Hasil untuk "City planning"

Masahiko Todoriki

Urban snow management systems are typically treated as logistical operations to remove and dispose of excess snow. However, the Sapporo Glacier concept reframes municipal snow management within a cryospheric systems framework, transforming urban snow accumulation into a controlled cryospheric process that interacts with climate and urban energy systems. This paper presents a hypothesis-driven scoping concept, the Sapporo Glacier, as a conceptual framework for Urban Cryosphere Engineering, which seeks to design and control the long-term storage, insulation, and metamorphism of urban snow using bounded, first-order physical reasoning rather than site-calibrated performance prediction to create a glacier possessing glacier ice (as classically defined) and measurable flow. Using Sapporo City’s existing snow-depot infrastructure as a reference model, the framework integrates physical modeling (degree-day method and simplified energy-balance considerations), surface control through organic mulch, and seasonal monitoring to delineate feasible design regimes for optimizing the thermal state of accumulated snow. Beyond technical feasibility, it emphasizes socio-environmental integration, envisioning snow storage as both a climate-adaptive infrastructure and a cultural landscape that connects citizens to seasonal cycles. Importantly, meltwater released from such an urban glacier during summer may generate a localized, testable nearshore thermal signal, enabling empirical evaluation of coastal cryosphere–ocean interactions. This hypothesis-driven, conceptual approach aims to establish an interdisciplinary foundation for future empirical studies and design experiments, rather than to deliver predictive site-specific outcomes, toward the realization of urban glaciers as sustainable and ecological elements of city life.

Matias Quintana, Fangqi Liu, Jussi Torkko et al.

Quantifying and assessing urban greenery is consequential for planning and development, reflecting the everlasting importance of green spaces for multiple climate and well-being dimensions of cities. Evaluation can be broadly grouped into objective (e.g., measuring the amount of greenery) and subjective (e.g., polling the perception of people) approaches, which may differ -- what people see and feel about how green a place is might not match the measurements of the actual amount of vegetation. In this work, we advance the state of the art by measuring such differences and explaining them through human, geographic, and spatial dimensions. The experiments rely on contextual information extracted from street view imagery and a comprehensive urban visual perception survey collected from 1,000 people across five countries with their extensive demographic and personality information. We analyze the discrepancies between objective measures (e.g., Green View Index (GVI)) and subjective scores (e.g., pairwise ratings), examining whether they can be explained by a variety of human and visual factors such as age group and spatial variation of greenery in the scene. The findings reveal that such discrepancies are comparable around the world and that demographics and personality do not play a significant role in perception. Further, while perceived and measured greenery correlate consistently across geographies (both where people and where imagery are from), where people live plays a significant role in explaining perceptual differences, with these two, as the top among seven, features that influences perceived greenery the most. This location influence suggests that cultural, environmental, and experiential factors substantially shape how individuals observe greenery in cities.

Paul Gölz, Jan Maly, Ulrike Schmidt-Kraepelin et al.

In citizens' assemblies, a group of constituents is randomly selected to weigh in on policy issues. We study a two-stage sampling problem faced by practitioners in countries such as Germany, in which constituents' contact information is stored at a municipal level. As a result, practitioners can only select constituents from a bounded number of cities ex post, while ensuring equal selection probability for constituents ex ante. We develop several algorithms for this problem. Although minimizing the number of contacted cities is NP-hard, we provide a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm and an additive 1-approximation, both based on separation oracles for a linear programming formulation. Recognizing that practical objectives go beyond minimizing city count, we further introduce a simple and more interpretable greedy algorithm, which additionally satisfies an ex-post monotonicity property and achieves an additive 2-approximation. Finally, we explore a notion of ex-post proportionality, for which we propose two practical algorithms: an optimal algorithm based on column generation and integer linear programming and a simple heuristic creating particularly transparent distributions. We evaluate these algorithms on data from Germany, and plan to deploy them in cooperation with a leading nonprofit organization in this space.

