Hasil untuk "Special types of environment"

B. Pan, B. Xing

G. Foschini, Z. Miljanic

J. L. Wilson

Michael N Moore

S. Benjamin, E. Masai, N. Kamimura et al.

A. Ghaly, R. Ananthashankar, M. Alhattab et al.

T. Skotland, N. P. Hessvik, K. Sandvig et al.

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle released from cells after fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are often enriched in cholesterol, SM, glycosphingolipids, and phosphatidylserine. Lipids not only have a structural role in exosomal membranes but also are essential players in exosome formation and release to the extracellular environment. Our knowledge about the importance of lipids in exosome biology is increasing due to recent technological developments in lipidomics and a stronger focus on the biological functions of these molecules. Here, we review the available information about the lipid composition of exosomes. Special attention is given to ether lipids, a relatively unexplored type of lipids involved in membrane trafficking and abundant in some exosomes. Moreover, we discuss how the lipid composition of exosome preparations may provide useful information about their purity. Finally, we discuss the role of phosphoinositides, membrane phospholipids that help to regulate membrane dynamics, in exosome release and how this process may be linked to secretory autophagy. Knowledge about exosome lipid composition is important to understand the biology of these vesicles and to investigate possible medical applications.

Liane Moura, A. Dias, E. Carvalho et al.

M. Shahjahan, K. Taslima, M. Rahman et al.

The pollution by heavy metals poses a serious threat to the aquatic environment and to the organisms if the concentration of heavy metals in the environment exceeds the safe limits. Due to their non-biodegradable and long persistence nature in the environment, heavy metals cause toxicity in fish by producing oxygen reactive species through oxidizing radical production. In this review, we investigated the effects of heavy metals on fish physiology with special emphasis on hemato-biochemical properties, immunological parameters especially hormones and enzymes, histopathology of different major organs and underlying molecular mechanisms. All those parameters are significantly affected by heavy metal exposure and are found to be important bio-monitoring tools to assess heavy metal toxicity. Hematological and biochemical alterations have been documented including cellular and nuclear abnormalities in different fish species exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals. Major fish organs (gills, liver, kidneys) including intestine, muscles showed different types of pathology specific to organs in acute and chronic exposure to different heavy metals. This study also revealed the expression of different genes involved in oxidative stress and detoxification of heavy metals. In a nutshell, this article shades light on the manipulation of fish physiology by the heavy metals and sought attention in the prevention and maintenance of aquatic environments particularly from heavy metals contaminations.

Wenfeng Wang, Jing Ge, Xiangyang Yu

The prevalence of microplastics in aquatic environments has raised concerns about their availability and risks to aquatic biota. Since fish is an important source of animal protein for human beings, the occurrence and potential impacts of microplastics in fishes deserve special attention. Although there have been an increasing number of studies concerning microplastics ingestion and effects in fish, review papers specifically focusing on this issue are few. This review summarized the current knowledge about the bioavailability and toxicity of microplastics to fish species. By collating literatures, it can be concluded that microplastics contamination could occur in almost all types of aquatic habitats around the globe. Both field and laboratory studies suggest that fishes are very susceptible to microplastics ingestion. Compared with marine species, freshwater fishes have been less studied. Microplastics alone or in combination with other contaminants could cause various health problems to fish after exposure. There still exist some debates over the environmental relevance of the laboratory-based effect studies and the relative contribution of microplastics in increasing the exposure of fish to hazardous chemicals. Hopefully, this review could extend the current knowledge on the ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics contamination to fish and provide guidance for future research.

R. Jia, T. Unsal, Dake Xu et al.

Abstract In nature, microbes tend to form synergistic biofilms on a wide range of materials using extracellular polymeric substances to embed sessile cells. Problematic biofilms provide environments conducive to the occurrence of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in many industries. MIC includes corrosion caused by microbes as well as corrosion by another pre-existing corrosion agent that is accelerated by microbes. There are several distinct types of MIC mechanisms associated with different microbial species and metabolism types. Biofilms employ different defense mechanisms to protect themselves from environmental hazards. This makes sessile cells in biofilms much more resistant to treatment than planktonic cells. Biofilms are often treated with biocides together with physical scrubbing. Various approaches have been developed to boost biocide efficacy. New emerging technologies such as bacterial phages, quorum sensing inhibitors, and special chemicals to enhance biocides have been proposed in recent years. This review evaluates these different treatment methods and various techniques used to assess biocide treatment outcome including microbiology, molecular biology, corrosion testing and electrochemical methods.

