Hasil untuk "Architectural drawing and design"

Ben Pfaff, Justin Pettit, Teemu Koponen et al.

Fei DAI, Yaru XU, Yun WANG et al.

ObjectiveAgainst the backdrop of China’s ecological civilization construction and comprehensive green transition, the national strategy of “synergistic promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening expansion, and growth” has become a core policy orientation. How to foster effective synergies among these four objectives—carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening expansion, and growth—have consequently emerged as a key research agenda across multiple disciplines. As the primary research object of landscape architecture, green space constitutes a crucial spatial carrier for “greening expansion” and offers a distinctive spatial planning and design perspective for simultaneously advancing carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, and high-quality development. This study aims to clarify the policy evolution, disciplinary research patterns, and spatial mechanisms underlying such synergies, and to explore how landscape architecture can contribute more systematically to this national strategic framework.MethodsThe study first reviews major national policies issued since 2005 that relate to carbon reduction, pollution control, ecological conservation, greening expansion, and green growth. It outlines their advancement pathways, summarizes evolving objectives and conceptual connotations, and identifies linkage mechanisms among “carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening expansion, and growth”. Second, based on literature statistics and disciplinary mapping, the study examines publication trends and disciplinary distribution of collaborative research focusing on different combinations of these four goals, thereby revealing the dominant paradigms and existing gaps. Third, from the standpoint of landscape architecture, it analyzes how different forms and configurations of “greening expansion” can be leveraged to achieve synergistic improvements across carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, and economic growth, with particular attention to spatial characteristics, ecological processes, socioeconomic feedbacks, and the translation of scientific findings into planning, design, and management strategies.Results1) The relationships among carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening expansion, and growth are strongly shaped by successive rounds of policy guidance. With the institutionalization of ecological civilization and the proposal of the “dual carbon” targets, policy documents have gradually shifted from sectoral management to integrated, cross-sectoral governance. During 2022−2025, China has entered a stage of deepening policy coordination, in where the four targets are no longer pursued in isolation but are embedded in systematic frameworks for territorial spatial planning, environmental management, and industrial restructuring. 2) As of 2025, the academic literature still focuses predominantly on pairwise synergies: carbon reduction−growth, pollution reduction−growth, greening expansion−carbon reduction, greening expansion−pollution reduction, greening expansion−growth, and carbon reduction−pollution reduction. Studies simultaneously addressing three or more objectives remain relatively scarce. Publications are heavily concentrated in environmental science and engineering, energy and climate studies, economics, and public policy. These works are largely driven by top-down policy agendas and oriented toward macro-level assessment, scenario simulation, and policy evaluation. In contrast, there is a clear deficiency of research within human settlement and built environment disciplines—including landscape architecture, urban and rural planning, and architecture—that take spatial localization, spatial configuration, and site-scale intervention as core entry points. 3) From the perspective of landscape architecture, existing studies primarily focus on how the spatial characteristics of green spaces—such as area and scale, type composition, landscape pattern, connectivity, configuration, and functional zoning—affect carbon sequestration, pollutant removal, microclimate regulation, and socio-economic benefits. These studies translate such relationships into principles that inform green space planning, design, and management. Current evidence demonstrates that “greening expansion” can effectively contribute to carbon reduction (e.g., through vegetation carbon sinks, reduced building energy consumption, and promotion of low-carbon mobility), pollution reduction (e.g., through air and water purification, noise mitigation, runoff regulation, and alleviation of urban heat islands), and growth (e.g., through enhancement of property values, attraction of investment, promotion of recreation and tourism, improvement of public health, and support for green industries and employment).ConclusionIt is necessary to further strengthen multidimensional synergy research led by “greening expansion” under the disciplinary framework of landscape architecture, with spatial planning and design as a primary leverage. Future work should move beyond isolated pairwise relationships and pay greater attention to multi-objective coupling mechanisms that integrate carbon reduction, pollution control, ecosystem restoration, and high-quality development. Specifically, green space planning should be more closely aligned with the hierarchical management requirements of territorial spatial planning, coordinating national, regional, urban-rural, and site-specific scales. Taking synergistic carbon and pollution reduction, as well as integrated “carbon reduction-pollution reduction-growth” goals, as core targets, research should develop systematic strategies for green space planning, design, and management that cover multiple spatial levels, including “urban−rural systems, space types, plots”. This implies establishing quantitative indicators and spatial configuration guidelines for different categories of green space; embedding ecosystem service optimization, low-carbon transition objectives, and environmental health considerations into zoning, layout, and design codes; and strengthening adaptive management based on continuous monitoring, performance assessment, and feedback adjustment. By leveraging the spatial carrier function of green spaces and integrating ecological, social, and economic objectives coordinated, landscape architecture can play a pivotal role in realizing the synergy of carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening expansion, and sustainable growth, providing spatial solutions, design pathways, and technical support for national strategies on ecological civilization and comprehensive green transformation.

