Hasil untuk "Anthropology"

Sema Arslan Kabasakal

Bu çalışmanın amacı sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler çerçevesinde incelenmesi iki faktör arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 23,91±6.32 olan 168’i kadın, 147’si erkek olmak üzere 315 sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara Katılımcı Değerlendirme Formu, Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği, Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Bağımsız Örneklem t-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları kapsamında katılımcıların cinsiyetine, bireysel veya takım sporu sürdürme durumuna göre sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının ve psikolojik iyi oluş seviyelerinin istatistiksel olarak farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmanın bir diğer bulgusu ise cinsiyet ve branş fark etmeksizin sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumları ile psikolojik iyi oluşları arasında orta düzey pozitif yönlü ilişkinin bulunmasıdır (p<0,001). Çalışma sonucunda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumları ile psikolojik sağlıklarının ilişkili olduğu ve bunun branşa ve cinsiyete göre değişmediği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Bu doğrultuda sporcuların sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını geliştirmenin, psikolojik sağlıklarını iyileştirdiği; psikolojik iyilik halinde artışın sporcularda sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarını iyileştirdiği söylenebilir.

A.Y.A. Mohamed, Laurence Gill, Alejandro Monleon et al.

Microbial aggregates of different sizes in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems have been shown to exhibit distinct microbial community compositions. However, studies comparing the microbial activities of different-sized aggregates in AGS systems remain limited. In this study, genome-resolved metatranscriptomics was used to investigate microbial activity patterns within differently sized aggregates in a full-scale AGS plant. Our analysis revealed a weak correlation between the relative abundance of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and their transcriptomic activity, indicating that microbial abundance does not directly correspond to metabolic activity within the system. Flocculent sludge (FL; <0.2 mm) predominantly featured active nitrifiers and fermentative polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) from Candidatus Phosphoribacter, while small granules (SG; 0.2–1.0 mm) and large granules (LG; >1.0 mm) hosted more metabolically active PAOs affiliated with Ca. Accumulibacter. Differential gene expression analysis further supported these findings, demonstrating significantly higher expression levels of key phosphorus uptake genes associated with Ca. Accumulibacter in granular sludge (SG and LG) compared to flocculent sludge. Conversely, Ca. Phosphoribacter showed higher expression of these genes in the FL fraction. This study highlights distinct functional roles and metabolic activities of crucial microbial communities depending on aggregate size within AGS systems, offering new insights into optimizing wastewater treatment processes.

Shoaib Ahmed Malik

This article explores Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s (d. 1210) theological insights on the metaphysical hierarchy of creation to address the question: Can there be extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) superior to human intelligence? By revisiting a long-standing debate in the Islamic tradition concerning the superiority (afḍaliyyah) of angels versus humans, this article positions al-Rāzī as a pivotal case who diverges from the majority Ashʿarī stance by advocating for angelic superiority. Through a detailed analysis of al-Rāzī’s deconstruction of pro-human superiority arguments and his construction of arguments favoring angels, the article demonstrates how his framework challenges anthropocentric assumptions and broadens theological possibilities. If al-Rāzī’s arguments are deemed successful, his scripturally and rationally grounded framework provides a foundation for envisioning ETI that may surpass humanity in spiritual or intellectual rank. This article contributes uniquely by unveiling al-Rāzī’s underexplored ideas on angelic superiority and integrating them into the context of Islam and ETI, thereby advancing modern discourse on Islamic theological anthropology.

J. J. Carrera-Hernández

<p>This work presents Mexico's High Resolution Climate Database (MexHiResClimDB), which is a newly developed gridded, high-resolution climate dataset comprised of daily, monthly and yearly precipitation and temperature (<span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_avg</span>). This new database provides the largest temporal coverage of the aforementioned climate variables at the highest spatial resolution (20 arcsec, or 560 m on Mexico's CCL projection) when compared to the other currently available gridded datasets for Mexico and its development has allowed for the analysis of the country's climate extremes for the 1951–2020 period. By comparing the spatial distribution of precipitation from the MexHiResClimDB with other gridded data (Daymet, L15, CHIRPS and PERSIANN CDR), it was found that the precipitation provided by this new dataset adequately represents the spatial variation of extreme precipitation events, in particular for the precipitation that occurred during 15–16 September 2013, caused by the presence of Tropical storm Manuel in the Pacific Ocean and Hurricane Ingrid (Cat 1) in the Gulf of Mexico. Using data from 61 days retrieved from Automated Weather Stations located throughout Mexico – and correspoding to the two months with the largest precipitation in Mexico – it was found that precipitation data from MexHiResClimDB has the lowest MAE (8.7 mm), compared to those of L15 (9.5 mm), Daymet (10.1 mm) and CHIRPS (11.7 mm). For <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span>, the lowest MAE was obtained with MexHiResClimDB (1.7 and 1.8 °C, respectively), followed by Daymet (2.0 °C for both temperatures) and L15 (2.4 and 2.5 °C). With this new database an analysis of the extreme events of precipitation and temperature in Mexico for the 1951–2020 period was undertaken: the wettest year was 1958, the wettest day 26 September 1970, and September of 2013 the wettest month. It was also found that eight out of the ten days with the highest <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> occurred in 2020, the two months with the highest <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> were July and August of 2020 and that the six years with the highest <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span> were 2015–2020. When <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span> was analysed, it was found that the hottest day was 15 June 1998, while June of 1998 was the hottest month and 2020 the hottest year, and that the four hottest years occurred between 2011–2020. Nationwide (and considering 1961–1990 as the baseline period), <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_min</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_avg</span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i>_max</span> have increased, with their anomalies drastically increasing in recent years and reaching values above 1.0 °C in 2020. At the same time, precipitation has also decreased in recent years – which combined with the increase in temperature will have severe impacts on water availability. This new database provides a tool to quantify – in detail – the spatio-temporal variability of climate throughout Mexico.</p> <p>The MexHiResClimDB entire dataset is available on Figshare (<a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7689428.v2">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7689428.v2</a>, <span class="cit" id="xref_altparen.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx16">Carrera-Hernández</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx16">2025</a><a href="#bib1.bibx16">a</a></span>).</p>

