Hasil untuk "Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying"

Saeid Pourroostaei Ardakani, Georgios Kapogiannis, Mohammed Al-khafajiy et al.

Annukka Sailo

Gabriella Palermo, Andrea Simone

This paper presents the preliminary findings of a militant research project on healthcare geographies, rooted in the mutualistic and transfeminist politics of the social spaces we are part of (Ambulatorio Popolare Borgo Vecchio in Palermo and Nonna Roma in Rome), both as researchers and as activists.

Leonardo Zaffi, Michele D'Ostuni

Yona Friedman’s vision of employing Urban Agriculture to eliminate the city’s dependence on the countryside by liberating agricultural land from exploitation is more pertinent than ever. In a world where cities are sustained by food produced in increasingly remote locations and the environmental impact of the agri-food supply chain grows ever more unsustainable, it is imperative to reconsider the relationship between urbanised areas and food production. Advances in soil-free cultivation technologies present new opportunities to integrate productive vegetation into urban and residential spaces. If deprived of utopian connotations, this approach invites reflection on the need for innovative design paradigms that integrate the built environment with cultivated spaces, fostering widespread and symbiotic interactions to promote sustainable regeneration.

Mariana Cicuto, Camila Moreno de Camargo

Este trabalho apresenta os debates acadêmicos sobre os modos de produção da moradia no Brasil em processos que inscrevem a autoconstrução, o mutirão e a autogestão. Para tanto, apresentamos um percurso histórico com pelo menos dois períodos que se atrelam a experiências práticas: o primeiro, entre as décadas de 1970 e 1990, em que pesquisas buscavam constituir novas formas de representação da cidade periférica a partir da compreensão da autoconstrução e do mutirão vinculado à produção de moradia, da emergência dos movimentos sociais e da atuação das assessorias técnicas que se formavam nesse processo. Num segundo período, inscrito entre as décadas de 1990 e 2000, o debate anterior é revisitado a partir das experiências emblemáticas que envolveram a autogestão em alguns territórios do país. Apesar dos conceitos apresentados possuírem definições distintas, estão interligados na trajetória do processo participativo dos movimentos sociais e assessorias técnicas, que atuam em um campo de trabalho interdisciplinar junto à população de baixa renda. A organização dos períodos acerca de conceitos e práticas variados, poderá fornecer chaves para o novo quadro de legibilidade que flagra vínculos complexos, com consequências nada desprezíveis para o rearranjo do campo de forças entre movimentos sociais e reforma urbana, o Estado e o mercado imobiliário, na operação de um novo diagrama de relações entre produção de moradia e luta pela apropriação da cidade.

Wenbo Lu, Jinhua Xu, Peikun Li et al.

Metro operation management relies on accurate predictions of passenger flow in the future. This study begins by integrating cross-city (including source and target city) knowledge and developing a short-term passenger flow prediction framework (METcross) for the metro. Firstly, we propose a basic framework for modeling cross-city metro passenger flow prediction from the perspectives of data fusion and transfer learning. Secondly, METcross framework is designed to use both static and dynamic covariates as inputs, including economy and weather, that help characterize station passenger flow features. This framework consists of two steps: pre-training on the source city and fine-tuning on the target city. During pre-training, data from the source city trains the feature extraction and passenger flow prediction models. Fine-tuning on the target city involves using the source city's trained model as the initial parameter and fusing the feature embeddings of both cities to obtain the passenger flow prediction results. Finally, we tested the basic prediction framework and METcross framework on the metro networks of Wuxi and Chongqing to experimentally analyze their efficacy. Results indicate that the METcross framework performs better than the basic framework and can reduce the Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Squared Error by 22.35% and 26.18%, respectively, compared to single-city prediction models.

