Hasil untuk "Commercial geography. Economic geography"

Alexander Master, Jaclyn Fox, Nicolas Starck et al.

Despite current security implementations, Internet activity on DoD networks is susceptible to web trackers and commercial data collection, which have the potential to expose information about service members and unit operations. This report documents the outcomes of a study to characterize web tracking occurring on Army CONUS unclassified networks. We derived a dataset from the Cloud-Based Internet Isolation (CBII) platform, encompassing data measured over a two-month period in 2024. This dataset comprised the 1,000 most frequently accessed Internet resources, determined by the number of connection requests on CONUS DoDIN-A during the study period. We then compared all domains and subdomains in the dataset against Ghostery's WhoTracks.me, an open-source database of commercial tracking entities. We found that over 21% of the domains accessed during the study period were Internet trackers. The ACI recommends that the Army implement changes to its enterprise networks to limit commercial Internet-based tracking, as well as policy changes towards the same end. With relatively minor configuration changes, CBII can serve as a more effective mitigation against risks posed by commercially available information.

NICULA ELENA VIOLETA, DRĂGAN NICOLETA ȘTEFANIA

Population health in Romania is shaped by complex epidemiological dynamics resulting from demographic change, the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, and persistent social and territorial inequalities. Despite gradual improvements in life expectancy over the past two decades, Romania continues to lag behind the European Union average, particularly due to high levels of preventable and treatable mortality. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of recent population health trends in Romania, using quantitative indicators from Eurostat, the World Health Organization, and the National Institute for Public Health.The analysis focuses on mortality and morbidity patterns, regional disparities, and key socio-economic and behavioral determinants of health. Special attention is given to territorial inequalities in healthcare access and infrastructure, as well as to the role of lifestyle related risk factors. By integrating empirical data with insights from recent literature, the paper highlights the main structural and institutional challenges affecting population health outcomes in Romania. The findings underline the need for strengthened preventive healthcare, targeted public health interventions, and policies aimed at reducing social and regional health inequalities. The study contributes to the existing literature by offering an updated, indicator-based overview of population health dynamics in Romania and by outlining key directions for improving health equity and overall population health performance.

Heny Hendrayati, Frederic Marimon, Wu-Yuin Hwang et al.

Abstract As a country with high numbers of female entrepreneurs, Indonesia acknowledges that entrepreneurial orientation and marketing orientation are two critical factors that can influence the market performance of a business. This research explores the impact of these two orientations on market performance. To add contribution to this line of research, we incorporate value creation and customer relationship management as mediating variables in their relationship with market performance of MSMEs in West Java, Indonesia. Our questionnaire was distributed to 200 female MSME owners in West Java, Indonesia. We analyzed the data using path analysis with LISREL as an assisting tool. The result suggests that firms with high levels of entrepreneurial orientation tend to achieve superior market performance due to their willingness to take risks and seize new opportunities. Entrepreneurial firms are often more innovative and quick to respond to changes in the market, giving them a competitive advantage over their rivals. Firms that are market-oriented focus on understanding and meeting the needs of their customers, which can lead to higher sales and profitability in the long run.

IANCU CORINA, JIANU ELENA , ANTONIU ELIZA MARIA et al.

This article analyzes the economic impact and strategic challenges of introducing artificial intelligence in military warehouse management. While automation is already widespread in civilian logistics, in the military sector - especially in Eastern Europe - the transition to digitized systems is still in its infancy. The study shows that AI-based technologies can significantly reduce operational costs, improve inventory accuracy and increase responsiveness through predictive analytics and real-time data. The analysis is based on NATO standards (such as STANAG 2454 and AJP-4), theoretical models from economic literature and concrete examples from France, Germany and the United States. The results show that warehouse automation brings clear benefits: less staff required, faster stock turnover and lower logistics losses. However, achieving these benefits requires large initial investments, cyber security measures and staff training programs. Comparing the current state of military logistics in Romania with models implemented in NATO member countries, the article argues the urgent need for modernization through digitalization. The conclusion is clear: the adoption of artificial intelligence in military warehouses not only optimizes logistics, but also strengthens interoperability and responsiveness within allied structures.

Hikari Yanagawa, Yuichi Hiroi, Satomi Tokida et al.