C. Tomuleasa, A. Țigu, R. Munteanu et al.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis. Genetic alterations, including mutations, amplifications, and overexpression of certain RTKs, are critical in creating environments conducive to tumor development. Following their discovery, extensive research has revealed how RTK dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis, with many cancer subtypes showing dependency on aberrant RTK signaling for their proliferation, survival and progression. These findings paved the way for targeted therapies that aim to inhibit crucial biological pathways in cancer. As a result, RTKs have emerged as primary targets in anticancer therapeutic development. Over the past two decades, this has led to the synthesis and clinical validation of numerous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), now effectively utilized in treating various cancer types. In this manuscript we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the RTKs in the context of cancer. We explored the various alterations and overexpression of specific receptors across different malignancies, with special attention dedicated to the examination of current RTK inhibitors, highlighting their role as potential targeted therapies. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical evidence, we seek to elucidate the pivotal role of RTKs in cancer biology and the therapeutic efficacy of RTK inhibition with promising treatment outcomes.

Meijia Qiu, Yuxuan Liang, Jiahong Hong et al.

Batteries always encounter uncontrollable failure or performance decay under extreme temperature environments, which is largely limited by the properties of electrolytes. Herein, an entropy-driven hydrated eutectic electrolyte (HEE) with diverse solvation configurations is proposed to expand the operating temperature range of Zn-ion batteries. The HEE possesses over 40 types of Zn2+ solvation structure with uniform distribution, contributing to its much higher solvation configurational entropy compared to the conventional aqueous counterpart (only 6 types). These effectively promotes its anti-freezing ability under ultralow temperatures, with a high ionic conductivity of 0.42 mS cm-1 even at a low temperature of -40 °C. Moreover, the entropy-driven property can simultaneously enhance the thermal stability under a high temperature over +140 °C. Therefore, the HEE can enable full cells stably working over a wide temperature range of -40~+80 °C, performing over 1500 cycles with 100% capacity retention at -40 °C and 1000 cycles with ~72% capacity retention at +80 °C. This inspiring concept of entropy-driven electrolyte with quantized solvation configurational entropy value has charming potential for designing future special batteries with excellent adaptability towards extreme temperature environments.

İlhan Kaya, Muhammet Hanifi Zengin

Artificial reefs are the most innovative and important invention of mankind in the last century, developed to restore marine ecosystems, increase biodiversity, and create a sustainable environment. Artificial reefs have observable socio-economic benefits in addition to the continuity of species living in the aquatic environment, sustainable fishing activities, and environmental effects. In addition to the special standards of the material to be used when creating an artificial reef, such as long-term durability, not containing toxic substances, and being economical, being developed with innovative and different perspectives can contribute to the ecosystem and touch human life. In this context, using concrete types that provide neutral pH and recyclable materials can reduce the environmental impact of projects, and artificial reef projects based on interdisciplinary collaboration will further increase the potential of art to strengthen the relationship between humans and nature. Thus, it can serve both the protection of ecosystems and the creation of a consciousness that encourages people towards environmental sustainability. In addition, projects that bring together the artistic, ecological, and social benefits of artificial reefs will inspire the establishment of stronger ties between environmental protection and cultural production in the future.