Sofía Calderón Campos, Dahian Dimaté Zamudio, Iván Valenzuela Orozco

En Bogotá, durante la coyuntura del COVID-19, las dinámicas del rebusque se transformaron como resultado de las medidas promulgadas por la alcaldía y el gobierno nacional. Las relaciones entre Estado, mercado y ciudadanía se extendieron en medio del recrudecimiento de la precarización y la vulnerabilidad de los cuerpos. En este contexto, este artículo teoriza la categoría del rebusque dentro del cosmos relacional de las tiendas de barrio de Bogotá y de las transformaciones que estas enfrentaron en los primeros meses de la pandemia (mayo-julio de 2020) para acoplarse a la coyuntura y garantizar su supervivencia económica. Nuestro análisis se despliega a partir de tres ejes: las dificultades económicas específicas afrontadas por los tenderos y tenderas de barrio, la tensión introducida por el rebusque para la dicotomía formal/informal y, por último, las formas como los tenderos y tenderas de barrio teorizan la política, el estado y las insti­tuciones. En cuanto a la metodología, empleamos la etnografía como aliada teórico-práctica y nos valimos de los métodos de la observación participante y entrevistas abiertas para construir nuestras reflexiones. Concluimos que las tiendas de barrio de Bogotá se vieron afectadas negativamente por las medidas institucionales adoptadas, viéndose empujadas a transformar sus dinámicas de interacción con la clientela para poder sobrevivir económicamente. El rebusque se constituye relacionalmente como una expresión de la precarización económica y, en nuestro caso de estudio, muestra la decadencia de la fantasía neoliberal resaltando su cara violenta e insegura.

Annisaa Farah Fitriana, Regan Leonardus Kaswanto, Nurhayati Hadi Susilo Arifin

The Green Open Space (RTH) development program for 2021-2025 states that Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) of Banyumas Regency manages city parks in Purwokerto City. Despite the fact that developments and optimisations took place in both 2021 and 2022, landscape conditions still need attention. So, this study aims to evaluate the management of urban parks’ landscapes and to analyse perceptions of community members who visited the city parks across Purwokerto City regarding city park management. Study findings will be used to develop a sustainable landscape management strategy. This research implements a mixed method in data collection, a Chi-Square test, and a SWOT-based analysis. Results show landscape management works well when intensive maintenance is enforced despite labour shortages. Visitors’ perception is central in assessing the management of a city park, especially when analysis is done based on the most significant Chi-Square test results. Male respondents of Taman Satria Berkoh and male-female respondents to Purwokerto Square have a strong perception of the role of temperature comfort and performance of park managers in landscape management. Respondents aged between 26-34 years in Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, as well as respondents with status as residents of Purwokerto City and Banyumas Regency in Ahmad Yani Literacy Park, focused their perceptions on the importance of facilities provision in landscape management. Ultimately, this research proposes a landscape management strategy of "hold and maintain." Keywords: city park; landscape manajement; Purwokerto city; visitor perseption Abstrak Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) Kabupaten Banyumas mengelola taman kota di Kota Purwokerto dalam program pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) 2021-2025. Meskipun ada pengembangan dan optimalisasi di tahun 2021-2022, kondisi lanskap masih perlu diperhatikan. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi manajemen lanskap taman kota dan menganalisis persepsi pengunjung taman kota di Kota Purwokerto. Hasilnya akan digunakan untuk menyusun strategi manajemen lanskap yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis mix method, uji Chi-Square, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa manajemen lanskap taman berjalan baik menggunakan pemeliharaan intensif, meskipun ada kekurangan tenaga kerja. Persepsi pengunjung menjadi sorotan utama penilaian taman, terutama berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square yang paling signifikan. Dari jenis kelamin, responden laki-laki di Taman Satria Berkoh dan responden laki-laki maupun perempuan di Alun-Alun Purwokerto, mempunyai persepsi yang kuat terhadap kenyamanan suhu, dan kinerja pengelola taman dalam pengelolaan lanskap. Responden yang berusia antara 26-34 tahun di Taman Mas Apung Kemambang, serta responden dengan status sebagai warga Kota Purwokerto dan Kabupaten Banyumas di Taman Literasi Ahmad Yani, memfokuskan persepsinya akan pentingnya penyediaan fasilitas dalam pengelolaan lanskap. Hasil strategi manajemen lanskap yang dikembangkan dan diusulkan adalah "hold and maintain”. Kata kunci: taman kota; manajemen lanskap; Kota Purwokerto; persepsi pengunjung