Chenlin He, Xiaojun Wang, Jiyu Jiao et al.

Abstract The combination of fingerprint positioning and 5G (the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) offers broader application prospects for indoor positioning technology, but also brings challenges in real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a fingerprint positioning method based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using a classification approach in a single-base station scenario for massive multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. We introduce an angle-delay domain fingerprint matrix that simplifies the computation process and increases the location differentiation. The cosine distance is chosen as the fingerprint similarity criterion due to its sensitivity to angular differences. First, the DCNN model is used to determine the sub-area to which the mobile terminal belongs, and then the weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) matching algorithm is used to estimate the position within the sub-area. The positioning performance is simulated in a DeepMIMO indoor environment, showing that the classification DCNN method reduces the positioning time by 77.05% compared to the non-classification method, with only a 1.08% increase in average positioning error.

Jan Pišl, Marc Rußwurm, Lloyd Haydn Hughes et al.

The rates of tropical deforestation remain high, resulting in carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and impacts on local communities. To design effective policies to tackle this, it is necessary to know what the drivers behind deforestation are. Since drivers vary in space and time, producing accurate spatially explicit maps with regular temporal updates is essential. Drivers can be recognized from satellite imagery but the scale of tropical deforestation makes it unfeasible to do so manually. Machine learning opens up possibilities for automating and scaling up this process. In this study, we developed and trained a deep learning model to classify the drivers of any forest loss—including deforestation—from satellite image time series. Our model architecture allows understanding of how the input time series is used to make a prediction, showing the model learns different patterns for recognizing each driver and highlighting the need for temporal data. We used our model to classify over $588^{^{\prime}}000$ sites to produce a map detailing the drivers behind tropical forest loss. The results confirm that the majority of it is driven by agriculture, but also show significant regional differences. Such data is a crucial source of information to enable targeting specific drivers locally and can be updated in the future using free satellite data.

Sukhinov Alexander, Sidoryakina Valentina

This article discusses the problems of numerical solution of non-stationary convection-diffusion-reaction problems using the model problem of suspended matter transport as an example. In the difference scheme proposed by the authors, at each time layer, the original spatial-three-dimensional problem is split along horizontal directions into a chain of two-dimensional and one-dimensional problems. In order to ensure the unconditional skew-symmetry of the convective transfer operator and its energy neutrality, the convective terms are written in symmetric form (half the sum of the non-divergent and divergent forms). The approximation of the initial boundary value problem, to which the suspended matter transport model is reduced, is considered in the Hilbert space of grid functions, which in subsequent discussions will allow us to focus on the use of general results of the theory of stability (correctness) of operator-difference schemes.

Daniel Cazés

V.G. Bakhmutov, O.V. Mytrokhyn, I.B. Poliachenko et al.

A palaeomagnetic study of rocks for two Palaeoproterozoic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) complexes in the Ukrainian Shield was done to put additional constraints on the interpretation of palaeogeography of Fennoscandia and Volgo-Sarmatia in the Palaeoproterozoic. With this study, 5 sites of Korsun-Novomyrhorod and 3 sites of Korosten AMCG complexes in central and north-western parts of the shield, respectively, were chosen for palaeomagnetic sampling given the geological, modern geochronological and previous palaeomagnetic data. Primary remanent magnetization was isolated on samples of anorthosites, Gabbro, and monzonites within a narrow time interval of U-Pb geochronology dataset of 1.76—1.75 Ga. The palaeomagnetic poles calculated for Korosten and Korsun-Novomyrhorod complexes are almost identical, which indicates that the Volyn and Ingul Domains developed within a single structure of the Ukrainian Shield since at least 1.75 Ga. The new palaeomagnetic pole calculated for all 8 sites (Plat=22.7 °N, Plon=167.4 °E, A95=3.3°) agrees well with previous studies by Elming et al. [2001, 2010]. The selection of the most reliable palaeomagnetic poles for Fennoscandia and Volgo-Sarmatia of this time indicates that the present position of the Ukrainian Shield relative to Fennoscandia is not the same as for about 1.75 Ga, when Fennoscandia occupied a subequatorial position within palaeolatitudes of 5—20 °N, and Volgo-Sarmatia was located close to the equator and rotated relative to Fennoscandia counterclockwise by about 40° compared to its present position.

