Hasil untuk "Dynamic and structural geology"

Lei Xiong, Fangrui Sima, Shuwen Guo et al.

Borehole image gaps severely disrupt the continuity of formation textures, limiting the accuracy of reservoir parameter inversion and compromising the fidelity of geological interpretation. Traditional interpolation techniques, such as kriging and morphological inpainting, often produce blurred edges and introduce artifacts, whereas existing deep learning-based methods that rely on randomly generated training masks frequently fail to align with the actual distribution of image gaps. To overcome these limitations, a high-precision borehole image reconstruction method based on adversarial edge learning is proposed, enabling the accurate restoration of geological structures. The proposed approach includes three core components. The first is a dynamic mask generation strategy that uses non-random lateral translation and longitudinal overlapping cropping to construct geologically representative datasets. The second is a two-stage adversarial EdgeConnect framework constrained by multiple loss functions, including L1 loss, perceptual loss, style loss, and total variation loss, to maintain both local texture fidelity and global structural consistency. The third involves training the reconstruction network using the tailored dataset and deep learning model. Experimental evaluations show that our method outperforms Deep Generative Prior (DGP), Deep Image Prior (DIP), and Generative Multi-column Convolutional Neural Network (GMCNN) in terms of Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), with reduced local reconstruction errors and improved variance explanation. The reconstructed images better preserve fracture morphology and texture continuity, enhancing their geological plausibility. Field applications confirm that the proposed method provides a high-fidelity data foundation for seismic inversion and reservoir modeling, offering substantial value for engineering and interpretation tasks.

Abdul A. Koroma, V. S. Kamara

The long-term geotechnical integrity of Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) in tropical environments is a critical challenge for sustainable mining, requiring a transition from static safety assessments to dynamic, data-driven monitoring. This study presents a comprehensive geotechnical evaluation of the TSF at Marampa Mines Limited (MML), situated within the Rokel-Kasila Belt of Sierra Leone. The research integrates three core components: a detailed subsurface investigation using Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and Cone Penetration Tests (CPTu), numerical slope stability modeling via GEO-5 software, and the implementation of a real-time monitoring network using Vibrating Wire Piezometers (VWPs). Initial field characterization identified the prevalence of "clayey gravel with sand and silty sand" strata, providing the baseline parameters for stability analysis. Numerical results confirmed a robust Factor of Safety (FoS) of 2.08 for the facility’s northern wall. To validate these findings under fluctuating climatic conditions, a network of five VWPs was strategically installed to monitor dynamic porewater pressures. This paper details the rigorous data processing methodologies employed, including temperature and barometric corrections using both linear and second-order polynomial equations. By correlating in-situ shear strength with real-time pressure readings, the study demonstrates how proactive monitoring verifies the operational safety thresholds established during the design phase. This integrated approach provides a replicable framework for the management of critical mining infrastructure in similar tropical geological contexts, ensuring ongoing vigilance and structural integrity throughout the facility’s service life.

V. Pshenichkina, S. Ivanov, V. Drozdov et al.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of raft and piled raft foundations using the case study of a 29-storey building designed for the seismically hazardous area of Grozny. The investigation is based on numerical modelling of the interaction within the “structure–foundation–multilayered soil” system taking into account the actual geotechnical conditions and dynamic properties of soil. Seismic loading is considered as a stationary random process. The analysis investigates the distribution of resonant frequencies of the system, the spectral density of the random acceleration function of the system, and its dynamic amplification factor. Frequency characteristics of the building were obtained using the LIRA-SOFT software package. The evaluation of the dynamic amplification factor was carried out by solving a stochastic problem of wave propagation in a multilayered medium. The results demonstrate that the piled raft foundation reduces the dynamic response of the building. Despite its higher cost, the use of such a foundation is justified in the conditions of increased seismic hazard and weak soils. The obtained findings allow us to recommend a piled raft foundation as the preferred structural solution for high-rise buildings under engineering-geological and seismic conditions similar to those of Grozny.

