Hasil untuk "Ancient history"

A. Anguissola

Anna Anguissola teaches classical archaeology at the University of Pisa. Her principal research on Greco-Roman visual, material and literary culture has focused on urban development, the relationship between Greek and Roman art, the history and techniques of ancient sculpture, the Greek and Latin literary sources on the figural arts and the reception of classical art in later periods. She is the author of Supports in Roman Marble Sculpture: Workshop Practice and Modes of Viewing (Cambridge 2018), Difficillima imitatio. Immagine e lessico delle copie tra Grecia e Roma (Rome 2012) and Intimità a Pompei: Riservatezza, condivisione e prestigio negli ambienti ad alcova di Pompei (Berlin 2010). She coordinates the University of Pisa’s field research in Pompeii’s Regio II and in the northern and southwestern burial grounds of Hierapolis in Phrygia.

N. Ramsay, B. Glover

Scott A. Taylor, E. Larson

P. Soltis, D. Marchant, Y. Van de Peer et al.

W. Sessions, Clarence J. Glacken

M. Gillings

Anusha M. Krishnan, Francesco Pediconi

We prove a precompactness theorem for invariant metrics on compact homogeneous spaces without injectivity radius bounds, assuming uniform bounds on the diameter and on all derivatives of the curvature tensor. As a consequence, we prove that every ancient homogeneous Ricci flow on a compact manifold admits a blow-down sequence that converges to a gradient shrinking Ricci soliton.

Henry Harpending, M. Batzer, M. Gurven et al.

M. Kirin, R. McQuillan, C. Franklin et al.

The human genome is characterised by many runs of homozygous genotypes, where identical haplotypes were inherited from each parent. The length of each run is determined partly by the number of generations since the common ancestor: offspring of cousin marriages have long runs of homozygosity (ROH), while the numerous shorter tracts relate to shared ancestry tens and hundreds of generations ago. Human populations have experienced a wide range of demographic histories and hold diverse cultural attitudes to consanguinity. In a global population dataset, genome-wide analysis of long and shorter ROH allows categorisation of the mainly indigenous populations sampled here into four major groups in which the majority of the population are inferred to have: (a) recent parental relatedness (south and west Asians); (b) shared parental ancestry arising hundreds to thousands of years ago through long term isolation and restricted effective population size (Ne), but little recent inbreeding (Oceanians); (c) both ancient and recent parental relatedness (Native Americans); and (d) only the background level of shared ancestry relating to continental Ne (predominantly urban Europeans and East Asians; lowest of all in sub-Saharan African agriculturalists), and the occasional cryptically inbred individual. Moreover, individuals can be positioned along axes representing this demographic historic space. Long runs of homozygosity are therefore a globally widespread and under-appreciated characteristic of our genomes, which record past consanguinity and population isolation and provide a distinctive record of the demographic history of an individual's ancestors. Individual ROH measures will also allow quantification of the disease risk arising from polygenic recessive effects.

Isaac M. Lopez, Rio Schillmoeller

We introduce a dynamical energy functional on compact ancient asymptotically Ricci-flat Ricci flows with modest decay using limits of conjugate heat flows. This functional satisfies a steady Ricci breather-type rigidity and provides an upper bound for the ordinary $λ$-functional while retaining many of its properties. In addition, motivated by work of Colding and Minicozzi, we derive local eigenvalue estimates for normalized Ricci flows coupled with conjugate heat flows.

Luc Brisson, Salomon Ofman

Some of the most challenging problems in Timaeus' cosmology arise from the geometry of a universe without any void. On the one hand, the universe is spherical in shape; on the other hand, it must be entirely filled with the four basic particles that make up all bodies in the universe, each shaped like one of four regular polyhedra (cubes, tetrahedra, octahedra and icosahedra). The faces of all these particles are composed of right triangles. However, this leads to two mathematical impossibilities. 1. Obtaining a spherical surface from linear surfaces, as it is impossible to create a circle from straight lines. 2. Obtaining a complete tiling of a sphere using regular polyhedra, without any voids or intersections between these polyhedra. The first problem is addressed in another article slated for publication. In the present one, our focus will be on the second problem, for which we will present a solution within the framework of Timaeus' cosmology. The crux of this solution lies in a feature of Timaeus' universe that sets it apart from almost all ancient cosmologies. Instead of being composed of rigid parts, it is a dynamic living body in which all basic components are in constant motion, continuously undergoing both destruction and reconstruction. In the first part, we examine the main features of Timaeus' cosmology relevant to our issue. In the second part, we analyze the paradox in details and its consequences for Timaeus' cosmology. We then discuss the common 'solutions' and highlight their shortcomings. Finally, we propose a solution that we believe is consistent with Plato's text and independent of the choice of the major schools of interpretation of the Timaeus.

