Hasil untuk "Semantics"

Dan Alistarh, R. Guerraoui

S. Matthews

ABSTRACT: Metric spaces are inevitably Hausdorff and so cannot, for example, be used to study non‐Hausdorff topologies such as those required in the Tarskian approach to programming language semantics. This paper presents a symmetric generalised metric for such topologies, an approach which sheds new light on how metric tools such as Banach's Theorem can be extended to non‐Hausdorff topologies.

R. Montague

C. Fillmore, P. Kay, M. O’Connor

Herbert P. Kitschelt

David Lewis

A. R. Turquette, A. Tarski, J. H. Woodger

Okoa Simile, Devet Goodness

This study analyses the semantics of Kiswahili separation verbs, with the aim of exploring their categorisation, usage, and patterns of meaning extension. The research is grounded in Cognitive Semantics, drawing on Frame Semantics and Profiling and Base Theory. A qualitative approach was employed, using data from Kiswahili newspapers, storybooks, and other written sources. Thirty-four separation verbs were identified. The analysis demonstrates that these verbs map both concrete and abstract domains, featuring culturally grounded metaphorical extensions. They structure conceptual frames involving detachment, division, destruction, transformation, and exposure. Several verb classes emerged, including those expressing removal from surfaces, parting, cutting and breaking, opening, dispersing, and altering the body. Examples include bandua ‘peel off’, funua ‘reveal’, and pasua ‘split’, which extend systematically to figurative senses. Cultural factors also shape these verbs, as evidenced by chinja ‘ritual slaughter’ and keketa ‘circumcise’. Highly productive verbs such as mwaga ‘spill’ extend to reveal secrets or perform vigorously, while others exhibit more limited extension. The main argument of the study is that Kiswahili separation verbs systematically encode both concrete and metaphorical concepts of separation, reflecting embodied experiences and cultural practices through complex cognitive and semantic structures.

Andrey V. Ivanov

The article traces the terms cherta (dash) and chertochka (small dash; hyphen) and their semantics in the system of the Russian linguistic terminology. As the Russian graphics of the 9th–18th centuries remain understudied, so does the lexical status of dash and hyphen with their semantic and functional differences. Starting with their first mention in lexicographic sources, these two punctuation marks developed complex and interconnected systems of meanings. This fact opens a possibility of an unconventional semantic interpretation, determined by their functional potential. The author traced the semantics of cherta (dash) and chertochka (hyphen) in the Russian language in the 9th–18th centuries to specify their terminological status and identify their functional features. The study relied on the methods of historical, linguistic, definitional, and semantic analyses. Based on the available grammatical treatises, grammars, and dictionaries, cherta and chertochka evolved from the common language vocabulary to linguistic terms due to the functions they performed. Modern general and terminological dictionaries identify chertochka with the orthographic term hyphen. Despite its obvious terminological status, cherta remains outside specialized dictionaries because of its broad semantics. However, cherta, like chertochka, can be considered a term, at least in the historical-linguistic aspect. In the 9th–18th centuries, the term cherta had twelve meanings, each of which received its verbal designation not only through the term itself, but also due to a number of synonymous terms. Most of these meanings dated back to the 18th century, which saw the genesis of Russian linguistics and the first Russian grammars. The earliest meaning of the term goes back to the 9th century, when it denoted a special type of writing of the ancient Slavs (cherty and rezy, i.e., carved strokes). The semantic structure of the term chertochka included five meanings, which shaped in the second half of the 18th century. All of them correlated with the semantic structure of cherta. Based on the range of meanings and functional spheres, chertochka had a narrower use than cherta.

Yuxuan Tang, Jie Hu, Zhiyong Yang et al.

Autonomous commercial vehicles often mount multiple LiDARs to enlarge their field of view, but conventional calibration is labor-intensive and prone to drift during long-term operation. We present an online self-calibration method that combines a ground plane motion constraint with a virtual RGB–D projection, mapping 3D point clouds to 2D feature/depth images to reduce feature extraction cost while preserving 3D structure. Motion consistency across consecutive frames enables a reduced-dimension hand–eye formulation. Within this formulation, the estimation integrates geometric constraints on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> using Lagrange multiplier aggregation and quasi-Newton refinement. This approach highlights key aspects of identifiability, conditioning, and convergence. An online monitor evaluates plane alignment and LiDAR–INS odometry consistency to detect degradation and trigger recalibration. Tests on a commercial vehicle with six LiDARs and on nuScenes demonstrate accuracy comparable to offline, target-based methods while supporting practical online use. On the vehicle, maximum errors are 6.058 cm (translation) and 4.768° (rotation); on nuScenes, 2.916 cm and 5.386°. The approach streamlines calibration, enables online monitoring, and remains robust in real-world settings.

Edikan Udofia, Luke Messer, Gus Greivel et al.