Foluke Oladunni Jegede, Chiagozie Mitchelle Enwonwu

The success of any architectural space depends on how users perceive and experience it, particularly in arts and cultural centres, which serve as hubs for cultural expression, engagement, and tourism. These centres must reflect local architectural identity to ensure long-term cultural relevance and contribute meaningfully to sustainability goals. This study examines users’ perceptions of the benefits of neo-vernacular architecture in selected arts and cultural centres in Lagos, addressing a gap in comparative evaluations through a quantitative analysis of perceived contributions to cultural, environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Out of 120 distributed questionnaires, 110 valid responses were collected across three centres: John Randle Centre, Terra Kulture, and KAP Hub. Data analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and descriptive statistics revealed that while users generally perceive neo-vernacular architecture as beneficial across cultural, economic, environmental and social dimensions, variation exists in how these benefits are expressed across contexts. The findings highlight the need to align traditional architectural expression with sustainability, with future research incorporating objective performance metrics to complement perception-based insights.

Liliya E. Ziganshina, Aizyara F. Garaeva, Liliya I. Talipova et al.

Numerous cities in the Russian Federation have joined the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Network for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities since 2011. In order to do quantitative evaluations of the age-friendliness of cities, the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire (AFCCQ) was developed in the Netherlands. The purpose of this study was to translate and test the validity and reliability of the AFCCQ for use in the Russian Federation, and to study the views on the age-friendliness of the city of Kazan in the Republic of Tatarstan from an intergenerational perspective. Data were collected in a survey. In total, 208 people from various age cohorts met the inclusion criteria to assess the psychometric validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure with nine factors. Overall, the people in Kazan experience the age-friendliness of their city as positive. The youngest and oldest generations demonstrated the most positive scores. Only for the domain of respect and social inclusion results were reversed. The Russian language version of the AFCCQ proved a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate age-friendliness of cities and communities in Russia. Data gathered through the instrument can be used as input for planning, implementing and further monitoring of age-friendly initiatives in the country.

Setsuko Onoda

Abstract Vulnerability in disaster contexts involves two key issues: firstly, post-disaster recovery is often seen as an opportunity not only to rebuild damaged systems and restore communities to their pre-disaster state but also to improve components and conditions to create more resilient social systems. Secondly, reconstructing the environment, landscape, and infrastructure exactly as they were before the disaster often reinstates the same vulnerabilities that existed previously. From a homeostasis perspective, vulnerabilities can be categorised into two types: those resulting from inaction and the accumulation of difficulties over time, and those triggered by sudden impacts such as natural disasters. If we view vulnerabilities as part of the regional complementary process, they can serve as multi-faceted political vectors for reform. To achieve genuine recovery, it is essential to adopt homeostasis as a guiding principle for political reform, eliminating institutionalised discrimination and fostering diverse, adaptive mechanisms within regional systems.

Lestari Eko Wahyudi, Laily Akbariah, Durratun Nashihah

The implementation of scenario planning approaches provides essential tools for local governments and stakeholders to manage uncertainty and risk, ensuring that development decisions are based on relevant and accurate information. This study aims to optimize the Regional Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPD) through a scenario planning approach. This approach allows for the formulation of multiple alternative scenarios that encompass various future conditions and the evaluation of their impacts on development goals. The study employs quantitative analysis with secondary data from the RPJPD of districts/cities in East Java Province. The findings indicated that although the RPJP and RPJPD documents are flexible and can change according to conditions, they still possess significant potential to enhance local planning capacity. This condition reflects variations in performance achievement among districts/cities in East Java, with Probolinggo Regency and Probolinggo City demonstrating the best performance, while Gresik Regency and Sampang Regency ranked the lowest. Time-series analysis revealed that performance achievements on several indicators remain low, particularly regarding access to improving quality of life. This study underscores the importance of continuous evaluation and adjustment of development plans to achieve desired outcomes. It is hoped that this study will contribute significantly to improving the quality of regional development planning documents and assist local governments in achieving established development goals.

Luca Diotallevi

The aim of the paper is to deal with the question of the form of Catholic places of worship in the current secularization process phase, and with special reference to the Italian case and once assumed a sociological perspective. First of all, the relevance of the artifacts for the sociological understanding of secularization will be highlighted. The next step will be dedicated to the reciprocal and very important relationships between the form of the place of worship and the type of social order. These relationships will be illustrated by focusing on the relationship between the religious dimension of Catholicism and some different variants of secularization. Having elaborated on this basis a typology of forms of the religious dimension of Catholicism, it will show and discuss how the solution of some architectural questions can influence the success or the demise of one or an other among different forms that the religious dimension of Catholicism can assume copying with the secularization process current phase.