Zuoying Wei, Hen-Huang Chen, Chao Feng et al.

Abstract The paradox of evolutionary stasis and dynamism—how morphologically static lineages persist through deep geological periods despite environmental fluctuations—remains unresolved in evolutionary biology. Here, we present chromosome-scale genomes for three ecologically divergent species (including both arborescent and nonarborescent growth forms) within Cyatheaceae, an ancient tree fern family characterized by morphological conservation dating back to the Jurassic era. Our results revealed substantial yet cryptically regulated genomic dynamism. A shared Jurassic whole-genome duplication (∼154 Ma) conferred dual adaptive advantages: initially buffering tree ferns against Late Jurassic climatic extremes through retention of stress-response genes, and subsequently facilitating niche diversification and phenotypic innovation via lineage-specific repurposing of duplicate genes. Arborescent lineages preferentially retained duplicates involved in cell wall biogenesis, essential for structural reinforcement and lignification, while nonarborescent forms conserved paralogs linked to metabolic resilience and defense. Alongside slow substitution rates, we detected cryptic genome dynamism mediated primarily by bursts of transposable elements, leading to genome size variations, chromosomal rearrangements, and localized innovation hotspots with elevated evolutionary rates. The concerted expansion and expression of lignification-related genes, coordinated with light signaling components, suggest a potential evolutionary mechanism integrating light perception with shade adaptation and lignification, facilitating arborescent adaptation in angiosperm-dominated understories. Our findings redefine evolutionary stasis as a dynamic equilibrium, sustained by regulatory plasticity and localized genomic innovation within a conserved morphological framework. This study offers a novel genomic perspective on the long-term persistence and evolution of ancient plant lineages, demonstrating how regulated genomic dynamism enables adaptive diversification while sustaining morphological conservatism.

Guilan Lin, Sinan Fang, Manxin Li et al.

Electrical imaging logging technology precisely characterizes the features of the formation on the borehole wall through high-resolution resistivity images. However, the problem of blank strips caused by the mismatch between the instrument pads and the borehole diameter seriously affects the accuracy of fracture identification and formation continuity interpretation in marine oil and gas reservoirs. Existing inpainting methods struggle to reconstruct complex geological textures while maintaining structural continuity, particularly in balancing low-frequency formation morphology with high-frequency fracture details. To address this issue, this paper proposes an inpainting method using a dual-stream network based on the collaborative optimization of wavelet and spatial-channel convolution. By designing a texture-aware data prior algorithm, a high-quality training dataset with geological rationality is generated. A dual-stream encoder–decoder network architecture is adopted, and the wavelet transform convolution (WTConv) module is utilized to enhance the multi-scale perception ability of the generator, achieving a collaborative analysis of the low-frequency formation structure and high-frequency fracture details. Combined with the spatial channel convolution (SCConv) to enhance the feature fusion module, the cross-modal interaction between texture and structural features is optimized through a dynamic gating mechanism. Furthermore, a multi-objective loss function is introduced to constrain the semantic coherence and visual authenticity of image reconstruction. Experiments show that, in the inpainting indexes for Block X in the South China Sea, the mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of this method are 6.893, 0.779, and 19.087, respectively, which are significantly better than the improved filtersim, U-Net, and AOT-GAN methods. The correlation degree of the pixel distribution between the inpainted area and the original image reaches 0.921~0.997, verifying the precise matching of the low-frequency morphology and high-frequency details. In the inpainting of electrical imaging logging images across blocks, the applicability of the method is confirmed, effectively solving the interference of blank strips on the interpretation accuracy of marine oil and gas reservoirs. It provides an intelligent inpainting tool with geological interpretability for the electrical imaging logging interpretation of complex reservoirs, and has important engineering value for improving the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development.