This research introduces a new model to predict the roll force during hot rolling of steel, based on a statistical analysis of approximately 38,980 sets of measurements in a commercial mill with five finishing stands. The study includes ten different steel grades and features models of both single grades and the entire dataset. Three models are developed and compared: a temperature-dependent strain rate model (M1), a strain rate model (M2), and a simplified strain rate model (M3). The decrease in temperature with roll stand has a strong cross-correlation with compensating decreases in strain and contact length by roll stand, such that both the temperature and strain terms are statistically insignificant. The final model (M3)—<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>113.1</mn><mo>·</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>ϵ</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msup><mrow><mo>[</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0.3141</mn></mrow></msup><mo>·</mo><mi>w</mi><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>mm</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>·</mo><mo>ℓ</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>mm</mi><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>—relates force (<i>F</i>) to strain rate (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>ϵ</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula>), width (<i>w</i>), and contact length (<i>ℓ</i>) and achieves an <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> fit of 0.946 over all 10 steel grades. Although the single-grade models show slightly higher accuracy, the final model retains robust predictive capability with only two fitting parameters. This model enables fast and easy estimation of roll force for commercial hot rolling of low-carbon, medium-carbon, and high-strength–low-alloy steels.

Namiyah Fitriani, Ikhwanul Habib, Rima Ayu Handayani et al.

The Qur'an, as the divine revelation to Prophet Muhammad, employs Arabic language, necessitating a deep understanding of Arabic linguistics, including semantics (ʿilm al-dalālah). This study explores the phenomenon of tadhadh (antonyms) in the Qur'an from a semantic perspective, aiming to identify and analyze antonymic word pairs and their implications in Qur'anic discourse. Using a qualitative approach with library research methods, the study examines Qur'anic verses, classical and modern linguistic sources, and scholarly works on Arabic semantics. The findings reveal five types of antonyms based on Al-Khammas’ classification: (1) absolute antonyms (taḍādd ḥādd), (2) graded antonyms (taḍādd mutadarrij), (3) converse antonyms (taḍādd ʿaks), (4) perpendicular antonyms (taḍādd ʿamūdī), and (5) straight-line antonyms (taḍādd imtidādī). Examples from various Qur'anic verses illustrate how these antonyms enhance rhetorical and theological depth. The study underscores the importance of semantic analysis in Qur'anic exegesis, contributing to broader linguistic and interpretive studies of the Qur'an.

Mateus Martinez de Lucena, Josafat Leal Ribeiro, Matheus Wagner et al.

Industrial application data acquisition systems can be sources of vast amounts of data. The seismic surveys conducted by oil and gas companies result in enormous datasets, often exceeding terabytes of data. The storage and communication demands these data require can only be achieved through compression. Careful consideration must be given to minimize the reconstruction error of compressed data caused by lossy compression. This paper investigates the combination of principal component analysis (PCA), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), thresholding, quantization, and entropy encoding to compress such datasets. The proposed method is a lossy compression algorithm tuned by evaluating the reconstruction error in frequency ranges of interest, namely 0–20 Hz and 15–65 Hz. The PCA compression and decompression acts as a noise filter while the DWT drives the compression. The proposed method can be tuned through threshold and quantization percentages and the number of principal components to achieve compression rates of up to 31:1 with reconstruction residues energy of less than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in the frequency ranges of 0–20 Hz, 15–65 Hz, and 60–105 Hz.

Jenny Morales, Fabián Silva-Aravena, Paula Saez

Patient satisfaction and operational efficiency are critical in healthcare. Long waiting times negatively affect patient experience and hospital performance. Addressing these issues requires accurate system time predictions and actionable strategies. This paper presents a hybrid framework combining predictive modeling and optimization to reduce system times and enhance satisfaction, focusing on registration, vitals, and doctor consultation. We evaluated three predictive models: multiple linear regression (MLR), log-transformed regression (LTMLR), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The MLR model had the best performance, with an <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of 0.93, an MAE of 7.29 min, and an RMSE of 9.57 min. MLR was chosen for optimization due to its accuracy and efficiency, making it ideal for implementation. The hybrid framework combines the MLR model with a simulation-based optimization system to reduce waiting and processing times, considering resource constraints like staff and patient load. Simulating various scenarios, the framework identifies key bottlenecks and allocates resources effectively. Reducing registration and doctor consultation wait times were identified as primary areas for improvement. Efficiency factors were applied to optimize waiting and processing times. These factors include increasing staff during peak hours, improving workflows, and automating tasks. As a result, registration wait time decreased by 15%, vitals by 20%, and doctor consultation by 25%. Processing times improved by 10–15%, leading to an average reduction of 22.5 min in total system time. This paper introduces a hybrid decision support system that integrates predictive analytics with operational improvements. By combining the MLR model with simulation, healthcare managers can predict patient times and test strategies in a risk-free, simulated environment. This approach allows real-time decision-making and scenario exploration without disrupting operations. This methodology highlights how reducing waiting times has a direct impact on patient satisfaction and hospital operational efficiency, offering an applicable solution that does not require significant structural changes. The results are practical and implementable in resource-constrained healthcare environments, allowing for optimized staff management and patient flow.