Seng W. Loke

Caring for the elderly, aging-in-place, and enabling the elderly to maintain a good life continue to be topics of increasing importance, especially in countries with a higher percentage of older people, as people live longer, and care-giving costs rise. This position paper proposes the concept of urban agetech, where agetech services beyond the home can be an integral part of a modern ageing-friendly city, and where support for the elderly, where needed, in the form of automated systems (e.g., robots and automated vehicles) would be a normal city function/service, akin to the rather commonplace public transport services today.

Penglei Sun, Yaoxian Song, Xiang Liu et al.

3D multimodal question answering (MQA) plays a crucial role in scene understanding by enabling intelligent agents to comprehend their surroundings in 3D environments. While existing research has primarily focused on indoor household tasks and outdoor roadside autonomous driving tasks, there has been limited exploration of city-level scene understanding tasks. Furthermore, existing research faces challenges in understanding city scenes, due to the absence of spatial semantic information and human-environment interaction information at the city level.To address these challenges, we investigate 3D MQA from both dataset and method perspectives. From the dataset perspective, we introduce a novel 3D MQA dataset named City-3DQA for city-level scene understanding, which is the first dataset to incorporate scene semantic and human-environment interactive tasks within the city. From the method perspective, we propose a Scene graph enhanced City-level Understanding method (Sg-CityU), which utilizes the scene graph to introduce the spatial semantic. A new benchmark is reported and our proposed Sg-CityU achieves accuracy of 63.94 % and 63.76 % in different settings of City-3DQA. Compared to indoor 3D MQA methods and zero-shot using advanced large language models (LLMs), Sg-CityU demonstrates state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in robustness and generalization.

Naoki Tamura, Kazuyuki Shoji, Shin Katayama et al.

We publicly release OpenUAS, a dataset of area embeddings based on urban usage patterns, including embeddings for over 1.3 million 50-meter square meshes covering a total area of 3,300 square kilometers. This dataset is valuable for analyzing area functions in fields such as market analysis, urban planning, transportation infrastructure, and infection prediction. It captures the characteristics of each area in the city, such as office districts and residential areas, by employing an area embedding technique that utilizes location information typically obtained by GPS. Numerous area embedding techniques have been proposed, and while the public release of such embedding datasets is technically feasible, it has not been realized. One reason for this is that previous methods could not embed areas from different cities and periods into the same embedding space without sharing raw location data. We address this issue by developing an anchoring method that establishes anchors within a shared embedding space. We publicly release this anchor dataset along with area embedding datasets from several periods in eight major Japanese cities.

Huaixiu Steven Zheng, Swaroop Mishra, Hugh Zhang et al.

We introduce NATURAL PLAN, a realistic planning benchmark in natural language containing 3 key tasks: Trip Planning, Meeting Planning, and Calendar Scheduling. We focus our evaluation on the planning capabilities of LLMs with full information on the task, by providing outputs from tools such as Google Flights, Google Maps, and Google Calendar as contexts to the models. This eliminates the need for a tool-use environment for evaluating LLMs on Planning. We observe that NATURAL PLAN is a challenging benchmark for state of the art models. For example, in Trip Planning, GPT-4 and Gemini 1.5 Pro could only achieve 31.1% and 34.8% solve rate respectively. We find that model performance drops drastically as the complexity of the problem increases: all models perform below 5% when there are 10 cities, highlighting a significant gap in planning in natural language for SoTA LLMs. We also conduct extensive ablation studies on NATURAL PLAN to further shed light on the (in)effectiveness of approaches such as self-correction, few-shot generalization, and in-context planning with long-contexts on improving LLM planning.

Zishuo Liu, Haishan Xia, Tong Zhang

ABSTRACTUrban rail transit (URT) systems play an evident role in shaping city spatial structures; however, the principles and mechanisms behind this influence are not fully understood. This paper reviews research progress on the coupling relationship between URT and urban space, focusing on big data analysis methods and the timeliness and sequence of coupling effects. It highlights the importance of the temporal dimension in coupling analysis. By thoroughly exploiting data value and extracting key elements, big data technology imparts temporal attributes to these elements, exploring their interaction and influence mechanisms over different time sequences. The paper also discusses the potential application of big data to urban planning to support sustainable urban development. Finally, the paper outlines future research directions, including the deepened application of big data to urban spatial analysis and the role of new data sources in understanding and shaping the coupling relationship between URT and urban space. This analysis offers new perspectives and methodologies for urban development and transportation planning.