Sílvia Jorge, Vanessa Melo

Eckart Ehlers, Gislaine Elizete Beloto

Uma série de modelos de forma urbana são examinados numa perspectiva transcultural. Sem pretender ser abrangente e baseado, em grande parte, nas descobertas de pesquisadores de língua alemã, argumenta-se que existem vários modelos de forma urbana que servem como representações descritivas úteis de condições culturais e históricas específicas. Todavia, tais modelos são, na sua maioria, aplicáveis ao tecido urbano histórico de um mundo pré-globalizado e têm valor limitado fora dos núcleos históricos das vilas e cidades tradicionais.

Pandhu Putra Pratama, Arina Hayati, Asri Dinapradipta

In several big cities in Indonesia, there are numerous cases of abandoned buildings due to delays in the construction process. Some of these buildings even remain abandoned and underused for an extended period. In line with this condition, cities experience a high level of urbanization that cause places tremendous pressure on urban spaces, especially green open spaces. This paper discusses Parasitic Architecture as an alternative design approach to address this issue. It proposes to use abandoned buildings as public facilities and is presented in sections. First, it reviews the concepts and principles of Parasitic Architecture, followed by observational studies using a contextual analysis to explore the context and function of abandoned buildings. The exploration results indicate a potential to apply Parasitic Architecture's concepts and principles in redesigning abandoned buildings and turning them into public facilities, particularly into green open spaces. In this context, the paper views Parasitic Architecture plays a vital role in providing innovative spatial and structural configurations to reorient the use of unused buildings for public functions. Keywords: abandoned building; contextual analysis; parasitic architecture; green open space Abstrak Di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia, banyak kasus bangunan terbengkalai akibat adanya kemunduran dalam proses konstruksi. Beberapa dari bangunan tersebut malahan terlalaikan dan tidak dimanfaatkan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Seiring dengan permasalahan ini, kota-kota besar mengalami peningkatan jumlah urbanisasi yang menyebabkan ruang perkotaan semakin berkurang termasuk untuk ruang terbuka hijau kota. Paper ini membahas bagaimana parasitic architecture digunakan sebagai pendekatan perancangan untuk merespon permasalahan dengan memanfaatkan bangunan terbengkalai agar dapat berfungsi kembali dan dijadikan sebagai fasilitas atau ruang publik. Pertama, dilakukan kajian teori tentang konsep dan prinsip parasitic architecture, dilanjutkan dengan mengeksplorasi konteks dan fungsi bangunan terbengkalai melalui studi observasi dengan analisis kontekstual. Hasil eksplorasi menjelaskan terdapat potensi untuk menerapkan konsep dan prinsip parasitic architecture dalam perancangan kembali bangunan terbengkalai menjadi fasilitas publik, khususnya ruang terbuka hijau. Dalam konteks ini, parasitic architecture dipandang sebagai pendekatan perancangan berperan penting dalam pengadaan konfigurasi ruang dan struktur inovatif yang mampu mengalihkan bangunan terbengkalai menjadi ruang berfungsi publik.  Kata kunci: bangunan terbengkalai; analisis kontesktual; parasitic architecture; ruang terbuka hijau