Zinan Zhang, Xinning Gui, Yubo Kou

Cooperative play (co-play) is often positioned as a family-beneficial practice that can strengthen parent-child bonds and support parental mediation in games. Yet co-play in user-generated virtual worlds (UGVWs) can be disrupted by real-time harms that parents cannot easily prevent. Roblox, a platform with millions of user-generated virtual worlds and a large child player base, illustrates this challenge. Prior work on harmful UGVW design highlights risks beyond content problems, including manipulative monetization prompts, unmoderated social interactions, emergent in-world behaviors, and narrative designs that may normalize harmful ideologies. Current governance and moderation approaches, largely adapted from social media, focus on static artifacts and often fail to capture interactive and emergent harms in virtual worlds. This workshop paper asks: how might UGVWs and their platforms be designed to minimize harms that specifically impair family co-play experiences?

Erin Chambers, Brittany Terese Fasy, Erfan Hosseini Sereshgi et al.

Reeb graphs are simple topological descriptors with applications in many areas like topological data analysis and computational geometry. Despite their prevalence, visualization of Reeb graphs has received less attention. In this paper, we bridge an essential gap in the literature by exploring the complexity of drawing Reeb graphs. Specifically, we demonstrate that Reeb graph crossing number minimization is NP-hard, both for straight-lined and curved edges. On the other hand, we identify specific classes of Reeb graphs, namely paths and caterpillars, for which crossing-free drawings exist. We also give an optimal algorithm for drawing cycle-shaped Reeb graphs with the least number of crossings and provide initial observations on the complexities of drawing multi-cycle Reeb graphs. We hope that this work establishes the foundation for an understanding of the graph drawing challenges inherent in Reeb graph visualization and paves the way for future work in this area.

Z. Liu, J. Williams, A. Makovec et al.

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the charged lepton flavour violating process of coherent neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion in the presence of an aluminum nucleus. The muons are produced by an 8 GeV proton beam from the Fermilab Booster striking a production target to create hadrons that decay to muons. The production target design space is strongly constrained by a required one-year operating lifetime and the need for radiative cooling in a vacuum. Uncertainties in the lifetime of the existing baseline design - a monolithic, segmented tungsten (WL10) target - are large, particularly due to unknown effects of radiation damage at the very high proton fluences expected in the experiment. We have begun evaluating a new design utilizing Inconel 718. Here, we present an engineering analysis of a prototype modular design. specifically thermal management, structural stability, fatigue lifetime, and fabrication changes. The results approve a promising new target design for the Mu2e experiment.

