Hasil untuk "Economics as a science"

Mifta Fitriyana, Retno Kurnianingsih

The role of a halal lifestyle is a form of personal awareness in implementing practices following Islamic teachings. This is related to a person's lifestyle in making an investment decision. The purpose of this study is to see how the role of an investor's halal lifestyle in their investment decisions, seen from Islamic financial literacy, and also their financial behavior. This study examines an investor, a student at Cokroaminoto University, who invests in the stock market. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing a case study design. The findings of this study indicate that the role of a halal lifestyle, as reflected in Islamic financial literacy and the financial behavior of investors, can influence the decisions made in their investments.

The modern business environment depends on green innovation to achieve sustainable growth through environmentally friendly products that boost both operational effectiveness and market competencies. Research explains how external environmental pressures relate to green innovation measures alongside their effects on firm performance and continues to grow more because current studies show insufficient evidence of these interdependent connections. The study examines multiple elements affecting green innovation performance through external influences to help organizational leaders, together with policymakers, bring sustainable practices into an environmentally aware business market. This study investigated the influence of green innovation on firm performance only through the subjects of management engagement, customer demand for sustainability, and supply chain risk. Optimizing green innovation is a strategic process aimed at increasing the long-term resilience and sustainable performance of an organization. The study draws from theories of green innovation, sustainability, and firm performance, hypothesizing interactions among green practices, managerial support, consumer preferences, and supply chain dynamics. The study combines environmental policies, employee involvement, and external collaboration to enhance its theoretical framework. The quantitative method of PLS-SEM was used to analyse data gathered from 621 companies in Pakistan. This approach uses structured questions to measure constructs, which include green product innovation, green process innovation, management commitment and firm performance. Green product and process innovation drives the performance of a firm, with both management and consumers in need of sustainability. However, supply chain risks reduce the impacts. The findings imply that sustainability in central business and supply chain shortcomings are three factors that need to be considered. The research includes empirical findings related to green innovation. It can help managers develop sustainable policies that are performing well in coping with market requirements and reducing risk. It also shows companies’ contributions to the progress of environmental goals. The study reconnects determinants and impediments of green innovation; it highlights the influence on the firm and provides principal implemented indications towards the aim of sustainable exercise.

Maryna Bochkarova

The article is devoted to stimulating the development of housing construction through mortgage lending. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of mortgage lending in the development of the housing sector, in particular through its impact on supply and demand in the real estate market and pricing in this sector. In the course of the research, data analysis, correlation analysis, and methods of forecasting economic trends were used. Graphical methods were also used to provide a clear understanding of how changes in the mortgage market affect the development of the real estate sector. The results of the study show that mortgage lending is a key element in stimulating the development of the housing sector, as it not only directly facilitates access to finance for potential property buyers, but also indirectly affects the pricing and investment attractiveness of the housing sector. The paper shows that fluctuations in mortgage rates have a significant impact on the dynamics of supply and demand in the residential real estate market, as well as on price trends. In particular, rising mortgage rates tend to reduce demand for housing, as households expect better investment opportunities. There is also a strong correlation between mortgage rate increases and slower price growth. The expansion of the mortgage lending market and, consequently, a reduction in mortgage rates boosts supply in the real estate market. Nevertheless, it is found that such changes can have complex and ambiguous consequences, including the risks of market overheating and the formation of price "bubbles" that threaten the stability of the sector in the long run. In addition, the study found that mortgage lending facilitates the implementation of new construction projects and the expansion of the housing stock, which is an important factor in stimulating economic growth. At the same time, the analysis showed that the impact of mortgage rates on the real estate market depends on a wide range of factors, including the economic situation, central bank policy, consumer confidence and other macroeconomic indicators. The practical significance of the publication is to provide recommendations for the development of a balanced policy in the field of mortgage lending aimed at supporting the stable development of the housing sector and preventing potential destabilising factors in the real estate market.