S. Piccinelli, N. Cannone

Periglacial processes and permafrost‐related landforms, such as rock glaciers, are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their reliance on sustained low temperatures to maintain permafrost integrity. Rising temperatures lead to permafrost thawing, increased active layer thickness, and ground instability, which disrupt the structural and ecological stability of these environments. Rock glaciers, which are ubiquitous in high mountain systems, are especially sensitive to these changes and serve as key geo‐indicators of current or past alpine permafrost conditions, reflecting the multifaceted impacts of warming on both ecological and abiotic components. In this review, we synthesize current scientific knowledge on the complex and divergent responses of alpine rock glaciers to climate change, highlighting a wide range of methodologies employed to study the complex interactions between climatic drivers and rock glacier dynamics. We first explore ecological impacts, focusing on how climatic changes influence vegetation patterns, species composition, and overall biodiversity associated with rock glaciers. Subsequently, we examine the dynamic behavior of rock glaciers, including their structural integrity, movement patterns, and hydrological roles within high mountain ecosystems. By integrating findings from various disciplines, this review underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and long‐term monitoring to advance our understanding of rock glacier ecosystem dynamics and their role in periglacial processes under climate change. Our synthesis identifies critical knowledge gaps, such as the uncertain drivers of divergent rock glacier responses and the limited integration of ecological and abiotic data in existing studies. We highlight research priorities, including the establishment of regional monitoring networks and the development of predictive models that incorporate vegetation and permafrost interactions. These insights provide actionable guidance for adaptive management strategies to mitigate the ecological and geological impacts of climate change on these unique and sensitive environments.

Zesen Peng, Yueliang Liu, Hanchi Zheng et al.

CO₂ geological utilization and storage involve complex multiphase interfacial behaviors that significantly influence the overall efficiency. Recently, bio-based materials have attracted increasing attention as promising candidates for interfacial regulation owing to their structural diversity, abundance, and environmental compatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in utilizing biomass-derived materials to regulate interfacial behaviors in subsurface multiphase systems. The relationship between interfacial behaviors and CO₂ utilization and sequestration is discussed under typical scenarios. Molecular structures, functional group characteristics, and environmental compatibility of bio-based materials are systematically reviewed. This article highlights the adsorption behaviors of bio-based molecules at liquid/liquid, solid/liquid, and gas/liquid interfaces, interfacial molecular arrangement and distribution, and spontaneous self-assembly behaviors. Effects of these materials on key interfacial properties including interfacial tension (IFT), wettability, and capillary forces are further analyzed. This study also examines some dynamic interfacial phenomena, such as the formation of multilamellar vesicle structures that accelerate mass transfer between phases, the synergistic interactions between nanoparticles and small biomolecules at solid-liquid interfaces under electrostatic forces, and the role of bio-based materials in promoting CO₂ transfer by providing additional adsorption sites. These insights offer new perspectives for fundamental understanding of interfacial mass transfer. Finally, the review outlines future research trends in studying the regulation of multiphase interfacial behaviors by bio-based materials, emphasizing the need for in situ microscopic characterization techniques to support their efficient application in CO₂ geological utilization and storage.

Luning Xue, Mingliang Tian, Juncheng Zhao

Zharkov, Rafael V.

For the first time in the history of mud volcano research on Sakhalin Island, remote video surveillance methods were used to monitor the activity of Main Pugachev mud volcano (central part of Sakhalin Island) and record its eruption process in the winter. As a result, a unique video footage of the eruption of the Western field of Main Pugachev mud volcano was obtained, allowing to trace the stages of its next activation. The eruption of the mud volcano, recorded on January 15, 2025, began rapidly at 6:15 p.m. (local time), without any noticeable precursors. The main explosions occurred during the first 30 minutes, the intensity of explosions in the first minutes of the eruption was 1–3 seconds, and the height of the mud mass ejections reached 10–12 m. At 6:17 p.m., an explosion in the form of a directed blast was observed; the mud mass was ejected at an angle of approximately 45° to a distance of about 20 m. According to preliminary visual data, this eruption is characterized as typical of Main Pugachev mud volcano. With a mud field diameter of more than 50 m and an average thickness of 0.5–0.7 m, the volume of the mud mass was at least 1000 m3. During the eruption, no activation was observed on other fields of the Pugachev group of mud volcanoes.