Ismael Youssef, Hang Yang, Cong Hao

While 3D IC technology has been extensively explored for ASICs, their application to FPGAs remains limited. Existing studies on 3D FPGAs are often constrained to fixed prototypes, narrow architectural templates, and simulation-only evaluations. In this work, we present LaZagna, the first open-source framework for automated, end-to-end 3D FPGA architecture generation and evaluation. LaZagna supports high-level architectural specification, synthesizable RTL generation, and bitstream production, enabling comprehensive validation of 3D FPGA designs beyond simulation. It significantly broadens the design space compared to prior work by introducing customizable vertical interconnect patterns, novel 3D switch block designs, and support for heterogeneous logic layers. The framework also incorporates practical design constraints such as inter-layer via density and vertical interconnect delay. We demonstrate the capabilities of LaZagna by generating synthesizable RTL that can be taken through full physical design flows for fabric generation, along with functionally correct bitstreams. Furthermore, we conduct five case studies that explore various architectural parameters and evaluate their impact on wirelength, critical path delay, and routing runtime. These studies showcase the framework's scalability, flexibility, and effectiveness in guiding future 3D FPGA architectural and packaging decisions. LaZagna is fully open-source and available on GitHub.

Federica Giuliani

“San Pellegrino in Fiore” è un evento florovivaistico che si svolge ogni primavera nel centro storico di Viterbo, distinguendosi da anni per il suo contributo alla valorizzazione culturale e urbana. L’edizione 2024, curata dall'architetto Raffaele Ascenzi e dal suo team, ha presentato un’installazione verde effimera ispirata alle decorazioni cosmatesche e ai giardini rinascimentali, intrecciando tradizione e innovazione all’interno del tessuto urbano medievale. Le insolite piazze e le architetture di pregio del centro storico sono state reinterpretate attraverso un linguaggio progettuale che ne ha esaltato il valore storico. Il progetto si è basato sull’utilizzo di materiali naturali e riciclati, adottando tecniche costruttive mirate a garantire una gestione responsabile delle risorse. La selezione delle essenze vegetali è stata guidata da criteri di adattabilità climatica e basso impatto ambientale, con un approfondito studio del patrimonio botanico della Tuscia. L’intervento, coi suoi riferimenti storici, ha dimostrato come l’effimero possa diventare una scelta progettuale capace di rispondere alle esigenze contemporanee di valorizzazione dell’ambiente costruito, mantenendo un dialogo con il passato. Il risultato è stato un progetto che coniuga tradizione, estetica, funzionalità e sostenibilità, aprendo nuove prospettive per la trasformazione temporanea di spazi pubblici e per la valorizzazione innovativa del patrimonio culturale.

Marco Manfra

Il contributo esamina le prassi progettuali e produttive di Paola Besana, riconoscendo la sua posizione di spicco tra i designer tessili italiani del Novecento. Inoltre, prendendo in considerazione alcuni progetti di Besana, si discuterà sull’importanza della documentazione antropologica, sull’esigenza della “corrispondenza” tra il progettista e la materia, e, infine, sull’imprescindibilità della cura delle relazioni sociali nell’arte del tramandare, per innovare e mutare la tecnica e i prodotti nell’alveo del design tessile.

Tom van Eijk, Indika Kumara, Dario Di Nucci et al.

Data mesh is an emerging decentralized approach to managing and generating value from analytical enterprise data at scale. It shifts the ownership of the data to the business domains closest to the data, promotes sharing and managing data as autonomous products, and uses a federated and automated data governance model. The data mesh relies on a managed data platform that offers services to domain and governance teams to build, share, and manage data products efficiently. However, designing and implementing a self-serve data platform is challenging, and the platform engineers and architects must understand and choose the appropriate design options to ensure the platform will enhance the experience of domain and governance teams. For these reasons, this paper proposes a catalog of architectural design decisions and their corresponding decision options by systematically reviewing 43 industrial gray literature articles on self-serve data platforms in data mesh. Moreover, we used semi-structured interviews with six data engineering experts with data mesh experience to validate, refine, and extend the findings from the literature. Such a catalog of design decisions and options drawn from the state of practice shall aid practitioners in building data meshes while providing a baseline for further research on data mesh architectures.

Jayden Rogers, Niyaz Shakeel, Divya Mankani et al.

