Hasil untuk "Technology (General)"

C. López

R. Fichman, C. Kemerer

L. A. Kolahalam, I. K. Viswanath, B. S. Diwakar et al.

Abstract The recent past in the technological development evidenced that evolution in Nanotechnology and nanoscience is the key factor. Nanotechnology is multidisciplinary science which deals with physics, chemistry, materials science and other engineering sciences. The applications of Nanotechnology are spreading in almost all the branches of science and technology. The present review article highlighted the types of nanoparticles and their synthesis methods, characterization techniques. There are many techniques and applications are reported in the last five years but here we strictly focused on the general synthetic approaches and applications of the nanomaterials which provide a general idea to the young researchers.

T. Akyazi, L. Basabe‐Desmonts, F. Benito‐Lopez

Paper-based analytical devices introduce an innovative platform technology for fluid handling and analysis, with wide range of applications, promoting low cost, ease of fabrication/operation and equipment independence. This review gives a general overview on the fabrication techniques reported to date, revealing and discussing their weak points as well as the newest approaches in order to overtake current mass production limitations and therefore commercialisation. Moreover, this review aims especially to highlight novel technologies appearing in literature for the effective handling and controlling of fluids. The lack of flow control is the main problem of paper-based analytical devices, which generates obstacles for marketing and slows down the transition of paper devices from the laboratory into the consumers' hands.

K. Demestichas, N. Peppes, T. Alexakis et al.

Food holds a major role in human beings’ lives and in human societies in general across the planet. The food and agriculture sector is considered to be a major employer at a worldwide level. The large number and heterogeneity of the stakeholders involved from different sectors, such as farmers, distributers, retailers, consumers, etc., renders the agricultural supply chain management as one of the most complex and challenging tasks. It is the same vast complexity of the agriproducts supply chain that limits the development of global and efficient transparency and traceability solutions. The present paper provides an overview of the application of blockchain technologies for enabling traceability in the agri-food domain. Initially, the paper presents definitions, levels of adoption, tools and advantages of traceability, accompanied with a brief overview of the functionality and advantages of blockchain technology. It then conducts an extensive literature review on the integration of blockchain into traceability systems. It proceeds with discussing relevant existing commercial applications, highlighting the relevant challenges and future prospects of the application of blockchain technologies in the agri-food supply chain.

A. Thompson, I. Maskery, R. Leach

G. Nemet

Jun Zhang, R. Chiodini, A. Badr et al.

M. Coccia

H. Haken

J. Rodrigues, Dante Borges De Rezende Segundo, Heres Arantes Junqueira et al.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most promising technologies for the near future. Healthcare and well-being will receive great benefits with the evolution of this technology. This paper presents a review of techniques based on IoT for healthcare and ambient-assisted living, defined as the Internet of Health Things (IoHT), based on the most recent publications and products available in the market from industry for this segment. Also, this paper identifies the technological advances made so far, analyzing the challenges to be overcome and provides an approach of future trends. Through selected works, it is possible to notice that further studies are important to improve current techniques and that novel concept and technologies of IoHT are needed to overcome the identified challenges. The presented results aim to serve as a source of information for healthcare providers, researchers, technology specialists, and the general population to improve the IoHT.

F. Becker, K. Axhausen

Xingliang Ma, Qinlong Zhu, Yuanling Chen et al.

J. T. ten Kate, G. Smit, P. Breedveld

Abstract Goal: This paper aims to provide an overview with quantitative information of existing 3D-printed upper limb prostheses. We will identify the benefits and drawbacks of 3D-printed devices to enable improvement of current devices based on the demands of prostheses users. Methods: A review was performed using Scopus, Web of Science and websites related to 3D-printing. Quantitative information on the mechanical and kinematic specifications and 3D-printing technology used was extracted from the papers and websites. Results: The overview (58 devices) provides the general specifications, the mechanical and kinematic specifications of the devices and information regarding the 3D-printing technology used for hands. The overview shows prostheses for all different upper limb amputation levels with different types of control and a maximum material cost of $500. Conclusion: A large range of various prostheses have been 3D-printed, of which the majority are used by children. Evidence with respect to the user acceptance, functionality and durability of the 3D-printed hands is lacking. Contrary to what is often claimed, 3D-printing is not necessarily cheap, e.g., injection moulding can be cheaper. Conversely, 3D-printing provides a promising possibility for individualization, e.g., personalized socket, colour, shape and size, without the need for adjusting the production machine. Implications for rehabilitation Upper limb deficiency is a condition in which a part of the upper limb is missing as a result of a congenital limb deficiency of as a result of an amputation. A prosthetic hand can restore some of the functions of a missing limb and help the user in performing activities of daily living. Using 3D-printing technology is one of the solutions to manufacture hand prostheses. This overview provides information about the general, mechanical and kinematic specifications of all the devices and it provides the information about the 3D-printing technology used to print the hands.

Ricardo Gonzalez, M. Horowitz

Hisaaki Shinkai, Masao Takamoto, Hidetoshi Katori

Optical lattice clocks (OLCs) enable us to measure time and frequency with a fractional uncertainty at $10^{-18}$ level, which is 2 orders of magnitude better than Cs clocks. In this article, after briefly reviewing OLCs and the history of testing the fundamental principles of general relativity, we report our experiments of measuring the gravitational redshift between RIKEN and The University of Tokyo, and at Tokyo Skytree using transportable OLCs. We also discuss a couple of future applications of OLCs, such as detecting gravitational waves in space and relativistic geodesy. The possibility of testing second-order parametrized post-Newtonian potential around the Earth is also mentioned.

Nicholas H. Tenev

This paper studies a model of technology adoption: a manager tries to induce a group of workers to exert costly effort to vet a new technology before they choose whether to use it. The manager finds it too costly to simultaneously replace large groups of unproductive workers, so they shirk when coordination is possible. Widely applicable technology expands productive possibilities but also provides an opportunity for coordinated shirking, and can thus lead to widespread production failure. Furthermore, even workers who learn that they are using flawed technology may continue to do so. Applications include mortgage securitization in the financial crisis of 2008, and the adoption of generative artificial intelligence.

Roberto Montemanni, Sara Ceschia, Andrea Schaerf

Home healthcare has become more and more central in the last decades, due to the advantages it can bring to both healthcare institutions and patients. Planning activities in this context, however, presents significant challenges related to route planning and mutual synchronization of caregivers.In this paper we propose a new compact model for the combined optimization of scheduling (of the activities) and routing (of the caregivers) characterized by fewer variables and constraints when compared with the models previously available in the literature. The new model is solved by a constraint programming solver and compared experimentally with the exact and metaheuristic approaches available in the literature on the common datasets adopted by the community. The results show that the new model provides improved lower bounds for the vast majority of the instances, while producing at the same time high quality heuristic solutions, comparable to those of tailored metaheuristics, for small/medium size instances.

Anelda van der Walt, Kim Martin, Sumir Panji et al.

Robert A. Reiser, Alison A. Carr-Chellman, John Dempsey