Mohammad Reza Hosseini , Mehdi Azizi Mehmandoost

The rapid increase in the use of artificial intelligence comes with challenges and threats. Among these challenges, we can mention the use of unethical solutions, ignoring users' privacy, security concerns related to cyber, fraud and imitation as well as discrimination and inequality. On the other hand, most artificial intelligence technologies act as black boxes and their exact functionality is not known. In this regard, there is a need to formulate rules and regulations of artificial intelligence, as a supporting framework in the design, construction and safe use of this technology. Iran is also facing these challenges; therefore, the need for legislation in the field of artificial intelligence is needed; while no law has been formulated in this field and even the legislative authority for artificial intelligence has not been specified. Therefore, in this research, by examining the laws and policies made in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries of the world and considering the needs of the country, suggestions are presented for legislation in the field of artificial intelligence in Iran. 1. Introduction Blockchain-based financial transactions have developed so rapidly that many countries have yet to keep pace. The relatively steady increase in cryptocurrency prices and the widespread public interest in investing in cryptocurrencies with the hope of huge financial gains, which has led to an increase in the number of cryptocurrency exchanges and the expansion of their activities, has compelled various governments, in accordance with the nature of their governance, to supervise and regulate digital currencies, especially the platforms that facilitate their transactions (cryptocurrency exchanges), regarding the legitimacy or illegitimacy of these institutions, the methods of establishment, the limits and boundaries of the activities of these entities, and their responsibility for the services they provide to their customers on these platforms, to specify and explain their legal approach. On the other hand, despite the increasing influence of these institutions at the national and international levels, due to the relatively widespread gap in the field of legal studies and domestic legislation on the subject of cryptocurrency exchanges, we have sought to study and examine the legal approach of developed countries and the first world - especially the European Union and the United States of America - towards cryptocurrency exchanges, and to compare these two legal approaches with Iranian law on this subject, and finally to provide suggestions for domestic legislators on the supervision and regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges. This research aims to examine the legal approach of developed countries and the first world (the European Union and the United States of America) regarding the establishment, activities, and legal, contractual, and civil liabilities of cryptocurrency exchanges, as well as the challenges and legal solutions of the two aforementioned legal systems with a comparative look at Iranian law, in order to ultimately, through the examination of their legal experiences and comparison of the legal approach of the two mentioned systems, provide suggestions to the Iranian legislator to improve regulation in this area. Therefore, the main research question is how the legal systems of the European Union, the United States, and Iran approach the regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges. Based on this, the sub-questions are formulated as follows: Firstly, what regulations, systems, and conditions are in place for the establishment of cryptocurrency exchanges in our selected legal systems? Secondly, what rules and regulations govern the supervision of the activities and services of these exchanges? Thirdly, how are cryptocurrency exchanges responsible to the relevant authorities and their users? More specifically, what are the criminal, administrative, contractual, and civil liabilities that these three legal systems impose on cryptocurrency exchanges? In domestic studies, despite the existence of numerous articles and books on cryptocurrency law, except for a master thesis written by Mohammad Shiri-Aatashgah in 2023 on the legal impact of centralized and decentralized exchanges on the Iranian economy with an emphasis on the economic aspect of cryptocurrency exchanges, no specific research has been conducted on the law governing cryptocurrency exchanges so far. In the studies of foreign researchers, most of the research has been on the law of cryptocurrency itself from the perspective of different countries; although there has also been research on the regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges in the laws of different countries (including Europe and America), which have rarely been comparative researches. 2. Methodology In this research, we tried to collect and gather information from primary sources (including laws, regulations, directives, bylaws, judicial decisions, etc.) and secondary sources (such as books and articles, theses, research reports, etc.) in scientific research data centers, official and reputable websites, libraries, and similar resources. From the authors' perspective, the title of the research suggests that first, the legal arrangements for establishing cryptocurrency exchanges in each legal system should be addressed, and secondly, the framework for activities and service provision in the selected countries should be explored. The logical order of the research requires the types of liabilities and guarantees in case the exchanges deviate from the regulations of activity in these countries; therefore, the legal study of the regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges in the European Union, the United States, and Iran in these areas has been considered, which is organized under three main titles; the first main title is the area of the establishment, the second main title is the legal framework for the activities of exchanges, and the third main title is the types of liabilities of these exchanges, which include criminal, administrative, contractual, and civil liabilities. 3. Results and Discussion In the European Union, with the adoption of numerous directives, we witness a precise, comprehensive, and well-considered legal system regarding cryptocurrency exchanges, particularly in terms of licensing, customer identification, combating money laundering and terrorist financing, and how exchanges operate while identifying and categorizing the types of services they can provide. In the United States, the laws and regulations governing cryptocurrency exchanges are generally developed and implemented at both the federal and state levels; at the federal level, the main agencies generally view cryptocurrency exchanges as money transmission institutions, and at the state level, despite efforts to create a unified legal system for exchanges, we see a diversity of laws and regulations. Also, due to the common law system of the United States, numerous court cases that have been brought regarding cryptocurrency exchanges will generally create judicial precedents in similar cases. The establishment of a regulatory sandbox in Europe and self-regulation in the United States are notable features of these two legal systems. In Iran, to date, no specific law or regulation has been enacted that directly addresses the issue of cryptocurrency exchanges. This legal vacuum is even more palpable regarding the establishment and licensing of cryptocurrency exchanges, which requires the rectification of the relevant legal deficiencies and, more importantly, their operationalization. This is a very serious weakness in the law governing exchanges in Iran, which has practically placed the establishment of exchanges in Iran in a lawless environment and solely subject to the will of the founders of the exchange. Regarding how exchanges operate in Iran, some circulars and guidelines have been issued that are generally indirectly but relatively extensively related to their operation and activities, which requires, while explicitly stating the laws on the inclusion of financial regulatory regulations on exchanges and, if possible, notifying the CEOs of these institutions of the regulations governing exchanges, like European and American legal systems, by properly implementing a "regulatory sandbox" or "self-regulatory" system, to benefit from these experimental and decentralized institutions in regulating exchanges. In fact, it is suggested for the Iranian legislator that if it decides to develop comprehensive regulations to oversee the activities of cryptocurrency exchanges, until its approval, it should apply quick-to-approve but experimental regulations to exchanges so that, in this way, there is both an opportunity to develop appropriate regulations and to use the positive or negative feedback of experimental regulations in developing final regulations. However, if the Iranian legislator decides to enact interventionist regulations to oversee the activities of exchanges, it is recommended that at least by granting more supervisory power and authority to domestic self-regulatory bodies, such as the Computer Systems Engineers Association, the Association of Financial Technologies, and the Blockchain Technologists Association, in the more accurate implementation and execution of this American regulatory system in the law governing exchanges in Iran, a significant step should be taken towards indirectly supervising Iranian cryptocurrency exchanges. In addition, the imposition and implementation of income tax regulations on exchanges and the transactions conducted on their platforms can be fruitful in the light of clause 17 of the general policies of "resistance economy" announced by the leadership, aimed at reforming the government's revenue system by increasing the share of tax revenues. In addition, given the international nature of digital currency transactions on the blockchain and the huge investments of Iranian citizens in the digital currency market, regulations should be enacted and implemented to restrict capital outflows from the country, such as imposing daily deposit limits. Regarding the liabilities of cryptocurrency exchanges, it seems that apart from their administrative/professional liability (which, of course, includes cryptocurrency exchanges according to subsequent regulations) and their criminal liability (which is subject to the general criminal regulations of the country), the legislator's attention to the contractual and civil liabilities of exchanges towards their users in terms of consumer protection has been largely neglected, and it is recommended that specific legal mechanisms be created (such as obligating exchanges to insure customers' assets or monitoring the system of charging fees by exchanges from users) to protect consumers (exchange users) - who are considered the weaker party in the exchange-user relationship - through bodies such as the "Consumer Protection Organization", in order to, while adjusting the unilateral contracts of exchanges against users, create a reasonable balance between the rights and obligations of exchanges and their users. 4. Conclusions and Future Research Overall, it seems that the few domestic regulations that have been developed in the field of cryptocurrency law have generally been about cryptocurrencies in general and have not been specific to the requirements of cryptocurrency exchanges. This is while the institution of cryptocurrency exchanges, due to their prominent role in the world of digital currencies, requires special regulations. Special legislation for the institution of exchanges is more important than legislation for cryptocurrencies themselves; because, given the centralized nature of exchanges, these institutions are more amenable to being regulated than cryptocurrencies themselves, which are typically decentralized. In fact, the domestic legislator has not yet fully considered the high economic potential of cryptocurrency exchanges and, of course, their potential threats in developing and implementing regulations in this area, and in this regard, there is still a lot of room for improvement in its legal policy to reach the desired global level - compared to the first-level legal systems of the world, including the European Union and the United States of America.

