demonstrate that the literary value of Setswana folklore transcends: creed, race, time as well as space, and like any literary product, it does also derive its material from the ‘universal’ human behaviour, and thus, it equally addresses superordinate thematic concerns such as vice and virtue. With the view to demonstrate the universality of this Setswana folklore, one juxtaposed it with some Western and African modern literary productions. Additionally, some concepts from modern Social Sciences were used to analyse characters and incidents in the story. Analysis of this folklore yielded that Setswana folklore is still capable of serving as a potent tool for the socialization applicable to the human race across time and space. This paper can, therefore, be regarded as part of the African renaissance project, which Ngugi calls the re-membering of Africa.

Wojciech M. Wochna

Prześledzenie dziejów miejsca, na którym występowały być może kurhan, ale na pewno kopiec, początkowo graniczny, potem może grobowy, a do tego słupowa modła, stanowi zagadkę samą w sobie. Starano się odtworzyć możliwe dziejowe zdarzenia dotyczące tego rzadkiego zjawiska, które według ustnych przekazów i dość ogólnych źródeł pisanych czy obrysów stanowiło miejsce rozdzielające dobra wyknieńskie i będkowskie. Ale to także możliwe miejsce pochówku, może niegdyś siedziba etnicznych bogów, której Kościół starał się nadać katolickie znaczenie. Jawi się kilka możliwości odczytania dziejów i znaczenia tego co bądź niezwykłego miejsca, tak jak i występującej w nim słupowej modły.

E. L. Berezovich, O. D. Surikova

This article draws upon the material of Russian cultural and linguistic tradition and analyses one particular phenomenon. In this phenomenon, a mythological character never existed in the folk belief system, but rather was generated by a linguistic sign or a text fragment. By their nature, the names of the characters studied in this paper derive from two types of verbal signs: 1) character names formed from regular lexical units — common nouns (роди́мчик, rodímchik ‘a seizure accompanied by convulsions and loss of consciousness’ > a character named Ро́дька, Ród’ka) or proper nouns (the forest Хéмерово, Khmerovo in the Arkhangelsk region > the forest spirit Хéмеровский, Khmerovskii); 2) character names that have a textual nature. The latter are constructions, or syntagms, that exist as an interconnected whole only within their “parent” text and then “migrate” outside it (Лель (Lel’), И́лия (Íliia) < song refrains алё-ле, ай люли (alio-le, ai liuli)). For a new character to appear, two stimuli are required: a linguistic stimulus proper (the existence of a name that “seeks” a content plane) and a cultural stimulus (a semiotically intense context: a situation associated with danger, prohibition, omen, aggression, magical practices). These stimuli are often combined, so the mythological nominative fund is almost guaranteed to renew constantly. The authors demonstrate that when “armchair” mythologists create characters based on linguistic stimuli, the same mechanisms are at work as those that function in “simple” folk tradition.

Suzana Marjanić

This is a review of the cat-related exhibition Little Measure of All Things and spoken word, a musical performance Life is Ca’ah, a collaboration with musician Dalibor Zovko, at the opening of the exhibition by artist, researcher and activist Ivana Filip, Atelier Žitnjak, curator: Bojan Krištofić, Zagreb, March 25–April 16, 2022.

Charlotte Hyltén-Cavallius, Lotta Fernstål

This article examines an audio recording with a Roma family made by the collector Arvid Andersson in Sweden, in the early 1950s. The aim of this article is to unfold this jointly constructed conversation between the collector and the Roma family members. The analysis of the conversation shows a delicate interplay between the Roma family and the interviewer, and we especially stress the agency of the family in the process of negotiating belonging, challenging a discourse about the Roma as a passive group merely subjected to discrimination and stereotyping. The foreignness of the Roma was continuously stressed, while the Roma opposed being positioned as foreigners and tried to clarify that they did belong in Sweden and contributed to society. 

Markov Ivaylo

The aim of this article is to analyse the dynamics of religion-ethnicity relation in the Republic of North Macedonia. Special emphasis is placed on the current ethno-political tensions between Albanians and Macedonians and the use of religion and religious symbols in this collision, which is reflected both in the political discourse and in the everyday life and relationships, influencing perceptions and collective notions of people about religion and ethnicity. The findings show that the process of maintenance and shift of the ethno-religious boundaries is dynamic, multidirectional and multi-layered. It is influenced by domestic political, social, economic and cultural developments, international factors such as the EU and NATO accession of the country, as well as the spread of radical Islamic ideologies.