The hardware security community relies on databases of known vulnerabilities and open-source designs to develop formal verification methods for identifying hardware security flaws. While there are plenty of open-source designs and verification tools, there is a gap in open-source properties addressing these flaws, making it difficult to reproduce prior work and slowing research. This paper aims to bridge that gap. We provide SystemVerilog Assertions for four common designs: OR1200, Hack@DAC 2018's buggy PULPissimo SoC, Hack@DAC 2019's CVA6, and Hack@DAC 2021's buggy OpenPiton SoCs. The properties are organized by design and tagged with details about the security flaws and the implicated CWE. To encourage more property reporting, we describe the methodology we use when crafting properties.

Jialiang Wang, Hanmo Liu, Shimin Di et al.

High-level automation is increasingly critical in AI, driven by rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) and AI agents. However, LLMs, despite their general reasoning power, struggle significantly in specialized, data-sensitive tasks such as designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). This difficulty arises from (1) the inherent knowledge gaps in modeling the intricate, varying relationships between graph properties and suitable architectures and (2) the external noise from misleading descriptive inputs, often resulting in generic or even misleading model suggestions. Achieving proficiency in designing data-aware models -- defined as the meta-level capability to systematically accumulate, interpret, and apply data-specific design knowledge -- remains challenging for existing automated approaches, due to their inefficient construction and application of meta-knowledge. To achieve meta-level proficiency, we propose DesiGNN, a knowledge-centered framework that systematically converts past model design experience into structured, fine-grained knowledge priors well-suited for meta-learning with LLMs. To account for the inherent variability and external noise, DesiGNN aligns empirical property filtering from extensive benchmarks with adaptive elicitation of literature insights via LLMs. By constructing a solid meta-knowledge between unseen graph understanding and known effective architecture patterns, DesiGNN can deliver top-5.77% initial model proposals for unseen datasets within seconds and achieve consistently superior performance with minimal search cost compared to baselines.

Chia-Tung Ho, Haoxing Ren

Standard cells are essential components of modern digital circuit designs. With process technologies advancing toward 2nm, more routability issues have arisen due to the decreasing number of routing tracks, increasing number and complexity of design rules, and strict patterning rules. The state-of-the-art standard cell design automation framework is able to automatically design standard cell layouts in advanced nodes, but it is still struggling to generate highly competitive Performance-Power-Area (PPA) and routable cell layouts for complex sequential cell designs. Consequently, a novel and efficient methodology incorporating the expertise of experienced human designers to incrementally optimize the PPA of cell layouts is highly necessary and essential. High-quality device clustering, with consideration of netlist topology, diffusion sharing/break and routability in the layouts, can reduce complexity and assist in finding highly competitive PPA, and routable layouts faster. In this paper, we leverage the natural language and reasoning ability of Large Language Model (LLM) to generate high-quality cluster constraints incrementally to optimize the cell layout PPA and debug the routability with ReAct prompting. On a benchmark of sequential standard cells in 2nm, we demonstrate that the proposed method not only achieves up to 19.4% smaller cell area, but also generates 23.5% more LVS/DRC clean cell layouts than previous work. In summary, the proposed method not only successfully reduces cell area by 4.65% on average, but also is able to fix routability in the cell layout designs.

Giuseppe Amoruso

<p>The project aims to present the 3D reconstruction of the Roman Theater of Amman, the ancient Philadelphia of the Palestinian Decapolis, through rigorous representative models. The outcomes will be part of a future exhibition providing site-specific installations and user experience artifacts based on digital interaction and tactile models. The paper illustrates the multidisciplinary approach associated with using 3D virtual reconstruction and game engine tools to reflect on the practice of representing ancient monuments and digital museology. Travelers of the 18th and 19th centuries drafted the fascination of discovery as an experience in their notebooks. At the same time, their written records could address contemporary visitors to an extensive cultural knowledge of places and buildings, the historia of Philadelphia. Investigations are shifting scientific models towards a dynamic cultural experience representative of cultural heritage, including intangible heritage, stories, and new technological paradigms, increasingly rapidly making it possible to duplicate art and heritage. This shift is pinpointing the role of representation for cultural studies and humanities, experimenting with practices and tools to drill methodologies, and producing models for interaction design, socialization, gaming, and museum experience.</p><p><span class="TextRun SCXW238265417 BCX8" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto">DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.31.2023.</span><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW238265417 BCX8" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW238265417 BCX8">1</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW238265417 BCX8">5</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW238265417 BCX8" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}"> </span></p>