Lukáš Likavčan

SETI is not a usual point of departure for environmental humanities. However, this paper argues that theories originating in this field have direct implications for how we think about viable inhabitation of the Earth. To demonstrate SETI's impact on environmental humanities, this paper introduces Fermi paradox as a speculative tool to probe possible trajectories of planetary history, and especially the "Sustainability Solution" proposed by Jacob Haqq-Misra and Seth Baum. This solution suggests that sustainable coupling between extraterrestrial intelligences and their planetary environments is the major factor in the possibility of their successful detection by remote observation. By positing that exponential growth is not a sustainable development pattern, this solution rules out space-faring civilizations colonizing solar systems or galaxies. This paper elaborates on Haqq-Misra's and Baum's arguments, and discusses speculative implications of the Sustainability Solution, thus rethinking three concepts in environmental humanities: technosphere, planetary history, and sustainability. The paper advocates that (1) technosphere is a transitory layer that shall fold back into biosphere; (2) planetary history must be understood in a generic perspective that abstracts from terrestrial particularities; and (3) sustainability is not sufficient vector of viable human inhabitation of the Earth, suggesting instead habitability and genesity as better candidates.

Danlu Chen, Freda Shi, Aditi Agarwal et al.

Standard natural language processing (NLP) pipelines operate on symbolic representations of language, which typically consist of sequences of discrete tokens. However, creating an analogous representation for ancient logographic writing systems is an extremely labor intensive process that requires expert knowledge. At present, a large portion of logographic data persists in a purely visual form due to the absence of transcription -- this issue poses a bottleneck for researchers seeking to apply NLP toolkits to study ancient logographic languages: most of the relevant data are images of writing. This paper investigates whether direct processing of visual representations of language offers a potential solution. We introduce LogogramNLP, the first benchmark enabling NLP analysis of ancient logographic languages, featuring both transcribed and visual datasets for four writing systems along with annotations for tasks like classification, translation, and parsing. Our experiments compare systems that employ recent visual and text encoding strategies as backbones. The results demonstrate that visual representations outperform textual representations for some investigated tasks, suggesting that visual processing pipelines may unlock a large amount of cultural heritage data of logographic languages for NLP-based analyses.

Fanizzi, Federica

This study aims to provide an epigraphic and contextual analysis of the graffiti on the pier of the acropolis of Monte Sannace. The data, of exceptional significance, are valuable especially considering the extensive research conducted on abecedaria and ancient languages of the Mediterranean. The document includes four abecedaria and other six graffiti which are analyzed in relation to their regional epigraphic landscape and through a comparison coherent with their micro-epigraphic context.

Peter Galison, Juliusz Doboszewski, Jamee Elder et al.

This white paper outlines the plans of the History Philosophy Culture Working Group of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration.

Theodora Bourni, Benjamin Richards

We construct a translating solution to anisotropic curve shortening flow and show that for a given anisotropic factor $g:S^1\to\mathbb{R}_+$, and a given direction and speed, this translator is unique. We then construct an ancient compact solution to anisotropic curve shortening flow, and show that this solution, along with the appropriate translating solution, are the unique solutions to anisotropic curve shortening flow that lie in a slab of a given width and no smaller.

Dongbo Wang, Chang Liu, Zhixiao Zhao et al.

In the context of the rapid development of large language models, we have meticulously trained and introduced the GujiBERT and GujiGPT language models, which are foundational models specifically designed for intelligent information processing of ancient texts. These models have been trained on an extensive dataset that encompasses both simplified and traditional Chinese characters, allowing them to effectively handle various natural language processing tasks related to ancient books, including but not limited to automatic sentence segmentation, punctuation, word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, entity recognition, and automatic translation. Notably, these models have exhibited exceptional performance across a range of validation tasks using publicly available datasets. Our research findings highlight the efficacy of employing self-supervised methods to further train the models using classical text corpora, thus enhancing their capability to tackle downstream tasks. Moreover, it is worth emphasizing that the choice of font, the scale of the corpus, and the initial model selection all exert significant influence over the ultimate experimental outcomes. To cater to the diverse text processing preferences of researchers in digital humanities and linguistics, we have developed three distinct categories comprising a total of nine model variations. We believe that by sharing these foundational language models specialized in the domain of ancient texts, we can facilitate the intelligent processing and scholarly exploration of ancient literary works and, consequently, contribute to the global dissemination of China's rich and esteemed traditional culture in this new era.

J. Grotzinger, D. Fike, W. Fischer

Letian Chen

We show existence of ancient solutions to the rescaled mean curvature flow starting from a given asymptotically conical self-expander. These are examples of mean curvature flows coming out of cones that are not self-similar. We also show a strong uniqueness theorem when the cone is generic and use it to classify mean curvature flows coming out of generic cones of small entropy in low dimensions.

Gerald A. Goldin

Prediction of ``anyons'', often attributed exclusively to Wilczek, came first from Leinaas & Myrheim in 1977, and independently from Goldin, Menikoff, & Sharp in 1980-81. In 2020, experimentalists successfully created anyonic excitations. This paper discusses why the possibility of quantum particles in two-dimensional space with intermediate exchange statistics eluded physicists for so long after bosons and fermions were understood. The history suggests ideas for the preparation of future researchers. I conclude by addressing failures to attribute scientific achievements accurately. Such practices disproportionately hurt women and minorities in physics, and are harmful to science.