Petr Kolychev

The article deals with the idea of the city as the independent actor in the “Crepuscule” film. The author states that: 1) the screening time, showing the city 2) the city has an impact to the other actors, when it interacts with them, giving its reactions, 3) there are city close-ups in the film, when the whole screen shows the city, 4) these city-only close-ups are based on the narrative of the film, 5) symmetry (similarity) of images of the main characters achieved by using the same means of their presentation. The city is the quintessence of culture. The culture has been researched with the help of the activity concept, so the idea of aggressiveness of culture is important. The culture is hostile to the part of spiritual life, which is not connected to the material consumption sphere. This spiritual side of the personality has another way for the implementation in the city. This way is livoli.

Ruth Y Oliver, Peter J Mahoney, Eliezer Gurarie et al.

Migratory birds have the capacity to shift their migration phenology in response to climatic change. Yet the mechanistic underpinning of changes in migratory timing remain poorly understood. We employed newly developed global positioning system (GPS) tracking devices and long-term dataset of migration passage timing to investigate how behavioral responses to environmental conditions relate to phenological shifts in American robins ( Turdus migratorius ) during spring migration to Arctic-boreal breeding grounds. We found that over the past quarter-century (1994–2018), robins have migrated ca. 5 d/decade earlier. Based on GPS data collected for 55 robins over three springs (2016–2018), we found the arrival timing and likelihood of stopovers, and timing of arrival to breeding grounds, were strongly influenced by dynamics in snow conditions along migratory paths. These findings suggest plasticity in migratory behavior may be an important mechanism for how long-distance migrants adjust their breeding phenology to keep pace with advancement of spring on breeding grounds.

Reichel Janusz, Rudnicka Agata, Socha Błażej

Labour market is getting more and more diverse. Young people have broad spectrum of possibilities to plan and develop their future careers. Future graduates may put attention on different opportunities from huge corporations to local non-governmental organizations. One of still underestimated sectors as a working place is the social enterprise sector. The current debate of the labour market is focusing on the issue of competences needed to meet the needs of a highly competitive labour market. The idea of entrepreneurship is also a focal point for these considerations. The main aim of the paper is to present the analysis of choices for career development among students from non-economic fields of study. The research was conducted among students of non-economics majors in the University of Lodz, Poland. Authors were seeking the answer to the question of whether the social economy organizations are treated as a potential workplace. The main results of the study confirm that the social economy sector is not the priority as a future choice for career development.

Noran Ovidiu

Climate change, population growth, changing energy consumption patterns and the advent of feasible renewable energy sources has prompted governments worldwide to set targets for carbon emission reductions. The transition to a ‘near zero emissions’ industry and energy production presents significant opportunities but also caveats in relation to maintaining the balance of the ‘energy triangle’ aspects, namely economic, security and environmental. Various regions and countries find themselves in different economic, cultural and geopolitical situations which require customised approaches. Moreover, the transition is likely to take significant time, with disruptive technologies emerging in the meantime; therefore, a purely technical solution is unlikely to be viable in the long run. Hence, it would be helpful to complement the supportive, albeit high-level artefacts developed by various global organisations with strategic plans satisfying and abiding by principles that maximise the chances of success. Importantly, such strategic planning must follow a method that is transferable between geographical regions and their local maturity levels in respect to energy triangle viewpoints. This paper describes challenges and highlights of planning such a strategy, including guiding principles for the solution architecture and dynamic business models describing the possible structure and relations between an energy transition programme and its projects.

Julio A. Alvarado Vélez, Nasser Rebaï

En los Andes ecuatorianos, la agricultura familiar se encuentra desde hace varias décadas en una situación de gran vulnerabilidad. A pesar de la reciente renovación del discurso político en Ecuador y del advenimiento de la era del “Buen Vivir”, el auge de la minería constituye un factor adicional de esta vulnerabilidad. En este contexto, el presente artículo, basado en los resultados de una investigación desarrollada en la parroquia Victoria del Portete, en la provincial de Azuay, propone analizar la situación actual del campesinado en esta zona, antes de discutir la necesidad de repensar el desarrollo de los territorios rurales en Azuay y en el resto de la sierra ecuatoriana a partir del fortalecimiento de las organizaciones campesinas.

Irena Sawicka

Robert Elsie – obituary (*29 June 1950 – †2 October 2017) This obituary outlines the professional career and work of Robert Elsie, an outstanding specialist in Albanian studies.   Robert Elsie – wspomnienie pośmiertne (*29 czerwca 1950 – †2 października 2017) Tekst wspomnienia przedstawia drogę naukową i dorobek wybitnego albanologa Roberta Elsiego.

Maguaré Revista

Publicados en Maguaré, volumen 26 (2012)

E A Grigorieva

Methodology for complex ecological-climatological assessment of the territory was developed and approved for the Jewish Autonomous Region at the south of the Russian Far East; as a result three zones were picked out with different life-support conditions.

Osvaldo Baldacci

Manuel Gárate