N. Y. SHEMYHON, O. M. AKIMOVA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2074-8922-2025-84-08 (VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL) EDUCATION INSTITUTION: THEORETICALASPECT Purpose. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and modern educational practice, to identify the main barriers to ensuring equal opportunities for students with special needs while studying in the system of vocational education. Methods. To solve the purpose of the study, a set of theoretical methods was used: analysis of scientific literature, regulatory documents and legislative acts; study of the modern educational space of inclusive infrastructure in vocational (vocational-technical) education institutions of Ukraine and Europe; comparison, generalization, systematization of theoretical data. Results. The current state of accessibility of the educational environment of VET institutions for people with special educational needs is considered. The conditions of accessibility of vocational education for students with special educational needs are analyzed, certain types of barriers to the implementation of inclusion are identified, which can be grouped into three main areas: social adaptation to the educational environment, accessibility of educational products during full-time and distance learning, and the use of information, computer and assistive technologies. Conclusions. The main barriers to the inclusive educational space of VET institutions are pedagogical barriers related to the choice of teaching methods in accordance with the student's nosology, the use of information, computer and assistive technologies, insufficient training of teachers, and the lack of support staff. Technological barriers related to technological tools and components in the distance learning system and their accessibility for students with special needs. For educators, there are certain challenges in choosing the appropriate methodology, information and computer tools that will not only meet learning objectives, but also facilitate joint interaction between teachers and students with and without special needs. Individual barriers that relate to both students with special needs and normative students, namely, communication barriers. The lack of experience of interaction between these two groups of students prevents the real inclusion of students with disabilities in the educational and social space of a VET institution In cites: Shemyhon N.Y., Akimova O. M. (2025). Barriers to inclusive educational space of a vocational (vocational-technical) education institution: theoretical aspect. Problems of Engineering Pedagogic Education, (84), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.26565/2074-8922-2025-84-08 (in Ukrainian)