D. Scott, C. Strachey

Felipe Augusto Fiorin, Larissa Gomes Sartori, María Verónica González Méndez et al.

The use of assistive technologies, such as a non-invasive interface for neuroelectrical signal and functional electrical stimulation (NES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-FES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), can mitigate the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI), including impairment of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. However, it requires an adaptation process to enhance the user’s performance by tuning the learning curve to a point of extreme relevance. Therefore, in this pilot study, the learning curves of two people with complete SCI (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>: paraplegic-T<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>6</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>: quadriplegic-C<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) were analyzed, with results obtained on the accuracy of the classifier (Ac<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>L</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>), repetitions of intra-day training, and number of hits and misses in the activation of FES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> for sixteen interventions using the NES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-FES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> interface. We assumed that the data were non-parametric and performed the Spearman’s <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ρ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> test (and <i>p</i>-value) for correlations between the data. There was variation between the learning curves resulting from the training of the NES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-FES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> interface for the two participants, and the variation was influenced by factors both related and unrelated to the individual users. Regardless of these factors, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> improved significantly in its learning curve, as it presented lower values in all variables in the first interventions compared to the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>, although only <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> showed statistical correlation (on Ac<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>L</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> values in RLL). It was concluded that despite the variations according to factors intrinsic to the user and the functioning of the equipment used, sixteen interventions were sufficient to achieve a good learning effect to control the NES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>-FES<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mi>s</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> interface.

Hairui Zhu, Shanhong Guo, Weixing Sheng et al.

Ship classification technology using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become a research hotspot. Many deep-learning-based methods have been proposed with handcrafted models or using transplanted computer vision networks. However, most of these methods are designed for graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms, leading to limited scope for application. This paper proposes a novel mini-size searched convolutional Metaformer (SCM) for classifying SAR ships. Firstly, a network architecture searching (NAS) algorithm with progressive data augmentation is proposed to find an efficient baseline convolutional network. Then, a transformer classifier is employed to improve the spatial awareness capability. Moreover, a ConvFormer cell is proposed by filling the searched normal convolutional cell into a Metaformer block. This novel cell architecture further improves the feature-extracting capability. Experimental results obtained show that the proposed SCM provides the best accuracy with only <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.46</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>6</mn></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> weights, achieving a good trade-off between performance and model size.

Xinlong Li, Junli Tan, Hong Li et al.

Sensitivity analysis, calibration, and verification of crop model parameters improve crop model efficiency and accuracy, facilitating its application. This study selected five sites within the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area. Using meteorological data, soil data, and field management information, the EFAST (Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) method was used to conduct first-order and global sensitivity analyses of spring wheat parameters in the WOFOST (World Food Studies Simulation) Model. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) analyzed the contribution of crop parameters to different simulation indices, with parameter sensitivity rankings being discussed under varying water supply and climate conditions. Finally, the adapted WOFOST model was employed to assess its applicability in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area. TMNFTB3.0 (correction factor of total assimilation rate at 3 °C), SPAN (life span of leaves growing at 35 °C), SLATB0 (specific leaf area in the initial period), and CFET (correction factor transpiration rate) showed higher sensitivity index for most simulation indices. Under the same meteorological conditions, different water supply conditions have a limited impact on crop parameter sensitivity, mainly affecting leaf senescence, leaf area, and assimilate conversion to storage organs. The corrected crop parameters significantly enhanced the wheat yield simulation accuracy by the WOFOST model (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>E</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.9964; <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.2516; <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mrow><mi>B</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.1392; <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 0.0331). The localized WOFOST model can predict regional crop yield, with this study providing a theoretical foundation for its regional application, adjustment, and optimization.

Mariangela Cerullo, Paolo Izzo

This paper presents the results of an intensive research on the phenomenon of split intransitivity in Campanian varieties. In the first part it presents the phenomenon according to the different theoretical approaches considered, in order to analyse the considerable amount of data presented in the following sections. The second part is devoted to the central Campanian varieties, in which the data from the metropolitan area of Naples, Salerno and the hinterland are exposed. The peculiarity of the Acerno variety, which is more isolated than the others, leads to present the data of this variety separately. The last part presents the data from the south of the region, the Cilento, divided into two different areas, which are very different from a sociolinguistic point of view. For each dialectal area, an attempt is made to identify the internal parameters that characterise the variation in the choice of the auxiliary and, where necessary, the authors recourse to sociolinguistic variation or contact among different varieties that may have had an influence on the phenomenon.

B. Good