Faisal Faisal

The Jeneberang River has enormous potential to be developed as a green tourism destination in the city of Makassar. The potential it has consists of the natural base potential as one of the largest rivers in South Sulawesi province in the form of water and all the biota that form a single river ecosystem, panoramic views of the area located at the estuary, which is directly connected to the sea in the Makassar Strait, richness of land vegetation along the banks, rivers in river border areas, and beaches. This research is descriptive research with a normative approach to determine the objectives, implementation, and impact of tourism development policies on the existence of the Jeneberang River as a green tourism destination in the city of Makassar. The research respondents were 17 people from representatives of each element of Makassar city tourism stakeholders. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and searching for documents relevant to the policy for developing the Jeneberang River as a green tourism destination. The research results found that the development of the Jeneberang river has been stipulated in several regional policies in the form of regional regulations, namely Makassar City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2015 concerning Makassar City Regional Spatial Plan for 2015-2034 and Makassar City Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2023 concerning Development Master Plan Makassar City Regional Tourism 2023-2025. Operationally, this policy has not been supported by technocratic planning in the form of the Jeneberang River Development Masterplan as a Green Tourism Destination

Sahnoune Sara, Benharkat Sarah, Kouloughli Abderahim

Water cool Islands (WCIs) are a key strategy for mitigating Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHIs) despite the characteristic limitations of water bodies. This paper reports an analysis of the spatial and temporal variation in Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) intensity in the Mila region of Algeria, with a focus on evaluating Water Cool Island's (WCI) effectiveness of the country's largest and most substantial hydraulic infrastructure, the Beni-Haroun Dam. Landsat 5TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIR imagery from 1991 to 2022 were required and analyzed during the hottest and driest periods. Additionally, a comprehensive assessment of the Weighted Normalized Difference Water Index (WNDWI) was conducted, followed by classification and mapping using ArcGIS 10.8. The findings demonstrate a significant correlation between the water index and SUHI, with the WNDWI showing the lowest surface temperature values. This resulted a global cooling intensity (WCI= −1.39°C), translating to a temperature reduction of 1.39°C across study area, with a notable substantial cooling effect observed in the urban areas surrounding the dam. This study underscores the crucial role of water surfaces in mitigating heat islands, offering valuable in-sights for urban planners seeking to enhance urban climates by modifying existing water surfaces or designing new ones.

Michael Batty

Shubham Mante

The world has been experiencing rapid urbanization over the last few decades, putting a strain on existing city infrastructure such as waste management, water supply management, public transport and electricity consumption. We are also seeing increasing pollution levels in cities threatening the environment, natural resources and health conditions. However, we must realize that the real growth lies in urbanization as it provides many opportunities to individuals for better employment, healthcare and better education. However, it is imperative to limit the ill effects of rapid urbanization through integrated action plans to enable the development of growing cities. This gave rise to the concept of a smart city in which all available information associated with a city will be utilized systematically for better city management. The proposed system architecture is divided in subsystems and is discussed in individual chapters. The first chapter introduces and gives overview to the reader of the complete system architecture. The second chapter discusses the data monitoring system and data lake system based on the oneM2M standards. DMS employs oneM2M as a middleware layer to achieve interoperability, and DLS uses a multi-tenant architecture with multiple logical databases, enabling efficient and reliable data management. The third chapter discusses energy monitoring and electric vehicle charging systems developed to illustrate the applicability of the oneM2M standards. The fourth chapter discusses the Data Exchange System based on the Indian Urban Data Exchange framework. DES uses IUDX standard data schema and open APIs to avoid data silos and enable secure data sharing. The fifth chapter discusses the 5D-IoT framework that provides uniform data quality assessment of sensor data with meaningful data descriptions.

Taquan Ma, Rui Liu, Zheng Li et al.