Fakhar Islam, A. Imran, F. Nosheen et al.

Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids may be derived from a variety of sources and could be incorporated into a balanced diet. They protect against a wide range of illnesses, including cancer osteoarthritis and autoimmune problems. The PUFAs, ω‐6, and ω‐3 fatty acids, which are found in both the marine and terrestrial environments, are given special attention. The primary goal is to evaluate the significant research papers in relation to the human health risks and benefits of ω‐6 and ω‐3 fatty acid dietary resources. This review article highlights the types of fatty acids, factors affecting the stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids, methods used for the mitigation of oxidative stability, health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and future perspectives in detail.

Yimin Zhang, Yanmi Li, Xiao Ren et al.

Saline soils, as a special class of soil types, have unique physicochemical properties that have far-reaching effects on crop growth and quality characteristics. In order to better develop saline soils as a reserve resource, it is particularly important to exploit the potential of saline crops. Peanut, as one of the important crops in saline soils, can have different quality characteristics depending on the differences in soil salinity and alkalinity, as well as growing conditions. In this study, we compared the nutritional quality and functional composition of five peanut varieties grown in coastal saline soils, with the same varieties grown in non-saline soils in similar areas. The results showed significant differences (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) between saline and non-saline peanuts in the contents of ash, zinc, phosphorus, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-VE, Cis-11-eicosatetraenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, and total antioxidant removal capacity, whereby the former was higher than the latter by 0.12 g/100 g, 4.1 mg/kg, 321 mg/kg, 8.98 μg/g, 0.36%, 0.01%, and 0.01%, respectively, and the total antioxidant capacity was lower than that of the latter by 9.18 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>g Trolxo/g of fresh weight. Sodium element and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity contents were extremely significantly (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.01</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) different in peanuts grown in both land types, where the former was higher than the latter by 261.9 mg/kg and 285 U/g, respectively. Water, fat, protein, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, Vc, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-VE, total VE, VB3, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, total phenols, total flavonoids, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, fatty acids (except for Cis-11-eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, and linolenic acid), phytosterols, and guanines showed no significant differences (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.01</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). To sum up, the origin and soil environment have an effect on the quality of peanuts. These results also provide a scientific basis for the quality assessment of peanuts in saline soil.

Tanuya Aini Harahap, Dwi Widayati, Rachmad Fadillah Maha

This research attempts to examine linguistic problems contained in environmental discourse in the speech of sources in the mass media in Indonesia, namely regarding euphemisms. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data was collected from online mass media, such as Kompas TV, Liputan6.com, and Jawa Pos using the listening method, with advanced techniques in the form of note-taking techniques. However, this data is limited to issues such as air pollution, the climate crisis and green economy programs on the environment. There are five types of euphemisms used by the resource person, Deddy, a spokesperson for the Ganjar-Mahfud National Winning Team (TPN) in the news on environmental discourse, namely loan word euphemisms, euphemisms where one word is replaced by another word, circumlocutionary euphemisms. , euphemistic forms of jargon (special terms), and euphemistic forms of abbreviations. This form is found in the form of words and phrases.