Hayri Ağan

Bu çalışmanın amacı ressam Orhan Peker’in hayatındaki evrelere değinirken biçim anlayışının oluşmasındaki etkenleri araştırmaktır. Ressamın akademi yıllarında Bedri Rahmi Atölyesi’nde olgunlaşan biçim anlayışıyla birlikte plastik fikrinin köklerini saptamaya çalışmak, Batı resim sanatıyla kurduğu ilişkinin resmine etkilerini somutlaştırmak çalışmanın bir başka amacıdır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntem olarak kullanılmıştır. Literatür taraması yapılarak Orhan Peker adına düzenlenen sergi dokümanları, katalog metinleri, dergi yazıları, koleksiyonlara girmiş eserler için oluşturulmuş basılı kaynaklar ve dijital mecralarda yer alan belgeler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sanatçının yurtdışı seyahatlerinde ürettiği çeşitli günlük, desen, eskiz ve defter notlarına kısmen de olsa ulaşılabilir olması araştırmanın kapsamına katkı sağlamıştır. İçerik ve biçimsel yönleriyle Orhan Peker resim anlayışı araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Bedri Rahmi Atölyesi’nde yetişen Orhan Peker, Anadolu kültürel kimlik kodlarını resme dâhil etme genel eğilimi aksine son derece özgün, yerel olmayan, bağımsız bir tavır sergilemektedir. 1950’ler Türk sanat ortamına Onlar Grubu’nun kurucuları arasında anılarak girmiş olsa da Batı Resim Sanatı ile yakından kurduğu bağ, etkilendiği usta sanatçı kaynakları, biçim anlayışında baskın etkisini beraberinde getirmektedir. Tuval resmi dışında malzeme kullanımındaki esnekliğiyle örtüşen, bohem, içedönük karakteri, Avrupa seyahatlerindeki gezgin olma hali, Peker resminin, sezgisel ve ifadeci yanı ağır basan biçim anlayışını ortaya koymaktadır.

Cyril Picard, Jürg Schiffmann, Faez Ahmed

Exploiting the recent advancements in artificial intelligence, showcased by ChatGPT and DALL-E, in real-world applications necessitates vast, domain-specific, and publicly accessible datasets. Unfortunately, the scarcity of such datasets poses a significant challenge for researchers aiming to apply these breakthroughs in engineering design. Synthetic datasets emerge as a viable alternative. However, practitioners are often uncertain about generating high-quality datasets that accurately represent real-world data and are suitable for the intended downstream applications. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by proposing comprehensive guidelines for generating, annotating, and validating synthetic datasets. The trade-offs and methods associated with each of these aspects are elaborated upon. Further, the practical implications of these guidelines are illustrated through the creation of a turbo-compressors dataset. The study underscores the importance of thoughtful sampling methods to ensure the appropriate size, diversity, utility, and realism of a dataset. It also highlights that design diversity does not equate to performance diversity or realism. By employing test sets that represent uniform, real, or task-specific samples, the influence of sample size and sampling strategy is scrutinized. Overall, this paper offers valuable insights for researchers intending to create and publish synthetic datasets for engineering design, thereby paving the way for more effective applications of AI advancements in the field. The code and data for the dataset and methods are made publicly accessible at https://github.com/cyrilpic/radcomp .