Zhanyu Liu, Guanjie Zheng, Yanwei Yu

Traffic forecasting is a critical service in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Utilizing deep models to tackle this task relies heavily on data from traffic sensors or vehicle devices, while some cities might lack device support and thus have few available data. So, it is necessary to learn from data-rich cities and transfer the knowledge to data-scarce cities in order to improve the performance of traffic forecasting. To address this problem, we propose a cross-city few-shot traffic forecasting framework via Traffic Pattern Bank (TPB) due to that the traffic patterns are similar across cities. TPB utilizes a pre-trained traffic patch encoder to project raw traffic data from data-rich cities into high-dimensional space, from which a traffic pattern bank is generated through clustering. Then, the traffic data of the data-scarce city could query the traffic pattern bank and explicit relations between them are constructed. The metaknowledge is aggregated based on these relations and an adjacency matrix is constructed to guide a downstream spatial-temporal model in forecasting future traffic. The frequently used meta-training framework Reptile is adapted to find a better initial parameter for the learnable modules. Experiments on real-world traffic datasets show that TPB outperforms existing methods and demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in cross-city few-shot traffic forecasting.

Danfeng Hong, Bing Zhang, Hao Li et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches nowadays have gained remarkable success in single-modality-dominated remote sensing (RS) applications, especially with an emphasis on individual urban environments (e.g., single cities or regions). Yet these AI models tend to meet the performance bottleneck in the case studies across cities or regions, due to the lack of diverse RS information and cutting-edge solutions with high generalization ability. To this end, we build a new set of multimodal remote sensing benchmark datasets (including hyperspectral, multispectral, SAR) for the study purpose of the cross-city semantic segmentation task (called C2Seg dataset), which consists of two cross-city scenes, i.e., Berlin-Augsburg (in Germany) and Beijing-Wuhan (in China). Beyond the single city, we propose a high-resolution domain adaptation network, HighDAN for short, to promote the AI model's generalization ability from the multi-city environments. HighDAN is capable of retaining the spatially topological structure of the studied urban scene well in a parallel high-to-low resolution fusion fashion but also closing the gap derived from enormous differences of RS image representations between different cities by means of adversarial learning. In addition, the Dice loss is considered in HighDAN to alleviate the class imbalance issue caused by factors across cities. Extensive experiments conducted on the C2Seg dataset show the superiority of our HighDAN in terms of segmentation performance and generalization ability, compared to state-of-the-art competitors. The C2Seg dataset and the semantic segmentation toolbox (involving the proposed HighDAN) will be available publicly at https://github.com/danfenghong.

Nirbhay Patil, Jean-Pierre Nadal, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

We analyse the income distributions of cities in France and the scaling of the income of different deciles as a function of the population. We find a significant difference in the scaling exponents for the richer and poorer parts of the population, implying an unequivocal rise in inequalities in larger cities, made worse by living costs that are disproportionately higher for the poor. We find that the distribution of revenues of cities in France has a universal, Gumbel-like form, with mean and variance growing with the logarithm of population. We show how this result directly implies different income scaling exponents as a function of decile. We also study the spatial correlations of income and population, which decay exponentially with distance. We find that large cities are not more income-segregated than small cities. Finally, we search for couplings between social and economic factors, like age and income, and propose a toy model that reproduces some of our observations.

Andrés Viedma Guiard

Resumen Esta comunicación tiene como objeto el origen y planteamiento metodológico de una investigación predoctoral en desarrollo, que aborda las principales transformaciones urbano-territoriales de la Región de Murcia en las últimas décadas y su relación con las dinámicas socioeconómicas y políticas en un contexto de neoliberalización, evaluando el papel del planeamiento urbanístico y la ordenación territorial en su implementación, con especial atención al desarrollo territorial de la agroindustria destinada a la exportación, los procesos de urbanización y el modelo turístico litoral. El análisis de estos procesos y de su papel en el colapso medioambiental posibilita el desarrollo de un diagnóstico integral que identifique cuáles son las líneas de actuación posibles desde el planeamiento urbano y territorial, permitiendo poner en marcha estrategias de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático para hacer frente a la transición ecológica en la Región de Murcia desde parámetros de eficacia medioambiental y justicia social. Abstract The purpose of this communication is the origin and methodological approach of a predoctoral research in development, which addresses the main urban-territorial transformations of the Region of Murcia in recent decades and their relationship with socioeconomic and political dynamics in a context of neoliberalization, evaluating the role of urban and territorial planning in its implementation, with special attention to the territorial development of agro-industry for export, urbanization processes and the coastal tourism model. The analysis of these processes and their role in the environmental collapse makes possible the development of an integral diagnosis that identifies the possible lines of action from the urban and territorial planning, allowing the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change to face the ecological transition in the Region of Murcia from parameters of environmental efficiency and social justice.