While commercial metaverse platforms offer diverse user-generated content, they lack effective navigation assistance that can dynamically adapt to users' interests and intentions. Although previous research has investigated on-demand agents in controlled environments, implementation in commercial settings with diverse world configurations and platform constraints remains challenging. We present Navigation Pixie, an on-demand navigation agent employing a loosely coupled architecture that integrates structured spatial metadata with LLM-based natural language processing while minimizing platform dependencies, which enables experiments on the extensive user base of commercial metaverse platforms. Our cross-platform experiments on commercial metaverse platform Cluster with 99 PC client and 94 VR-HMD participants demonstrated that Navigation Pixie significantly increased dwell time and free exploration compared to fixed-route and no-agent conditions across both platforms. Subjective evaluations revealed consistent on-demand preferences in PC environments versus context-dependent social perception advantages in VR-HMD. This research contributes to advancing VR interaction design through conversational spatial navigation agents, establishes cross-platform evaluation methodologies revealing environment-dependent effectiveness, and demonstrates empirical experimentation frameworks for commercial metaverse platforms.

Hugo Spring-Ragain

This paper introduces the concept of an economic action constant, denoted ___ E , as a structural analogue to Planck's reduced constant ___ in quantum mechanics. Building on canonical quantization, we define ___ E as the fundamental scale of irreducible uncertainty in macroeconomic dynamics through non-commuting observables ( X, PX ), derive uncertainty relations and a semi-classical limit, and study spectral properties under a double-well economic potential. Numerical simulations show that ___ E governs regime transitions between deterministic, probabilistic, and highly unstable dynamics, with topological changes in phase-space and bifurcations emerging under harmonic modulation of ___ E . We propose a systemic economic interpretation linking the magnitude of ___ E to expectation coordination, institutional stability, and structural volatility, and provide historical analogies (post-war reconstruction, speculative bubbles, systemic crises). We finally outline an empirical strategy to estimate ___ E from macro time series and agent-based simulations, opening a path toward a taxonomy of economic regimes under radical uncertainty.

Chengyue Dong, Mansur M. Arief

With increasing demands for fuel efficiency and operational adaptability in commercial aviation}, this paper provides a systematic review and classification of morphing wing technologies, analyzing their aerodynamic performance characteristics and atmospheric condition adaptability. We first develop a comprehensive classification framework for morphing wing designs based on their scale of morphing, actuation mechanisms, and intended purposes. Through analysis of historical developments and current implementations, we evaluate two significant case studies: the Mission Adaptive Compliant Wing (MACW) and Adaptive Aspect Ratio (AdAR) morphing wing, demonstrating performance improvements of up to 25% in drag reduction and 40% in control authority. Our investigation reveals critical trade-offs between full-span and partial morphing approaches, particularly regarding implementation complexity, certification requirements, and operational reliability. The study concludes with an assessment of technical barriers and opportunities, providing specific recommendations for advancing morphing wing technology in commercial aviation applications. Key findings indicate that while material science and control system advances enable practical implementation, certification pathways and maintenance considerations remain critical challenges for widespread adoption.

Niraj Kushwaha, Woi Sok Oh, Shlok Shah et al.

Are big conflicts different from small or medium size conflicts? To answer this question, we leverage fine-grained conflict data, which we map to climate, geography, infrastructure, economics, raw demographics, and demographic composition in Africa. With an unsupervised learning model, we find three overarching conflict types representing ``major unrest,'' ``local conflict,'' and ``sporadic and spillover events.'' Major unrest predominantly propagates around densely populated areas with well-developed infrastructure and flat, riparian geography. Local conflicts are in regions of median population density, are diverse socio-economically and geographically, and are often confined within country borders. Finally, sporadic and spillover conflicts remain small, often in low population density areas, with little infrastructure and poor economic conditions. The three types stratify into a hierarchy of factors that highlights population, infrastructure, economics, and geography, respectively, as the most discriminative indicators. Specifying conflict type negatively impacts the predictability of conflict intensity such as fatalities, conflict duration, and other measures of conflict size. The competitive effect is a general consequence of weak statistical dependence. Hence, we develop an empirical and bottom-up methodology to identify conflict types, knowledge of which can hurt predictability and cautions us about the limited utility of commonly available indicators.