Md Rubel Ahmed, Bardia Nadimi, Hao Zheng

Modeling system-level behaviors of intricate System-on-Chip (SoC) designs is crucial for design analysis, testing, and validation. However, the complexity and volume of SoC traces pose significant challenges in this task. This paper proposes an approach to automatically infer concise and abstract models from SoC communication traces, capturing the system-level protocols that govern message exchange and coordination between design blocks for various system functions. This approach, referred to as model synthesis, constructs a causality graph with annotations obtained from the SoC traces. The annotated causality graph represents all potential causality relations among messages under consideration. Next, a constraint satisfaction problem is formulated from the causality graph, which is then solved by a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver to find satisfying solutions. Finally, finite state models are extracted from the generated solutions, which can be used to explain and understand the input traces. The proposed approach is validated through experiments using synthetic traces obtained from simulating a transaction-level model of a multicore SoC design and traces collected from running real programs on a realistic multicore SoC modeled with gem5.

Hongji Wang, Tiexin Guo, Jinglai Li et al.

Failure probability estimation problem is an crucial task in engineering. In this work we consider this problem in the situation that the underlying computer models are extremely expensive, which often arises in the practice, and in this setting, reducing the calls of computer model is of essential importance. We formulate the problem of estimating the failure probability with expensive computer models as an sequential experimental design for the limit state (i.e., the failure boundary) and propose a series of efficient adaptive design criteria to solve the design of experiment (DOE). In particular, the proposed method employs the deep neural network (DNN) as the surrogate of limit state function for efficiently reducing the calls of expensive computer experiment. A map from the Gaussian distribution to the posterior approximation of the limit state is learned by the normalizing flows for the ease of experimental design. Three normalizing-flows-based design criteria are proposed in this work for deciding the design locations based on the different assumption of generalization error. The accuracy and performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by both theory and practical examples.

Rene Antonio Romero Alvarez

El desarrollo capitalista en América Latina y la urbanización que se generó a partir del mismo, ha dado lugar a un sistema de ciudades muy diverso donde subyace una compleja problemática socio-residencial que afecta la calidad de vida de un gran porcentaje de la población en la región. En este artículo proponemos una revisión de las transformaciones urbanas en las ciudades latinoamericanas contemporáneas, interesados especialmente en lo sucedido desde 1950 hasta 2020. Creemos necesario abordar la incidencia del modelo capitalista en la configuración de las ciudades, la especificidad de las transformaciones urbanas en América Latina, así como los inicios de las políticas y proyectos de vivienda en la ciudad contemporánea y modos de abordaje público de la problemática habitacional en la región. Con el propósito de colaborar en la comprensión de tal objeto, se realiza una revisión de antecedentes de autores europeos, norteamericanos y latinoamericanos.

Bengisu Cagiltay, Joseph Michaelis, Sarah Sebo et al.

Research in child-robot interactions suggests that engaging in "care-taking" of a social robot, such as tucking the robot in at night, can strengthen relationships formed between children and robots. In this work, we aim to better understand and explore the design space of caretaking activities with 10 children, aged 8--12 from eight families, involving an exploratory design session followed by a preliminary feasibility testing of robot caretaking activities. The design sessions provided insight into children's current caretaking tasks, how they would take care of a social robot, and how these new caretaking activities could be integrated into their daily routines. The feasibility study tested two different types of robot caretaking tasks, which we call connection and utility, and measured their short term effects on children's perceptions of and closeness to the social robot. We discuss the themes and present interaction design guidelines of robot caretaking activities for children.

The DUNE collaboration

This document describes the conceptual design for the Offline Software and Computing for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). The goals of the experiment include 1) studying neutrino oscillations using a beam of neutrinos sent from Fermilab in Illinois to the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, 2) studying astrophysical neutrino sources and rare processes and 3) understanding the physics of neutrino interactions in matter. We describe the development of the computing infrastructure needed to achieve the physics goals of the experiment by storing, cataloging, reconstructing, simulating, and analyzing $\sim$ 30 PB of data/year from DUNE and its prototypes. Rather than prescribing particular algorithms, our goal is to provide resources that are flexible and accessible enough to support creative software solutions and advanced algorithms as HEP computing evolves. We describe the physics objectives, organization, use cases, and proposed technical solutions.