In the context of promoting high-quality development of mountainous urban areas, it is of great significance to explore the evolutionary trajectory of habitat quality in the future based on policy-driven backgrounds, particularly for the protection of the Western mountainous ecosystem. This study takes the Chongqing metropolitan area, a typical southwestern mountainous city, as the study area. Based on land use data from 1990 to 2020, the study combines the InVEST and PLUS models, considering the constraints imposed by urban construction planning and ecological control policies, to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of habitat quality from 1990 to 2030. The findings are as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2020, there was a significant decrease in cultivated land area in the study area, while forestland and unused land showed a declining trend. Conversely, built-up land, grassland, and water bodies exhibited an increasing trend. In the land use simulation for 2030, under the scenarios of natural growth and ecological protection, the cultivated land area further decreased, while forestland and grassland received a certain degree of protection. In the scenario of development, a large amount of cultivated land was converted into built-up land. (2) From 1990 to 2030, significant overall habitat quality changes were observed among different regions within the study area. Except for Nanchuan District and Qijiang District, other administrative regions experienced a certain degree of decline in habitat quality. The distribution of habitat quality exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. The low-value habitat areas were centered in the middle of the metropolitan area and gradually expanded outward. The high-value habitat areas were concentrated in the study area, including the Huaying Mountain range and other mountainous ecological corridor regions. (3) Habitat quality in the study area showed a decreasing trend with an increasing slope gradient. With the development of urbanization, habitat quality degradation gradually spread to high-altitude and steep-slope areas. (4) The expansion of built-up land is the main cause of habitat degradation in the study area. From 1990 to 2030, against the background of development strategies in the study area, the expansion of built-up land encroached upon cultivated land and forestland. In the habitat quality prediction for 2030, habitat degradation in the region will continue to intensify. This study provides scientific references and the basis for promoting regional sustainable land use and ecological conservation.

Jesus Donaire-Avila, Amadeo Benavent-Climent, Fabrizio Mollaioli

It is widely accepted in the seismic design of buildings a certain level of damage under moderate or severe seismic actions but preventing the damage concentration in them. On the other hand, the energy-based design methodology proposes an optimum strength distribution for designing the structure of the building aimed at achieving an approximated even distribution of the damage—energy dissipated by plastic deformations—under seismic actions. Different approaches for the optimum strength distribution have been proposed in both existing literature and standards. Most of them were formulated from the results obtained in non-linear numeric evaluations of elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) structures, such as the findings proposed recently by the authors of this study. However, studies on the optimum strength distributions of reinforced concrete (RC) structures are scarce. The present study sheds light on this issue. Accordingly, the structures of four prototype buildings with 3, 6, 9, and 12 stories were designed through an energy-based method by using five approaches for the optimum strength distribution: those proposed by the authors and two others from the literature and standards. Then, different prototypes of the structures arose considering the different approaches for the optimum strength distribution, two soil classes (dense and medium dense), and two ductility levels (low and high). Such prototype structures were subjected to two sets of far-field ground motion records by using three different constitutive models for the shear force-interstory drift relationship: EPP, Clough model, and Modified Clough model. The first characterizes the steel structures and the rest are typical for RC structures. A complete analysis was carried out to obtain the distribution of damage for EPP and RC structures, their deviations with respect to the “ideal” even distribution of damage, and the possible damage concentration on specific stories. RC structures showed a higher dispersion for the distribution of damage than EPP structures although those designed with the optimum strength distributions proposed by the authors showed the lowest values in the order of those obtained with EPP structures designed with optimum strength distributions proposed in the literature.

Rabiya Hanif, Wedzerai S. Musvoto

Background: Reliable and adequate healthcare funding is crucial in public healthcare service delivery. However, district hospitals in Malawi, face funding challenges as evidenced by poor service delivery. Aim: This study aimed at investigating funding challenges experienced by public district hospitals of Malawi in the provision of healthcare services and proposing strategies for improved funding. Setting: The research presented in this article evaluates funding challenges in the public healthcare sector in Malawi, a developing country. Method: An exploratory sequential mixed method design was used. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 purposively selected individuals and were analysed thematically. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires from 328 respondents. Quantitative data underwent factor and univariate analysis. Results: The study revealed that government funding is received late and is inadequate; donor funding was declining and earmarked for specific health activities; while income generation capacity of hospitals and Councils is weak. The study suggests that hospitals should introduce fees for service, government should be lobbied for increased funding allocations, and revenue–generating capacity of hospitals and Councils should be enhanced. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is an urgent need for government to prioritise the healthcare delivery sector and increase its funding. Hospitals and Councils should be innovative in order to generate additional funding for operations and the revenue generation capacity of hospitals and Councils should thus, be enhanced. Contribution: The study adds to the healthcare funding debate in developing countries by providing a context–specific analysis of healthcare funding challenges and suggesting improvement strategies.