Dietmar Bauer

When using vector autoregressive (VAR) models for approximating time series, a key step is the selection of the lag length. Often this is performed using information criteria, even if a theoretical justification is lacking in some cases. For stationary processes, the asymptotic properties of the corresponding estimators are well documented in great generality in the book Hannan and Deistler (1988). If the data-generating process is not a finite-order VAR, the selected lag length typically tends to infinity as a function of the sample size. For invertible vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) processes, this typically happens roughly proportional to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo form="prefix">log</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The same approach for lag length selection is also followed in practice for more general processes, for example, unit root processes. In the I(1) case, the literature suggests that the behavior is analogous to the stationary case. For I(2) processes, no such results are currently known. This note closes this gap, concluding that information-criteria-based lag length selection for I(2) processes indeed shows similar properties to in the stationary case.

Т. В. Ковальова

Стаття присвячена дослідженню процесу постачання, який є складною і складноорганізованою діяльністю, що включає в себе придбання товарів, матеріалів і послуг для задоволення потреб підприємства. Мета статті  передбачає дослідження ролі обліку в процесі постачання. Доведено, що облік постачання дозволяє забезпечити належний контроль над поповненням товарно-матеріальних цінностей на складах, зберіганням і забезпеченням їх безперебійної господарської діяльності. Ефективне постачання товарів та матеріалів є важливим чинником успіху підприємства і дозволяє забезпечити його конкурентоспроможність на ринку. Запропоновані шляхи покращення обліку в процесі постачання. Серед пропозицій: автоматизація системи обліку процесу постачання; проведення як моніторингу забезпеченості запасів на підприємства так і моніторингу постачальників з точки зору якості, ціни та доставки ними матеріальних цінностей. Для стабільної роботи підприємства запропоновано укладання довгострокових контрактів та проведення регулярного аналізу та оцінки ефективності системи постачання. Вказано на значення аналітичного обліку для здійснення ефективного процесу постачання.

Alanna Santos de Oliveira, Carlos Alves do Nascimento

O estudo do desenvolvimento econômico frequentemente tem sido abordado a partir de uma ótica distributiva, sobretudo com a ascensão das teorias do crescimento com distribuição de renda pós-keynesianas. Apesar disso, menor atenção é atribuída aos aspectos culturais e valorativos em torno dos quais a questão do desenvolvimento e suas bases distributivistas estão colocadas. Tendo em vista essa lacuna na literatura econômica sobre o tema, este trabalho visa apontar a perspectiva da cultura, da racionalidade e dos valores ao exame do desenvolvimento econômico associado à questão distributiva, inclusive, perpassando a estruturação de classes. Para tanto lança-se mão da pesquisa bibliográfica concentrada, primeiramente, nas obras de Thorstein Veblen, James Duesenberrry e Pierre Bourdieu, e, em seguida, na obra de Celso Furtado, apontando-se, inclusive, como alguns dos autores anteriores fornecem bases teóricas para a elaboração de sua teoria do desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento, centrada na noção de cultura.

Marian Siminică, Marioara Avram, Luminița Popescu et al.

The tendency of depletion of non-renewable resources and the environment’s continuous degradation have been considered in the last centuries acceptable as side effects for achieving the economic growth and satisfying the human needs in the conditions of demographic growth following an upward trend. An adequate response to all these challenges is related to increasing the share of green GDP in total GDP, to green procurement and to the large-scale promotion of circular economy. At EU level, there are appropriate legislation and programs and packages aimed at implementing green procurement and the circular economy. There are also "prize-winner" countries that have adopted National Green Procurement Plans before they became mandatory, countries that have found it harder to adopt this type of plans, but also countries that have not adopted National Green Procurement Plans such as Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Luxembourg and Romania. The article focuses on an analysis of the impact of national green procurement plans adoption on circular economy in the European Union member states for the period 2007-2018, with the help of an unrestricted VAR panel (PVAR), based on three hypotheses according to which the impact of these plans’ adoption is positive on economic growth, CO2 emissions and circular economy. Data taken from Eurostat and processed using E-Views 9 econometric software allowed the validation of research hypotheses, confirming the positive impact of the adoption and implementation of green procurement national plans on some significant indicators characterizing the circular economy, which is likely to encourage the generalization of concerns regarding the adoption of coherent public policies in all Member States

Fuad Čergić, Emira Kozarević

Organizations in today’s extremely competitive environment need to devote significant time, energy as well as human and financial resources to the measurement of their efficiency, in order to increase their profit, reduce costs, better plan their assets and manage their budgets, as well as to improve budget controls and risk assessment. Therefore, they need performance models, including the Balanced Scorecard. Primarily intended for profit organizations, the Balanced Scorecard is today used in the public sector, as well. This paper presents the research into the utilization of the Balanced Scorecard in the public sector, examining whether the performance of higher education institutions may be improved by the design and utilization of the Balanced Scorecard model.