N. S. Gonchar

The state of economic theory and accumulated facts from the different branches of the economic science require to analyze the concept of the description of economy systems. The economic reality generates the problems the solution of that is only possible by a new paradigm of the description of economy system. The classical mathematical economics is based on a notion of the rational consumer choice generated by a certain preference relation on some set of goods a consumer wanted and the concept of maximization of the firm profit. The sense of the notion of the ratio- nal consumer choice is that it is determined by a certain utility function, defining the choice of a consumer by maximization of it on a certain budget set of goods. More- over, choices of consumers are independent. In the reality choices of consumers are not independent because they depend on the firms supply. Except the firms supply, the consumer choice is also determined by information about the state of the economy system that the consumer has and respectively eval- uates at the moment of the choice. In turn, the firms supply is made on the basis of needs of the consumers and their buying power. By information about the state of the economy system we understand a certain information about the equilibrium price vector and productive processes realized in the economy system under the equilibrium price vector.

Meredith P. Martin, D. Woodbury, Danica A. Doroski et al.

Abstract Tree planting is both a promising and controversial solution to climate change and biodiversity loss. However, this controversy is largely theoretical because we lack detailed information of how tree planting is proceeding on-the-ground. Here, we compiled a pantropical dataset of 174 tree planting organizations to determine the type of organizations involved in tree planting, their geographic locations and tree planting approaches. We found that the number of organizations have increased by 288% in the past 30 years, especially for-profit organizations. These organizations reported planting nearly 1.4 billion trees across 74 countries since 1961. Most frequently organizations reported establishing agroforestry systems or mixed species and single species plantations or using assisted natural regeneration, suggesting that tree planting programs are designed to support local communities as well as environmental objectives. Moreover, the most frequently reported species were commercial or utilitarian, with the top five including cacao, teak, moringa, mango and coffee. Finally, despite widespread efforts to plant more trees, there was a pronounced lack of monitoring on websites and in reports; only 18% of organizations mention monitoring at all, and only 5% mention measuring survival rate of plantings. Greater transparency and greater communication are needed between planting organizations and researchers to apply the most effective ways to restore forest cover. Further, while organizations often aimed to counter environmental problems, the use of the same sets of commercially useful species to meet economic development goals across the global indicates a need for greater coordination among organizations to avoid biotic homogenization.

DOBRE-BARON OANA , NIȚESCU ALINA

The circular economy marks a significant evolution in the global approach to production, consumption, and waste management. Furthermore, its core principles have become increasingly critical as their implementation has increased by leading actors of the transition to the green economy, and especially within business activities. This study provides researchers and practitioners a qualitative analysis of the new circular economy principles adopted by companies, and in particular by multinational corporations, also included in their strategies and business models.

Bechir Nawar, Alessandra Scardigno, Juan Antonio Sagardoy

Treated wastewater reuse is a valuable water source in water scarcity conditions. If its technical feasibility is largely demonstrated, less attention is paid to the economic assessment. By applying an ex-post Cost-Benefit Analysis to Ouardanine irrigation district, in eastern Tunisia, the economic feasibility of wastewater treatment and reuse in irrigation was assessed. Data on costs and benefits were evaluated throughout the lifespan of the project and four scenarios - no treatment, treatment, treatment with reuse, and treatment with reuse without considering the environmental benefits - were considered. The results prove that: the project is economically profitable for all scenarios except the first; it is still profitable with an increase in costs or a decrease of benefits up to 30%; farmers are the main beneficiaries of the project which is financially not viable for both the treatment plant company and the public body charged of the distribution of water; the affordability of the treated wastewater price depends on the cropping pattern: with increased water pricing peach growers will still have substantial benefit while olive growers will reduce significantly their benefits.

DURA CODRUȚA CORNELIA

There is growing concern that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) may not be achieved within the proposed timeline, partly due to the insufficient focus on the sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs play a pivotal role in the global economy but are often overlooked in sustainability initiatives. To address this gap, this study conducted a systematic literature review to map existing research on SMEs sustainable development. The PRISMA framework was adopted for this study. Scopus was utilized to identify relevant literature, covering a 10-year period from 2015 to 2024. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel for descriptive analysis and SPSS (version 25) for literature classification. The review revealed a growing interest in SMEs sustainability, with research in this area gradually increasing. The study identified seven primary drivers of SMEs' sustainable development: societal influence, regulatory pressure, sustainable finance, corporate culture, cost savings, digitalization, and bricolage.