Vilija Sakalauskienė

The article analyzes what ethnolinguistic information about rye can be read in the entries of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries. The research data were selected from thirteen dictionaries of Lithuanian dialects and the comprehensive Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Thus, dialectal dictionaries are an excellent source of lexical semantic research based on the research methodology of the linguistic image of the world. The research presented in the article was inspired by the Słownik stereotypόw i symboli ludowych (SSiSL) (Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols) published by the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School. An attempt is being made to find an answer to the question whether rugys (rye) is just a source of food and a basis for biological existence for Lithuanian farmers and rural residents? It is assumed that rye is synonymous with bread as a gift from God to farmers. According to folklore sources, people sacrificed the best stook of rye to God. According to the tradition of the Polish people, rye is a symbol of abundance, wealth, kindness; according to the tradition of the Lithuanians it is a symbol of growth, vitality, fertility and endurance. Analyzing the data of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries and the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language it was established that the lexeme rye is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as a title word in dictionary entries; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of entries of other words (for example, crops, grain, shoot, winter crops); 4) in terminological compounds (e. g. African rye (Secale africanum), annual cereal (Secale cereale), cereal grass (Secale sylvestre); 5) in paremias; 6) in phraseological compounds. The lexicographic definition of the lexeme rye highlights the following features of the category: a plant, eared (various properties: winter crop, upright, strong, dense, etc.), a symbol of everyday life. The illustrative examples of the words reflect man’s respect for rye as a plant that gives bread.

Alexander Ganchev

The Bulgarians' resettlement to Bessarabia lasted during almost five centuries. It was likely to start at once after the Ottoman's conquest of Bulgaria in the end of XIV century. Since then intensity of migration obviously was different and at the same time it was isolated occurrence and wasn't a reason for places of the Bulgarians' concentration to appear. The oldest Bulgarian settlements in South Bessarabia differed from later Balkan migrants in speaking, folklore, rites and definite elements of cultural attributes. It's seen in the fact that other back-settlers of later waves called them «tuqans» ( tuqan,tuqans,tuqanar) i.e. «local», «native». The last quarter of XVIII - the first decade of XIX centuries in the Bulgarians' historical memory charactered as «krdzhaliysko vreme»,when riots and high handedness of local feudals were rather widespread, the same as open terror of gangs and fugitives in relation to Christian population. One more of the factors that encouraged the Tuqans' ancestors to relocate in South Bessarabia was a complicated epidemiological situation in the region - a plague outbreak, cholera etc. Such a complicated situation when settlement took place is confirmed by documents of Russian customs authorities of that time. The Tuqans constituted the oldest, the most numerous, stable and meaningful in its ethnographic specificity group of Bulgarian diaspora in South Ukraine. Controversial processes influenced their historical evidence that took place in South Bessarabia from the last quarter of XVIII till the first half of XIX century and are defined by long the Ottoman- Russian confrontation together with complicated process of back-settlers' adaptation to new conditions. Keywords: Tuqans, South Bessarabia, Bessarabian Bulgarians, back-settlers, migration, culture, folklore, ethnographic group.

Krzysztof Nowak

The article is dedicated to the presentation of Polish historical, ethnological, linguistic and sociological, generally interdisciplinary scientific research of the Bukovina region, separated from Moldova after 1774. For political reasons, these studies could start as fully professional, after the fall of communism, when obstacles to accessing Romanian and Ukrainian archives and travelling from Poland to both sides of Bukovina disappeared. The article describes the reasons for Poles’ interest in Bukovina, which results from the multiculturalism of the region and the phenomenon of tolerance. The starting point for the research was the Polish minority in Bukovina, which migrated to this region like other ethnic groups after 1774. Currently, the topics best approached by Poles are referring to the dialect of Poles in Bukovina, the culture and identity of the Polish Highlanders in Romanian Bukovina and re-migration from Bukovina in Poland, migration and political history of Poles in Bukovina. An important role in the research of Bukovina by Poles is also played by the folklore festivals in Jastrowie, Poland and the “Polish Culture Days” in Suceava, Romania. Unfortunately, there is little professional Polish research on problems not related to the Polish minority.

John Holmes McDowell

Folklore and sociolinguistics exist in a symbiotic relationship; more than that, at points—in the ethnography of communication and in ethnopoetics, for example—they overlap and become indistinguishable. As part of a reaction to the formal rigor and social detachment of Chomsky’s theoretical linguistics, sociolinguistics emerges in the mid-twentieth century to assess the role of language in social life. Folklorists join the cause and bring to it a commitment to in-depth ethnography and a longstanding engagement with artistic communication. In this essay, I trace key phases in the development of this interdisciplinary movement, revolutionary in its reorientation of language study to the messy but fascinating realm of speech usage. I offer the concept of performative efficacy, the notion that expressive culture performances have the capacity to shape attitude and action and thereby transform perceived realities, as a means of capturing the continuing promise of a sociolinguistically informed folkloristics.

Noémi KARÁCSONY

The present paper aims to reveal the essential features of 19th century French opera, highlighting those aspects which contributed to the eventual crystallization of a dramatic work seeking to reflect the characteristics of French music and culture. The manner in which melody, harmony, rhythm, dynamics, tempo and timbres are used is analysed, focusing on two representative works of the French Romanticism: Saint-Saëns’ Samson et Dalila and Bizet’s Carmen. Harmonic innovations, floating melodies, strong rhythmic patterns along with the marked influence of folklore and Oriental culture contribute to the distinguishing of 19th century French opera. Finally, attributes of the French singing school and the role of the mezzo-soprano voice in the compositions of the 19th century French operas are revealed.