Yuji Yagi, Yukitoshi Fukahata, Ryo Okuwaki et al.

M9-class megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones are generally thought to release slip deficits on the plate interface accumulated over centuries. However, the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake (Mw 8.8-8.9) ruptured nearly the same area as the 1952 Mw 9.0 event, as shown by the aftershock distribution. This unusually short recurrence interval challenges conventional seismic-cycle models. Using a cutting-edge source inversion technique, we analyze seismic data to estimate the spatiotemporal slip-rate evolution of the 2025 event. The results show that the 2025 rupture involved fault slips exceeding 9 m across a broad region from southern Kamchatka to the northern Kuril Islands, which is significantly greater than the plate convergence of about 6 m since 1952, matching the large-slip area of the 1952 event. Slip rates in the large-slip area accelerated twice, probably due to dynamic stress perturbations and complex frictional behaviour, and were followed by low-angle normal-faulting aftershocks suggesting dynamic overshoot. The results indicate that the 2025 earthquake released a substantial amount of the slip deficit that had not been released during the 1952 event. Therefore, the residual strains that remain after a great earthqauke and are not considered in current hazard forecasting can lead to shorter recurrence. This finding offers important clues to how great earthquakes release slip deficits and may help develop more physically based long-term forecasts.

Rupam Tamang, Shivraj Gurung, Dibya Prakash Rai et al.

Recently, a new class of magnetic material, termed altermagnets, has caught the attention of the magnetism and spintronics community. The magnetic phenomenon arising from these materials differs from traditional ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. It generally lacks net magnetization and is characterized by unusual non-relativistic spin-splitting and broken time-reversal symmetry. This leads to novel transport properties, such as the anomalous Hall effect, the crystal Nernst effect, and spin-dependent phenomena. Spin-dependent phenomena such as spin currents, spin-splitter torques, and high-frequency dynamics emerge as key characteristics in altermagnets. This paper reviews the main aspects pertaining to altermagnets by providing an overview of theoretical investigations and experimental realizations. We discuss the most recent developments in altermagnetism and prospects for exploiting its unique properties in next-generation devices.

H. Mamman, Yusuf Al-Ansari, Abdulmajeed Alkhayat

Drilling in clastic reservoirs in Middle East presents significant challenges, including variable formation dips, fluctuating layer thicknesses, and complex geological structures. This study demonstrates the integration of Deep Azimuthal Resistivity, Ultra-High Definition (UHD) Inversion Technology, and Wired Pipe Technology to enhance well placement, mitigate drilling risks, and optimize reservoir management. UHD Inversion Technology processes multi-frequency resistivity measurements in real time, producing high-resolution subsurface images. This advanced imaging enhances geological boundary detection, improves structural interpretation, and enables proactive trajectory adjustments, ensuring optimal wellbore placement in complex formations. The operation targeted a structurally complex clastic reservoir with significant variability. Deep Azimuthal Resistivity provided continuous resistivity measurements, enhancing geological boundary detection and wellbore navigation. UHD Inversion Technology processed real-time resistivity data into high-definition subsurface images, allowing continuous reservoir mapping and precise trajectory adjustments. Wired Pipe Technology enabled high-speed data transmission, ensuring seamless integration of resistivity and inversion data for immediate decision-making. This combination of technologies allowed for dynamic geosteering, reducing uncertainty, and improving operational efficiency in challenging formations. The integration of these advanced technologies significantly improved well placement and operational efficiency: Deep Azimuthal Resistivity enabled precise detection of geological boundaries, allowing for accurate trajectory corrections and optimal reservoir contact. This minimized the risk of exiting the target zone and enhanced reservoir exposure. UHD Inversion Technology provided continuous, high-resolution subsurface imaging, revealing intricate formation details and structural variations. This allowed for real-time adjustments, ensuring the well remained within the most productive intervals. Wired Pipe Technology facilitated rapid data transmission, eliminating delays associated with conventional telemetry. This ensured real-time collaboration between subsurface experts and drilling teams, leading to faster, more informed geosteering decisions. By leveraging these technologies, the well achieved 100% net-to-gross ratio, maximizing hydrocarbon recovery while minimizing drilling risks. This case study highlights the effective use of Deep Azimuthal Resistivity, UHD Inversion Technology, and Wired Pipe Technology for precise well placement in clastic reservoirs. The seamless real-time data flow provided by these technologies set a new benchmark for geosteering precision and operational efficiency in complex geological environments.