Daniela Ioniță, Lucian-Florin Onișor

Internet advertising consumes over 100 billion $ globally, therefore it is important to see if those money are well spent. The aim of this article is to investigate if Internet users are looking at advertisements and where they are looking at. An eye-tracking experiment was designed to test how much attention- in terms of fixation time and fixation counts - is allocated to advertisements when users are performing different online tasks. Tasks were selected based on complexity – low/high complexity – and involvement – low/high involvement. The results revealed that the longer it takes to accomplish a task, the more the user will look at advertisements. Regardless of task, users pay the most attention to the top advertising area followed by downright advertising area. Even if the study has some limitations, it has also some valuable managerial recommendations.

Janusz Dworak

The article concerns the functioning of market attractors which are places providing for the company stabilization of market position. These are: points appearing on the positioning map; the area based on the nature of the business; strategic alliances; self-organization. The conclusion of the article is that in order to avoid the chaos in the face of emerging structural transformations, it is necessary to develop appropriate concepts for the efficient transition of a company’s position to the area which stabilizes the production. Expanding the marketing research paradigm by prospecting surveys increased the ability to acquire the information needed to initiate new ways to improve the competitiveness of a company. Manager responsible for stabilizing the company in the long term should be aware of the existence of marketing attractors that provide the information for reorganizing old structures.

H. H. Mamadalieva

The purpose of the article is to disclose the place and the role of a young family in formation in perspective of the family potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The family represents an association of people based on marriage or consanguinity, who have a common life and mutual responsibility, and is an essential component of the social structure of the society. It is the most important life value in many countries. These days, there is often a transition to new models of family formation. The family in Uzbekistan is quite stable, despite new and not always positive trends occurring in the world. It continues to be the most important value in life, the guardian of national traditions and customs, the basis of personality formation and healthy way of living. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the fi rst time the role and the place of a young family in formation in the perspective of family potential is disclosed using the example of Uzbekistan. According to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the State Youth Policy» a young family is a family where the age of both spouses does not exceed thirty inclusive, or a family in where children (child) are raised by one parent aged no more than thirty inclusive, including the divorced, and the widower (widow). Procreation of population is largely due to a young family (3/4 of the total number of children are born with the parents under 30 years of age). Uzbekistan is characterized by a high marriage rate. The population, entering into marriage, increases annually in the Republic. At the same time, the marriage rate grows. All this promotes formation of young families and increase of their share in the total number of families in the Republic. The measures provided by the state policy concerning families in general, refer, mostly and largely, to young families in the fi rst place. Methods of statistical analysis, methods of groups, and methods of sociological poll are used in the article. The results of sociological research on determining reproductive attitudes of the population in general, including youth, are given in the article along with the data of the offi cial statistics. According to the sociological survey conducted by the scientifi c and practical center «Oila», a question: «How many children should be in a family?» was asked, and 22.6% of the respondents answered that there should be three children; 16.7% – two children; 16.4% – four, 13.8% of the respondents – fi ve children. The results of the conducted research demonstrate that formation of a demographic situation in the long term, high-quality development of the population, and economic growth rates in the Republic of Uzbekistan will depend considerably on reliability in family – the marriage relations and dynamics of reproductive intentions developing in young families.

