Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Sonia Buchholtz

This article examines the immediate energy-saving strategies declared by EU households in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which exposed the Union’s reliance on Russian fossil fuels. Drawing on data from Flash Eurobarometer 506 (April 2022), the study applies principal component analysis and k-means clustering to identify coherent behavioural patterns. Three segments are distinguished: engaged (broad action takers), selective (focused on low-cost behavioural changes), and unwilling (low or no declared engagement). While most respondents expressed a willingness to act, only a minority reported strategies that spanned both behavioural and investment domains. Cross-country variation was more pronounced than socio-demographic differences, highlighting the role of national context, geopolitical awareness, and perceived urgency. The findings contribute to the understanding of household behaviour under acute external shocks and demonstrate the value of strategy-based segmentation. Policy implications include designing targeted interventions aligned with behavioural patterns, rather than relying solely on socio-demographic profiling.

Malgorzata Burchard-Dziubińska

This article aims to critically analyze the application of the polluter pays principle (PPP) to GHG and answer the question: how much should the polluter pay? The research method includes an analysis of relevant literature, a brief overview of legal acts related to the application of the PPP, and international agreements related to implementing the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, with a particular focus on the Polish legal system and references to economic practice. The subject of consideration is direct carbon pricing – carbon taxes and emission trading systems (ETS). Although PPP is generally considered fair, its application to GHG emissions is controversial due to the global nature of climate change and the significant differences in carbon pricing among countries. The difference between the carbon tax and the price of allowances in the EU ETS (USD 0.1 versus approximately USD 70) is exceptionally high in Poland and should be reduced as soon as possible.

Leszek Kwieciński , Anna Barbarzak

The aim of the article is to analyse the assumptions of the EU policy on critical raw materials (CRMs). This is a starting point for the effective design of the Polish public policy implemented in this area and the indication of the direction of its development in the short and medium term. In order to achieve the research objectives, the authors used methods appropriate to the social sciences, in particular, the institutional legal method, the comparative method and the rational choice neo-institutionalism. The sources of the analysis are documents and source materials (national and EU), baseline data, as well as participatory, sustained and covert observation resulting from the authors' professional functions and participation in industry initiatives. Furthermore, the authors collected information and data through dialogue with key stakeholders and participants of the Polish CRMs ecosystem.  The development of public policy in the field of CRM is an important pillar for the implementation of the strategy for the development of an innovative economy. Poland's participation in strategic EU projects aimed at achieving technological sovereignty requires the adaptation of state policy assumptions.

Teresa Piecuch , Katarzyna Chudy-Laskowska , Elżbieta Szczygieł et al.

The subject of the article was issues related to the green economy and the Human Development Index (HDI). Its aim was to check whether there is any differentiation in the level of the green economy in the surveyed provinces (voivodeships) and to identify the links between the level of the green economy and the HDI index. The main research problem formulated in the form of a research question was: Is the level of the green economy linked to the Human Development Index? In the first step of the research process, the level of the green economy was determined in regional terms. It was based on the most up-to-date data available. They concerned the year 2022 and were taken from the Central Statistical Office database. Out of the 69 measures included in the database, 16 measures have been selected. In the next step, the results obtained during grouping were compared with the Human Development Index. The study used correlation analysis, a taxonomic method of grouping objects - the Ward method and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. Grouping made it possible to diagnose the degree of differentiation of the green economy in the voivodeships and create clusters of similar voivodeships in terms of the level of the green economy. The Kruskal-Wallis H test made it possible to check whether the level of the green economy is linked to the HDI. As a result of these activities, the resulting clusters were compared, and conclusions were formulated. Analyses showed that the level of the green economy varies significantly between voivodeships. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the level of green economy and the HDI index.

Marcin Łuszczyk

Observed climate changes and growing competitiveness in international markets prompt the search for environmentally friendly and cheap energy sources. Poland's current energy policy is, however, quite conservative, emphasizing the leading role of coal in ensuring energy security. Consequently, the main goals set for the country's energy policy deviate significantly from EU guidelines. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the assumptions of Poland's energy policy and to indicate selected solutions that can effectively increase the supply of clean energy. The paper primarily highlights the untapped potential for the development of photovoltaic installations and wind energy.

Agnieszka Orankiewicz, Aleksandra Bartosiewicz

This article provides the first research on the importance of technological and environmental factors in the context of innovation and strategic management in the film industry. The study employs semi structured interviews, a systematic literature review (SLR) and a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI). First, based on the interviews and SLR, it identifies the most important technological and environmental film business model adaption factors, four in each category. Then, the CAWI results indicate that technological factors supported by social and economic changes substantially impact the film business models, while environmental factors are of minor importance, although noticeable. As with any research, ours also has some limitations. The surveys were conducted with a limited number of experts who agreed to participate in the study. At the same time, the findings of SLR depend on the researchers’ choice of searched keywords, the language of the scrutinised texts and the selection of databases.