Boni Swadesi, A. Zayd, Aris Buntoro et al.

The increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial and energy activities have driven the development of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology as a key solution for climate change mitigation. Among various geological storage options, saline aquifers offer significant advantages due to their large storage capacity, wide distribution, independence from hydrocarbon value, and stable geological and geochemical conditions. The “AZ” Field, located near a power plant emitting 2.2 million tons of CO2 annually, was selected as the study site for CO2 storage. This study aims to analyze the trapping mechanisms and optimize the CO2 storage capacity (storativity) using a fully implicit integrated modeling approach. The methodology involves building a static and dynamic model of the Johansen Formation saline aquifer, and integrating well and surface facility models using the well designer and network designer features in tNavigator. A 140-year simulation was conducted, comprising 40 years of injection and 100 years of post-injection period. Simulation results show that the “AZ” Field can store up to 83.9 Mt of CO2, predominantly through solubility/residual trapping mechanisms, in addition to structural trapping. No leakage was observed to the surface, indicating that caprock integrity remained intact throughout the simulation period. The fully implicit integrated modeling approach effectively captured the dynamic interactions between the reservoir, wells, and surface facilities, supporting the feasibility of the “AZ” Field as a safe and sustainable CO2 storage site.

Volodymyr Kripak, Vira Koliakova, H. Shpakova

In today's conditions, the development of underground space can rightly be considered one of the most important and dynamic directions in civil and industrial construction at the worldlevel. In Ukraine, underground construction is important in connection with Russia's aggressive war. Underground and buried structures are most actively built in large cities and megacities. The main reasons for the need to use underground space in cities include the lack of free territories within historically formed buildings and requirements for urban infrastructure development. Today, the underground space is used not onlyfor the placement of engineering communicationsand transport facilities, but also for the construction of public complexes, multi-story underground garages and parking lots, shopping centers, as well asburied parts of residential and office buildings. Structural solutions for underground and buried structures, as well as their construction methods, depend on spatial planning solutions, purpose, depth of laying, engineering-geological, climatic and seismic construction conditions, surface loads, and the proximity of other buildings and buildings. Today, the maximum depth of pits designed inurban conditions usually do not exceed 25-30 m, and the number of underground floors is five to six. Given the growing demand for underground space, especially in densely populated areas, designers and engineers face a number of challengesthat require innovative approaches and modern technologies. This includes the use of the latest methods of geotechnical modeling, the use of highquality materials that ensure the durability and safety of structures, and the implementation of effective water drainage and waterproofing systems. Particular attention should be paid to safety issues during the construction and operation of underground structures, as they may be exposed to natural and man-made factors, such as groundwater, soil movement, and seismic activity. An important aspect is also the provision of comfortable conditions for people using underground facilities, which includes ventilation, lighting and evacuation routes. Scientific research and the experience of international projects demonstrate that the correct use of underground space can significantly increase the efficiency of the use of urban areas, contribute to the steady development of cities and improve the quality of life of their residents. Investments in underground construction are becoming more and more justified in view of the long-term benefits and theneed to adapt to the conditions of the modern urban environment. In general, underground construction is an important direction that has significant potential for development and improvement in the future, responding to the challenges of time and contributing to the development of modern infrastructure.