Rafael Alexander Jaramillo Lotero

Los países han abierto sus fronteras y generaron políticas aperturistas, cuya situación nos crea grandes expectativas para la evolución del mundo de los negocios: dando oportunidad a las empresas de re direccionarse para la conquista de nuevos mercados, por lo que se ven en la necesidad de atender los retos de la competitividad, no solo como una moda económica-empresarial, sino como una apuesta al desarrollo. El Estado cumple un papel fundamental como regulador y el propósito de este documento es presentar una disertación sobre la competitividad, su conceptualización y los organismos que la interpretan, lo que conlleva a la generación de posibilidades de desarrollo empresarial frente al comportamiento económico que se presenta a nivel local, regional, nacional y mundial, esta interpretación permite una integración entre empresas, países y sociedades, sin dejar de lado la productividad, la cual se puede considerar un indicar de la competitividad.

A. A. Glukhova, A. A. Iudin, D. A. Shpilev

Objective: on the basis of sociological research, to determine the level of confidence in police among the population of Nizhny Novgorod region and to measure the subjective assessment by citizens of the degree of protection from criminal attacks. Methods: general scientific (analysis, systemic-structural approach to the analysis of research object, comparative-legal), as well as logical methods and the special scientific method (questionnaire method - questioning of residents of Nizhny Novgorod region).Results: the characteristics of the process of actual interaction between citizens and police are identified and classified; the attitude to police and the level of trust in police in general and in certain areas of their work in various categories of the population are identified; the typology of population groups depending on their concepts about police functioning is carried out. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the article discusses public opinion of the Nizhny Novgorod region residents about police officers; the actual characteristics and interaction between citizens and police are revealed; proposals and practical recommendations were formulated for adjustment of the work of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Interior with the aim of increasing the level of their credibility with the population. Among them are: a) to improve the efficiency of propaganda of the police work results in mass media, including the work with citizens’ claims, disclosure and investigation of crimes, especially those which caused a broad public resonance; b) to inform citizens and police officers about the social importance of the activities of Internal Affairs bodies and internal troops for ensuring public order, prevention, suppression, disclosure of crimes and offences; c) to expand the number of journalists specializing in law-enforcement issues; d) to simplify the procedure for receiving claims from citizens about small and medium crimes with the use of modern technologies (the possibility of electronic claims through specialized portals or applications); d) to continue explaining to citizens the advantages and possibilities of use the “Safe city” application for crime prevention in public places and increasing the effectiveness of police officers for suppression, disclosure and investigation of crimes in hot pursuit.Practical significance: the results of the study reveal the essential characteristics of public opinion about the police officers’ image. These characteristics can be used as a tool for shaping the image of law-enforcement officers. The guidelines are developed for improving the analytical support of activity of divisions of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in Nizhny Novgorod region and territorial bodies of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs deployed in the region, to increase the level of credibility among the population.

Cezary Orłowski, Tomasz Sitek, Artur Ziółkowski et al.

The aim of the paper is to present a concept of measuring the performance of city management processes by use of a concept of aggregate KPIs. In the management of organizations and, as a consequence of the use of a common design framework also in the management of cities, silo KPIs are commonly used to show the statuses of the processes of organizations/cities. Thus the question arises as to what extent aggregate KPIs, as proposed in the paper, can be used in the management processes of smart cities in place of the silo ones typical for organizations. The work is divided into four main parts. The first presents the problems of managing smart cities to introduce the reader to the problems of measuring processes and the need for aggregated measurements. The second section discusses KPIs and their place and role in management processes. The third part contains a description of the model of aggregate KPIs to support measurements of the status of city processes. In the fourth section the developed model is verified, demonstrating its applicability for city management processes. The summary includes a recommendation for the use of aggregate KPIs in the city.

Andrzej Smolarczyk

The article presents functioning of the political parties that focus the Ukrainian minority that lived in the province of Polesia in the interwar period. An enormous influence on the activity of the Ukrainian political parties had the Communist parties (KPZU, KPZB), which effectively supplanted the Ukrainian nationalist groups that acted in Polesia. From the beginning of the thirties the repressions of Polish security apparatus were so strong that almost completely inhibited the development of the Ukrainian political life.