Athanasios Batakis, Thi-Thuy-Nga Nguyen, Michel Zinsmeister

In the first part of this paper we propose a new theoretical model of city growth based on percolation. The second half oh the paper is devoted to a concrete application of the model, namely to the city of Montargis. It appears that the embedded algorithm is quite efficient in terms of computational time and allows to exploit big data type ressources such as individual land lots.

Zoran Kostić, Alex Angus, Zhengye Yang et al.

Traffic intersections are the most suitable locations for the deployment of computing, communications, and intelligence services for smart cities of the future. The abundance of data to be collected and processed, in combination with privacy and security concerns, motivates the use of the edge-computing paradigm which aligns well with physical intersections in metropolises. This paper focuses on high-bandwidth, low-latency applications, and in that context it describes: (i) system design considerations for smart city intersection intelligence nodes; (ii) key technological components including sensors, networking, edge computing, low latency design, and AI-based intelligence; and (iii) applications such as privacy preservation, cloud-connected vehicles, a real-time "radar-screen", traffic management, and monitoring of pedestrian behavior during pandemics. The results of the experimental studies performed on the COSMOS testbed located in New York City are illustrated. Future challenges in designing human-centered smart city intersections are summarized.

Joseph R. Burger, Jordan G. Okie, Ian Hatton et al.

Understanding scaling relations of social and environmental attributes of urban systems is necessary for effectively managing cities. Urban scaling theory (UST) has assumed that population density scales positively with city size. We present a new global analysis using a publicly available database of 933 cities from 38 countries. Our results showed that (18/38) 47% of countries analyzed supported increasing density scaling (pop ~ area) with exponents ~5/6 as UST predicts. In contrast, 17 of 38 countries (~45%) exhibited density scalings statistically indistinguishable from constant population densities across cities of varying sizes. These results were generally consistent in years spanning four decades from 1975 to 2015. Importantly, density varies by an order of magnitude between regions and countries and decreases in more developed economies. Our results (i) point to how economic and regional differences may affect the scaling of density with city size and (ii) show how understanding country- and region-specific strategies could inform effective management of urban systems for biodiversity, public health, conservation and resiliency from local to global scales.

Lan Wang, Xiji Jiang, Xinhu Li

Elena Tarsi, Massimo Carta

Le misure anti-contagio legate all’emergenza sanitaria da COVID-19 decise da molti governi nazionali, hanno avuto un impatto devastante sull’industria del turismo, mettendo in luce con estrema chiarezza la fragilità di un sistema che, pur producendo enormi profitti, trasforma profondamente i luoghi interessati, la percezione che ne hanno abitanti e visitatori e la loro capacità di resilienza. Il contributo riflette sul caso di Firenze e sulla progressiva specializzazione turistica del suo centro storico, presentando un bilancio delle politiche adottate fino ad oggi e avanzando alcune prospettive per una rinnovata strategia che vada oltre il post-COVID-19. L’inedito paesaggio di un centro deserto, sperimentato alla fine del lockdown, è lo specchio di un vuoto di senso, di una cesura nella relazione tra tessuti urbani e corpo sociale della città, determinatosi negli anni della specializzazione verso un turismo di massa. La strategia proposta è quella di investire in un sistema più resiliente che abbia nella rinnovata residenzialità un fattore di riequilibrio e nella rinforzata relazione tra città metropolitana e centro storico una leva di azione per una nuova mixité funzionale, economica e sociale.