Amichai Mitelman

This paper explores the use of machine learning (ML) to analyze borehole data aiming to enhance geotechnical insights, using the Gaza Strip as a case study. The data set consists of 632 boreholes, with features including spatial coordinates, ground level, and soil type per depth. A random forest (RF) classification model was applied to predict soil types, achieving an accuracy of approximately 75%. Notably, the model retained this accuracy even when the data set size was reduced to 30%, suggesting predictable subsurface conditions over large areas. A comparative analysis of common misclassifications revealed that errors mostly occurred between similar soil types, indicating the model’s ability to capture meaningful geological patterns. Unsupervised learning using k-means clustering revealed no clear-cut boundaries between clusters, indicating localized geological anomalies despite large-scale predictability. These findings align with the demonstrated stability of the Gaza Tunnel Network (GTN), a vast network of tunnels which was constructed without comprehensive site investigations. This study demonstrates the potential of ML to improve geotechnical assessments and suggests that fewer boreholes may be needed for large-scale projects, offering cost-saving opportunities. For future research, it is recommended to integrate advanced ML tools, including large language models (LLMs) for analyzing qualitative data from borehole logs, and interpretability methods to enhance model explainability, thus enhancing geological understanding and increasing predictive power.

Joy Ayankop Oke, Hossam Abuel-Naga

This paper presents a comprehensive study in which non-destructive testing utilizing ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), considering both pressure (P) waves and shear (S) waves, was used to assess the compressive strength (CS) of rubberized bricks. These innovative bricks were manufactured by blending lime kiln dust (LKD) waste with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), sand, and fine waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR). This study introduces mathematical models to explain the relationships between the results of destructive tests (DTs), specifically compression strength (CS) tests, and non-destructive tests (NDTs) employing UPV. These models were subsequently used to conduct validation exercises to accurately predict the strength of the rubberized bricks produced. The outcomes of the validation tests underscore the effectiveness of the UPV method in predicting the CS of rubberized eco-friendly bricks produced using an LKD-GGBFS blend. Importantly, the prediction using the power model exhibited minimal errors, confirming the utility of the UPV method as a reliable tool for assessing the compressive strength of such sustainable construction materials. This research contributes to advancing the field of eco-friendly construction materials and highlights the practical applicability of non-destructive ultrasonic testing in assessing their structural properties.

C. D. Wells, C. D. Wells, L. S. Jackson et al.

<p>The regional climate impacts of hypothetical future emissions scenarios can be estimated by combining Earth system model simulations with a linear pattern scaling model such as MESMER (Modular Earth System Model Emulator with spatially Resolved output), which uses estimated patterns of the local response per degree of global temperature change. Here we use the mean trend component of MESMER to emulate the regional pattern of the surface temperature response based on historical single-forcer and future Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) simulations. Errors in the emulations for selected target scenarios (SSP1–1.9, SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) are decomposed into two components, namely (1) the differences in scaling patterns between scenarios as a consequence of varying combinations of external forcings and (2) the intrinsic time series differences between the local and global responses in the target scenario. The time series error is relatively small for high-emissions scenarios, contributing around 20 % of the total error, but is similar in magnitude to the pattern error for lower-emissions scenarios. This irreducible time series error limits the efficacy of linear pattern scaling for emulating strong mitigation pathways and reduces the dependence on the predictor pattern used. The results help guide the choice of predictor scenarios for simple climate models and where to target for the introduction of other dependent variables beyond global surface temperature into pattern scaling models.</p>