Элина Алиевна Саракаева

Frequent economical, political and cultural exchanges between German and Scandinavian people during the Middle Ages led to the large scale changes that affected many parts of people’s lives and resulted in the appearance of German-Scandinavian frontier culture with its specific features. This article, using the example of Middle German heroic epic “Das Nibelungenlied” (“The Lay of the Nibelungs”) and the corpus of adjoining texts that comprise “the legend of Nibelungs / Nibelungenlegend” aims at describing how literature transgresses boundaries, how frontier literature and folklore function in their new space, how canon texts are restructured following the effects of migration and how the ancient and the new plots can be blended in new works of art. The article begins with a short review of the existing manuscripts of the medieval German heroic epos ""Das Nibelungenlied”. The most characteristic features of the manuscripts are briefly described. Special attention is paid to the so called m and n-versions dating back to the XIV-XV centuries (Darmstadt manuscripts) of the poem, as they can be regarded the marginal versions, containing a specific mixture of oral and written traditions of the Nibelungen legend. The article proceeds with description of how Nibelungen legend is reflected and transformed in the folklore of Faeroe Islands. Further the article discusses the contents of medieval Danish ballads of the Hven island "Grimhild’s Vengeance” (“Grimhildis Hæven”), the history of creation and the publication of these ballads is briefly described. The content-analysis of texts allows the author to draw a number of conclusions on the sources which formed the basis of these works of folklore, and more widely – about the ways of evolution of Nibelungen legend within the space of medieval German-Scandinavian frontier.

Yuri Berezkin

The aim of this paper is to reveal patterns of areal spread of folklore motifs in Eurasia and to understand their rationale. The distribution of 615 motifs related to adventures and tricks according to 339 Old World traditions was statistically processed using factor analysis. Tendencies in the areal spread of motifs are interpreted as proxies for the intensity of information exchange between people. Two regularities in distribution of motifs deserve attention. Western Europe and the Mediterranean with adjacent Africa are contrasted with the Caucasus, Central Asia and Mongolia with adjacent Siberia. Finnish, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Byelorussian and Ukrainian traditions are strongly “European”, the folklore of the Crimea Tatars and especially of the Bashkir is strongly “Asiatic”, the folklore of the Gagauz, Volga Tatars, Mari, Udmurts and Komi moderately “Asiatic”, the Russians, the Setu, the Karelians and the Mordvinians are slightly on the “European” side while the Chuvash are slightly on the “Asiatic” side. Other set of motifs contrasts Siberian, Eastern European and Baltic traditions with the Mediterranean – South Asian ones. The northern set of motifs seems to have origins as deep in time as the early Holocene. The southern one largely correlates with the spread of Islam but can have some roots in the early civilizations of Western Eurasia.

Mirjam Mencej

The article is based on fieldwork material on witchcraft that was collected in a rural part of western Slovenia between 2000 and 2002. The author tried to emphasize the complexity of withcraft as well as the fact that there are different categories of »witches« in this area. Emphasized is the need to consider all aspects of witchcraft. Equally necessary is that a researcher of this phenomenon be able to recognize numerous differences and nuances and that he or she considers the dynamics of their overlapping. The second part of the article focuses on posible disturbances in communication and on false interpretations that may be the result of ignoring different aspects and types of witchcraft and witches.

Pablo Palomino

During World War Two, US cultural foreign policy addressed “Latin American music” as part of a Pan-American musical system. Under the direction of musicologist Charles Seeger, the Music Division of the Pan American Union promoted musical and musicological exchanges valorizing both the region’s national traditions and their common hemispheric identity. This imperial initiative had a manifold impact. First, it increased the availability of musical resources across the hemisphere, such as catalogues, which in turn valorized folklore as part of a transnational conversation. Second, it gave legitimacy to the concept of “Latin American music,” and promoted musical pedagogy beyond the borders of each national tradition. Third, it fostered the growth of Latin American musicology as a transnational field, partially subordinating the initiatives of its founding father, Francisco Curt Lange. Finally, the Music Division turned the US-Latin American musical exchanges into a template for the larger global musical exchanges of the postwar under UNESCO, and provided it with a democratic and ultimately populist notion of music as an expression of “the people.”

Adem ÖZBEK

Ebubekir Hazim Tepeyran is a statesman grew up in Niğde. He served asgovernor, minister and Member of Parliament during the last period of OttomanEmpire and in the newly born Republic. He visited and saw many places in Anatoliabecause of his job which also gave him the opportunity to face the unsolvedproblems of Anatolia. His transformation from a Statesman to Literature happenedalso at this point. His struggle against problems under his Statesman title continuedwith Literature title as a writer by publishing the novel named “Little Pasha” duringthe constitutionalism period. “Little Pasha” is an leading novel for TurkishLiterature in which it displays Villages and Villagers. In this study, the novel will beanalyzed by focusing on the structure, theme, language and expressive features.

S. A. Thornton

Dwight F. Reynolds

Darryl Babe Wilson, Susan Brandenstein Park

Samuel G. Armistead