Félix do Carmo, Diptesh Kanojia

The tutorial describes the concept of edit distances applied to research and commercial contexts. We use Translation Edit Rate (TER), Levenshtein, Damerau-Levenshtein, Longest Common Subsequence and $n$-gram distances to demonstrate the frailty of statistical metrics when comparing text sequences. Our discussion disassembles them into their essential components. We discuss the centrality of four editing actions: insert, delete, replace and move words, and show their implementations in openly available packages and toolkits. The application of edit distances in downstream tasks often assumes that these accurately represent work done by post-editors and real errors that need to be corrected in MT output. We discuss how imperfect edit distances are in capturing the details of this error correction work and the implications for researchers and for commercial applications, of these uses of edit distances. In terms of commercial applications, we discuss their integration in computer-assisted translation tools and how the perception of the connection between edit distances and post-editor effort affects the definition of translator rates.

Sergei Masaev

The activity of a special economic zone is defined by a dynamic equation, taking into account the individual strategies of residents. At a given point in time, in respect to the resident enterprise of a special economic zone, a regime is introduced that limits the flow of resources by 80% (sanctions), forming an integral indicator for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of sanctions on the enterprise. On the basis of the dynamic equation, an estimate of the economic damage for the potential SEZ of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is given.

Rebecca Britain

The outline of the tipi symbolizes community connectedness and a place of warmth, security, wellness, and sacred tradition and value. Inside the tipi, two individual vines intertwine: one representing corporate Canada and the government, and the other representing Indigenous peoples. The intertwining vines embody reconciliation between these two groups through acceptance, balance, understanding, and engagement. Both vines show a similar level of support, highlighting that Indigenous peoples are equally capable, powerful, knowledgeable, and hard-working as mainstream society. Together, through reconciliation, we can contribute greatly to the Canadian economy through our history, land, and resources. That’s why I chose to have the intertwined vines holding up the Earth (economy). The “Turtle Island” landmass on the Earth acknowledges the land of Indigenous peoples, affirming our equal right to be involved in shaping the economy. With a call to action, we can make it happen and increase opportunities for ourselves in the process. The image represents the vision of economic reconciliation, with the value of this vision held within the tipi. Through the intertwined vines and acknowledgment of Turtle Island, the image conveys the message that Indigenous peoples have an equal right to shape the Canadian economy. By taking action, we can make this vision a reality and increase opportunities for ourselves.

Bedis BOURABIA , Miloud LARBI BENHADJAR

This study examines how digitization has influenced the supervisory role of the Ministry of Pharmaceutical Industry in promoting social responsibility among economic operators. We employed a descriptive approach and conducted interviews as the primary method of data collection. The study reviews the advantages and the challenges associated with digitization. The ministry's digitization initiatives have led to a modernization of its administrative procedures, resulting in a radical transformation of licensing, registration, quality control, inspections, and monitoring of pharmaceutical products. Additionally, digitization has brought changes in regulatory and oversight aspects, enabling the enhancement of adherence to social responsibility standards. However, challenges related to privacy, data security, interoperability with pharmaceutical companies, and the transition to digital processes have emerged. This study enhances the understanding of digitization in the Ministry of the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Stefan Vržina, Nemanja Karapavlović, Dragomir Dimitrijević

Andrii Babii, Eric Ghysels, Jonas Striaukas

This paper surveys the recent advances in machine learning method for economic forecasting. The survey covers the following topics: nowcasting, textual data, panel and tensor data, high-dimensional Granger causality tests, time series cross-validation, classification with economic losses.

Mekonnen Hailu

This study aimed to assess household dietary diversity and associated factors among residents in major tef growing areas of Central Ethiopia. Data were collected from 240 randomly selected rural households from Minjar Shenkora and Ada’a woredas of Central Ethiopia. The ordered probit model was used to identify the associated factors of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Only 30% of the total respondents, as evidenced by their consumption of seven or more different food groups during the previous 24 hours, had high dietary diversity. More than 70% of households were found with inadequate dietary diversity. Results further indicated that several factors associated with household dietary diversity, including household size, livestock ownership, credit availability, off-farm activity, and market distance. Therefore, local institutions and regional governments ought to give households access to education so they may increase their understanding of the health and nutritional advantages of a varied diet, as well as promote and encourage the availability of home gardening strategies, expand access to agricultural technologies, and thus diversify rural households’ diets. Market infrastructure should be enhanced to facilitate household access to markets, which could help improve dietary diversity.