Francesco Sgrò

Sidentop (1998) argued that an adequate and effective learning process in Sport Education[1] should lead to the development of competent, aware, and enthusiastic student-athletes[2]. In short, this means that boys and girls should learn to compete with fairness, respect the rules and their opponents, and become enthusiastic ambassadors of sports participation. However, over the past two decades, there has been considerable evidence highlighting the limited educational and developmental impact of sport education on young adolescents. Several factors have contributed to this situation. For example, access to quality sport education is not always equitable, as socio-economic and geographical factors often limit the opportunity for only a minority of young people to participate in sports activities within an appropriate educational framework. One of the main issues in inadequate sports environments is the excessive emphasis on competition, even in the early stages of sports participation, which typically occurs during pre-adolescence. This leads to the development of a results-driven culture that places significant performance pressure on young student-athletes. Unfortunately, this approach to sport education tends to overshadow almost entirely the physical, psychomotor, and social benefits associated with quality sports practice. In addition, numerous scientific studies have also linked this approach to the teaching of sport education in schools (Kirk, 2009; Quennerstedt, 2019; Cereda, 2023). The natural consequence of this scenario is the development of limited interest in sports among those who have not yet developed or consolidated a competitive attitude and skills. As a result, there are increasing levels of early dropout from sports, a phenomenon that is becoming more widespread among many boys and girls (Back et al., 2022). Dropping out of sports during youth has negative effects on the development of basic skills and competencies (Kolunsarka et al., 2025) and leads to significant challenges in adopting an active lifestyle throughout their lifespan. Unfortunately, as with many other aspects of sports practice (e.g., access to sports disciplines, sports clothing), gender differences are also evident in this case, with girls being disproportionately more affected than boys. Last but not least, the negative effects of this phenomenon affect physical and mental health of school-age boys and girls. For instance, levels of physical activity among adolescents are steadily declining, with both the frequency and types of activities, as highlighted by national and international monitoring systems, falling far below the standards recommended by the World Health Organization. On a social level, the absence of quality sport education unfortunately contributes to the adoption of inappropriate behavioral patterns (e.g., bullying) and the glorification of negative aspects associated with sports, such as stadium violence and match-fixing, which are entirely contrary to the virtuous process Sidentop envisioned through an adequate educational process. Therefore, it is clear that we must rethink the educational model linked to sports practice to promote harmonious and healthy development for young people, ensuring inclusivity and enabling everyone to fully benefit from sports participation. On September 20, 2023, the Italian Parliament approved an amendment to Article 33 of the Italian Constitution, introducing the following reference to the practice of sports: “The Republic recognizes the educational, social, and psychological well-being value of sports activities in all their forms.” This amendment has definitively established the right to sports in Italy, acknowledging the educational and social role of sports practice, which unequivocally goes beyond its more commonly recognized, established, and often negative performance-oriented perspective. The potential impact of what is now enshrined in the Constitution is significant, provided that all institutions and communities of practice involved in the sport participation context can translate this normative event into effective actions. This includes, for example, promoting sport education that emphasizes fun and inclusion within youth sports as positive factors for personal growth. Therefore, learning environments and educational programs should be developed to align the psychological and social dynamics of adolescents participating in sports competitions with trajectories of growth and development. In the opinion of the author, it is essential that physical education teachers and youth coaches receive adequate training and updates in both developing appropriate training and educational programs and in recognizing signs of stress and burnout preventively to avoid dropout. It is also important to support gender equality by promoting female participation in all sports and creating equitable learning and competition environments in terms of both gender and skill levels. Thus, if we interpret what has been established by Parliament as a starting point rather than an endpoint, it is essential for the Italian academic community—especially those focused on sports education—to direct their scientific interest specifically toward the threefold perspective recognized in sports activities: the educational, the social, and the promotion of individual well-being. Researchers and scholars in the fields of motor and sports education can indeed support this new perspective on sports practice through their research experiences and the increasingly significant third-mission activities they are called to undertake in their academic work. Building on these premises, this special issue of the section dedicated to Physical Education and Sports in the European Journal of Research on Education and Teaching (i.e., Formazione & insegnamento) aims to provide a space for analyzing the current scientific and institutional context, discussing educational and training intervention models, sharing best practices, and presenting empirical studies primarily focused on the three main areas introduced by the amendment to Article 33. The response from the Italian community focused primarily on physical education and sport pedagogy has been authoritative in terms of authorship. It is widespread at the national level, high in quality regarding content, and extensive