Riané de Bruyn, Rangan Gupta, Lardo Stander

Evidence in favor of the monetary model of exchange rate determination for the South African Rand is, at best, mixed. A co-integrating relationship between the nominal exchange rate and monetary fundamentals forms the basis of the monetary model. With the econometric literature suggesting that the span of the data, not the frequency, determines the power of the co-integration tests and the studies on South Africa primarily using short-span data from the post-Bretton Woods era, we decided to test the long-run monetary model of exchange rate determination for the South African Rand relative to the US Dollar using annual data from 1910 – 2010. The results provide some support for the monetary model in that long-run co-integration is found between the nominal exchange rate and the output and money supply deviations. However, the theoretical restrictions required by the monetary model are rejected. A vector error-correction model identifies both the nominal exchange rate and the monetary fundamentals as the channel for the adjustment process of deviations from the long-run equilibrium exchange rate. A subsequent comparison of nominal exchange rate forecasts based on the monetary model with those of the random walk model suggests that the forecasting performance of the monetary model is superior.

Lynette Olivier

Abstract not available.

MANUEL CORREIA DE ANDRADE

Dentre as ciências que direta ou indiretamente se preocupam com o estudo dos problemas ligados ao homem e que podem contribuir para a solução dos problemas sociais do nosso tempo, a Geografia tem sido uma das menos estudadas, uma das menos prestigiadas. Por um ou por outro motivo ela não conseguiu alcançar o prestígio da economia políti- ca, primeira das ciências sociais a se formar, nem mesmo o de outras ciências surgidas no século passado como a Sociologia, a Psicologia ou a Antropologia. Em muitas áreas, permaneceu muito ligada a uma situa- ção de quase dependência da História ou da Ciência Política. Daí a igno- rância, mesmo nos meios mais cultos, da existência de uma verdadeira ciência geográfica, de seu objetivo, de seu domínio e de seus métodos. Desconhecimento que leva as pessoas de nível cultural médio a considerá- la um mero catálogo de nomes de acidentes geográficos, de relação de altitudes, de extensão de rios, de população de cidades, etc. Este fato vem provocando subemprego da Geografia e dos co- nhecimentos geográficos, sobretudo em países subdesenvolvidos como o Brasil, em prejuízo próprio, uma vez que leva os administradores e os responsáveis pelo planejamento econômico a tomarem medidas e acon- selharem soluções baseadas em ideias pré-estabelecidas, em ponto-de- vista formulado por autores que examinaram realidades diversas das nos- sas sem consultar os problemas e as necessidades brasileiras. Daí o apa- recimento de leis inteiramente alienadas de nossa realidade e, às vezes, planos de desenvolvimento que foram feitos para a realidade abstrata que pode ser o Nordeste Brasileiro, o Saara ou a Sibéria. A fim de evitar problemas desse tipo, achamos que os geógrafos devem ter participação na elaboração desses planos e disporem, os cientistas sociais, administra- dores e planejadores, de conhecimentos fundamentais de geografia.

Marinela Manea, Veronica Stefan

Generally the non-current assets, and especially the tangible assets, are held by the entity (as it results from their very definition) in order to be used in the production of goods or for services, to be rented to the thirds or to be used for administrative purposes during several periods. For the time interval that a non-current asset is not classified as being held for sale, its recognition and implicitly its assessment will be done in accordance with the provisions of the applicable International Financial Reporting Standards; after the classification of the respective asset as being held with the intention of subsequent sale there will be applicable the provisions of the contemporary IFRS norm 5 “Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued activities”.

Omar Enrique Castillo Nuñez

Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo describir el comportamiento temporal de los precios del ganado hembra vivo de levante de primera calidad en las ciudades de Montería y Sincelejo, comercializado en las subastas. Para ello se acude al análisis de los precios durante el periodo 1997-2008 utilizando técnicas estadísticas y económetricas como la media móvil multiplicativa, la tasa de crecimiento sobre medias anuales y modelos generalizados auto- regresivos condicionales heterocedásticos, GARCH. Los resultados indican la presencia de estacionalidad y ciclos en los precios mensuales; en los precios semanales hay evidencias de volatilidad, lo cual genera riesgos para la inversión ganadera en el largo plazo y torna impredecibles su evolución.