J. E. Kendrick, J. E. Kendrick, A. Lamur et al.

<p>The strength and rupture of geomaterials are integral to subsurface engineering practices, such as those required to optimise geothermal energy extraction. Of particular importance is the time- and strain-rate-dependence of material strength, which dictates the energy released upon failure, and impacts the magnitude of induced seismicity, fracture architecture and thus hydraulic conductivity and system permeability. Here, we performed a series of uniaxial compression and Brazilian tensile strength measurements at a range of deformation rates in order to constrain the impact of strain rate on the strength of G603 granite. The dense, low permeability, medium-grained granites were mechanically tested at 4 strain rates (or diametric equivalent strain rates in the case of Brazilian tests) from 10<span class="inline-formula">⁻⁵</span> to 10<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span> s<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, such that sample failure was achieved in anything from below 1s at the fastest rate in tension, to over 1000s at the slowest rate in compression. The applied rates encompassed those recommended by ISRM and ASTM material testing standards for compressive and Brazilian tensile testing. We found a significant rate strengthening effect, whereby compressive and tensile strength both increased by approximately 35 % across the 4 orders of magnitude of strain rate tested. We found that the static Young's modulus remained relatively constant across this range of deformation rates, however variability was reduced at faster rates, owing to the reduced time for equilibration of the system to imposed stresses. The lower strength at slower strain rates causes smaller stress drops, indicating that rocks driven to compressive and tensile failure at slower rates release less energy upon failure. Such constraints of the strain-rate-dependence of material strength, in contrast to the use of standardised material characteristics conventionally used in Engineering Geology applications, will prove useful as we develop increasingly sophisticated strategies such as cyclic soft stimulation to access resources using less energy, whilst reducing environmental risk and producing less waste.</p>

M. Mikschi, J. Böhm, M. Schartner et al.

<p>The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) is currently setting up a network of smaller and thus faster radio telescopes observing at broader bandwidths for improved determination of geodetic parameters. However, this new VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) network is not yet strongly linked to the legacy S/X network and the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) as only station WESTFORD has ITRF2014 coordinates. In this work, we calculated VGOS station coordinates based on publicly available VGOS sessions until the end of 2019 while defining the geodetic datum by fixing the Earth orientation parameters and the coordinates of the WESTFORD station in an unconstrained adjustment. This set of new coordinates allows the determination of geodetic parameters from the analysis of VGOS sessions, which would otherwise not be possible. As it is the concept of VGOS to use smaller, faster slewing antennas in order to increase the number of observations, shorter estimation intervals for the zenith wet delays and the tropospheric gradients along with different relative constraints were tested and the best performing parametrization, judged by the baseline length repeatability, was used for the estimation of the VGOS station coordinates.</p>

A. Lovchikov

In mining technical literature, the prevailing idea is still that rockbursts in open pits and underground mines are caused by gravitational forces produced by the overburden rock mass, put forward in the 20th century by S.G. Avershin and I.M. Petukhov. This concept is the basis for the rules of safe mining at rockburst-hazardous deposits, including modern guidance documents of Rostekhnadzor. Numerous studies of the behavior of a rock mass as a geological medium, the phenomena causing rockbursts in underground workings, the mechanisms of manifestation of rockbursts and rock-tectonic bursts change many ideas. They have now become urgently needed to explain the causes of particularly powerful geodynamic phenomena in mines - rock-tectonic bursts, technogenic earthquakes - phenomena that were practically not observed in the 20th century. Intense geodynamic events in mines (rock-tectonic bursts, technogenic earthquakes), comparable in energy level to natural earthquakes, have once again shown their analogy with natural earthquakes to be studied by seismology. M.A. Sadovsky et al. established the law of self-similarity of seismic process at different scale levels. Based on this law, the relationships established for seismic focuses proved to be applicable to dynamic manifestations of rock pressure at mines. In this paper, further details of this analogy are developed. It shows which forms of dynamic manifestations of rock pressure correspond to which sizes of structural heterogeneity of rock mass. Based on the law of self-similarity of seismic processes at different scale levels, we showed that the energy characteristics of the rock pressure manifestations at mines obey the laws established in seismology.