in quantity, as confirmed by the 22 manuscripts that successfully passed the peer review process. As hoped, these contributions are strongly centered on the amendment to Article 33 of the Constitution and the key elements for the development of sports practice in Italy. Overall, the manuscripts cover four different themes. A primary focus of the authors’ work is the relationships and regulatory implications arising from the constitutional amendment. Specifically, two contributions discuss the impact of this measure on communities of practice and the intervention strategies that the government and all relevant stakeholders will need to implement to comply with the new constitutional requirements (Casolo & Coco, 2024; Lovecchio, 2024). Castaldo and Mango (2024), in contrast, examine potential regional challenges in applying Article 33 of the Constitution, with particular attention to the so-called “Southern Question”. In terms of regulatory implications, Di Domenico (2024) emphasized the relationship between the amendment to Article 33 and the competencies associated with the professional profiles of Kinesiologists. A second thematic focus of this special issue concerns the educational value attributed to sports participation. Maietta and Martiniello (2024) reflect on the educational significance of sports within training processes, offering readers a series of analyses that underscore the crucial role of sports in the development of individuals and communities. The same authors also introduce the topic of Dual Career, referring to educational process designed for student who are also high-level athletes. Monacis (2024) presented a Dual Career model based on the results of an orientation and tutoring project developed in Puglia, involving a sample of over 100 students from the province of Lecce. The contributions by Annoscia and colleagues (2024), Di Palma and Tafuri (2024), and Quinto and colleagues (2024) focus on teaching models for sports education in school contexts. The manuscript by Annoscia et al. (2024) explores the relationship between sports practice and physical literacy, highlighting this connection as a foundational element of the Long-Term Athlete Development model. Di Palma and Tafuri (2024) present the results of an action research project that employed the Sport Education model, introduced by Sidentop, to promote discipline among students. Quinto et al. (2024), meanwhile, report on a learning program developed using the Tactical Games Model, aimed at enhancing motor skills and tactical awareness related to net games in primary schools. Valentini and Sbarbati (2024) offer a systematic review of the literature on the integrated use of physical education and mathematics as an intervention strategy to promote games and sport practice and the development of decision-making processes in educational context. Finally, Pascali and Colella (2024) address the topic of sports for students with disabilities, emphasizing the strategic value of sports practice in fostering authentic and educationally inclusive environments The third thematic focus of this special issue relates to the social value of sports participation. Giuriato (2024) compared three different models of social development through sports (i.e., Italy, Finland, and Brazil), emphasizing the importance of a holistic educational approach in promoting national social well-being through sports. Invernizzi and colleagues (2024) addressed the training of teachers and coaches, highlighting it as a fundamental prerequisite for supporting multi-sport learning process that foster sustainable sports education. Sangalli and Borgogni (2024) presented preliminary results from a study on social distress among young adolescents, demonstrating the positive impact sports practice can have on boys and girls at risk of social marginalization. Ceruso (2024), meanwhile, examined the impact of e-sports on the new generation of adolescents, underscoring the popularity of this “alternative” form of sports practice and the need for intervention by government institutions, educational bodies, and industry stakeholders to ensure these environments uphold key values such as integrity, fairness, and privacy The fourth and final thematic focus of this special issue centers on the promotion of psychological and physical well-being through sports participation. The manuscripts addressing this theme span two contexts: the school environment and extracurricular sports. Pignato (2024) emphasized the strategic value of physical literacy as a key component in an educational process that supports psychological and physical well-being throughout life. Greco and colleagues (2024) presented the results of an empirical study which addressed the different effects of the same games-based protocols delivered in indoor and outdoor settings, highlighting the greater positive impact of the outdoor environment across all indicators considered. Feresin et al. (2024) investigated the relationship between mental well-being and sports practice among university students, focusing on gender differences revealed by a questionnaire. In the extracurricular context, Sannicandro (2024) underscored the value of innovative approaches to youth training, such as the ecological-dynamic approach, in developing football initiation programs that move beyond the excessive technicality often found in these settings. Mollame et al. (2024) conducted a similar study in which the training protocol was based on the Tactical Games Model, with results supporting its applicability for the multidimensional development (physical and cognitive) of young footballers. Altavilla (2024) analyzed the scientific literature to outline the physical determinants in the performance models of athletes in basketball, football, and volleyball. Finally, Coppola et al. (2024) reviewed the training methods used in youth volleyball, identifying strengths and weaknesses that emerged in the studies they analyzed.   [1] In this document, sport education refers to the educational activities provided by schools through physical education and offered in settings aimed at introducing young people to sports, such as the youth sectors of sports clubs. [2] Young people and adolescents of school age involved in sport education programs in both school and extracurricular contexts, such as amateur or organized sports.