Anna Kuczuk, Janusz Pospolita, Jacek Pieczonka

The immediate goal of the article is an emergy analysis of fish production on an exemplary fish farm. Additionally, it was compared, in terms of environmental burden, with other exemplary agricultural productions. On the basis of the calculated emergy inflows, selected emergy indicators (ELR, EYR, REN) were calculated, showing the scale of use of renewable and non-renewable resources. The results show that the analysed fish production does not burden the environment and largely uses renewable resources, unlike other intensive agricultural productions. The ELR value was compared with its values for other exemplary agricultural production. In fish farming, this indicator is most often lower than 1. It is assumed that such activity does not burden the environment. Animal production requires the involvement of additional space for fodder production. Therefore the differences in the area necessary for the production of a food unit (GJ) of exemplary plant and animal products are also shown. Emergy analysis and its results can provide valuable information for decision-makers in terms of the direction of a given production.

Arkadiusz Halama, Agnieszka Majorek

The impact of climate change on the economy and environment humans live in has increased, leading to a relatively quick intensification of the effort to reduce the environmental footprint of the civilisation. The push to establish a sustainable energy economy has become one of the primary challenges today. A sustainable energy economy should ensure energy security, reduce energy poverty, and contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Poland is facing considerable challenges relevant to the objectives of EU policy, particularly the Fit for 55 package, which cannot be achieved without renewable energy sources. The most popular renewable energy source in Poland is solar energy. Apart from its obvious advantages, the use of distributed photovoltaic generation (including microgeneration) entails the need for transmission grid upgrades. The paper’s objective was to assess the RES potential of Poland through an analysis of the steps the state took and the progress of its targets. The empirical part focuses on the assessment of the use of the solar energy potential (in photovoltaic microgeneration) in cities with district rights in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, from 2014 to 2020. The study employs selected cartographic representation, comparative analysis, in-depth case study, and spatial analysis methods. The calculations involved data from Tauron Dystrybucja SA on the number of microgeneration systems in the cities, Database of Topographic Objects, Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office of Poland and Eurostat.

Jose María Molina Martínez

Situado justo en el centro de un espacio físico muy concreto como es la bahía de Cádiz, el Museo El Dique participa, como una institución cultural más, de un área geográfica de unos 300 km2 de superficie en la que se combinan marismas y lámina de agua con grandes superficies industriales y núcleos urbanos que aportan a este extraño conjunto algo más de 400.000 habitantes.

Mirosław Broniewicz

The article presents reflections on the renovation of existing building structures, in particular buildings. Particular attention is paid on the durability of structures as an element of sustainable development is considered. The concept of sustainability in the limit state approach to the structural design is proposed. The durability should be treated and considered as a third limit state.  Problems related to the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the actual estimation of the environmental impact of existing buildings are also presented.

Janusz Leszek Sokół

It was assessed the possibility of developing agritourism in the Narew National Park. The assessment is based on the survey conducted in the months of May and June 2015 with the participation of 96 owners of agritourism farms from this area. Most of the respondents started their own agritourism business using foreign funding sources, such as European funds and bank loans rather than their own means. Financial resources were mainly spent on the development of investments connected with new agritourist undertakings or the extension of existing facilities or their modernization and adaptation, mainly concerning accommodation. Farmers see the biggest limitations in the development of agritourism in the underdevelopment of its infrastructure, the lack of own capital as well as incomplete knowledge in the field of catering, promotion and marketing as well as the principles of keeping the accounts.

Piotr Bołtryk

The purpose of this paper is to give the reader the understanding of the procedure for obtaining a decision on the environmental conditions of consent for the accomplishment of the undertaking in Poland. The method of case study was used in the research. The subject of the study was the implementation of the investment in the municipality of Kuźnica involving the construction of a broiler house in the mulching system for 30,000 broiler chickens with accompanying infrastructure. The tips contained in the paper can provide invaluable assistance to investors wishing to undertake projects requiring environmental conduct.

Krystyna Rauba, Aneta Brulińska

The aim of the article is to present the public perception of the implementation of an individual wastewater management system, i. e. the so-called household sewage treatment plants in Śniadowo municipality. The contingent valuation method (CVM), part of which is a willingness to pay  survey (WTP), was used to get to know the opinions of the inhabitants on the implementation of individual wastewater treatment systems. The contingent valuation method was implemented based on surveys conducted in the selected municipality.

Luis Fernando Fé Cantó

El presente trabajo explica y emplea un nuevo método para la creación de un gráfico que establece un marco temporal para las incursiones corsarias de las potencias norteafricanas en las costas españolas en los siglos XVII y XVIII y especialmente entre 1650 y 1768. Este método se basa en el análisis de la información encontrada en los libros de registro mantenidos por las órdenes redencionistas: los Trinitarios y los Mercedarios. Se han examinado cerca de 10.000 casos y se puede plantear la hipótesis de que la suposición de una disminución de las incursiones de corsarios durante el siglo XVIII no parece sostenerse en lo que respecta a esta zona geográfica precisa. Además, y utilizando las mismas fuentes, se afirma que una geohistoria de estas incursiones corsarias permite conocer las zonas más afectadas por estos ataques así como su evolución en el tiempo. Este estudio arroja nueva luz sobre la cuestión del cautiverio, que no solo es consecuencia del corso, sino también de las guerras fronterizas entre el Imperio español y las potencias del norte de África.

Álvaro Historiador Garrido

César Yáñez

Fabrice Bernard

Ramon Llaca